Session 11 - Lecture 1 - Intro to Psychiatry Flashcards
2 - LO
History – medicine & mental illness
Classification & diagnosis
Psychiatric genetics
{1. historical context –important conceptual issues to outline
2. links in to how we (try to) understand & categorise mental disorders.
3. Psychiatric genetics – inc.
psychotic disorders e.g. schizo, mood or affected disorder – depression or bipolar and also anxiety}
2 - History
History – medicine & mental illness
Classification & diagnosis
Psychiatric genetics
{1. historical context – hx lesson, touching on philosophy and so forth - important conceptual issues to outline
2. links in to how we understand/how we try to understand, categorise mental disorders.
3. Psychiatric genetics – preface to next 3 lectures,
psychotic disorders e.g. schizo, mood or affected disorder – depression or bipolar and also anxiety}
4 - Ancient Greeks
Ancient Greeks
2000 BC - good and evil gods controlled all human actions
1500 years later – Hippocrates first prominent physician to associate the brain with mental function and dysfunction
{2. don’t swear the Hippocratic oath – some schools still do – Hippocrates was a Greek physician/philosopher dysfunction – where things go wrong.}
4 - Ancient Greeks
Ancient Greeks
2000 BC - good and evil gods controlled all human actions
1500 years later – Hippocrates first prominent physician to associate the brain with mental function and dysfunction
{1. idea pervading lit and fables and so forth
2. don’t swear the Hippocratic oath – some schools still do – Hippocrates was a Greek physician/philosopher dysfunction – where things go wrong.}
6 - B M S
6 - Mind Body Spirit
{conflict already, thinking how do you understand the links between phys body; mind, whatever that is; and aspects like the spirit.}
7 - Philosophical Issues
Philosophical Issues
Dualism- is a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which begins with the claim that mental phenomena are in some respects non-physical.
(“the ghost in the machine”)
Rene Descartes (1641) First to clearly identify the mind with consciousness and self-awareness and to distinguish this from the brain which was the seat of intelligence
{Descartes - French philosopher/mathematician etc. 2. idea that you have a physical entity (machine) and within that we have something making it tick/work, but isn’t tangible.
3. So we have brain that is physical organ – seat of intelligence and mind – ill-defined (nebulous) concept which encompasses idea of self and consciousness – je pense, donc je suis – I think therefore I am – to have consciousness have some aspect of self - mind functions within organism that’s the body}
8 - Neurosis
Neurosis
Coined by the Scottish physician William Cullen in 1769.
“disorders of sense and motion” due to a “general affection of the nervous system”
Included a range of conditions (e.g. epilepsy, mania, hysteria, diabetes, etc.), with no identifiable physiological cause (e.g. fever)
{3. By time he described this, 18th century – included a range of conditions including epilepsy, diabetes – neurosis – something going wrong with nervous system – although we know think of as physical, back then, can’t see identifiable cause so bucket these into term of Neurosis.}
9 - mid 19th century onwards
mid 19th century onwards
Romberg- wrote first systematic book of neurology
Griesinger advanced the concept of neuropsychiatry
Famous names Meynert, Charcot, Wernicke, Alzheimer, Pick, Freud, Bleuler
{timeframe where neurology as a specialty emerged – eponymous syndromes e.g. Charcot has 15! Even took onto name some syndromes after protegee such as Tourette’s!
Pick’s disease – form of dementia.
Freud – father of psychoanalysis – trained under Charcot and Meynert were at the forefront of dvlpmnt of understanding of things in the brain – a lot would term themselves as neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropathologists – abnormal signs and symptoms relating to pathology. Freud only developed psychoanalysis as a separate discipline until we properly understood it. Hysteria – conversion disorder – paralyses of limbs – can’t identify underlying clear pathology, no dysfunction of nerves himself. Caused some schisms with his treatments – such as hypnosis with hysteria}
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