Session 1: Types of Liver Disorders

Question 1

Functions of the Liver (7 types)

Answer 1

Prevents shortages of nutrients by storing vitamins,
minerals, & sugar;
Metabolizes nutrients from food to produce energy
when needed;
Produces proteins required by the body;
Removes potentially toxic byproducts of medications;
Helps body fight infection by removing bacterial from
blood;
Produces bile, a compound needed to digest fat and
to absorb vitamins A, D, E, & K;
Produces substances to regulate blood clotting.

Question 2

PBC stands for…

Answer 2

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Question 3

What % of biliary stricture can be benign?

Answer 3

30%

Question 4

The 2 major malignant biliary strictures are…

Answer 4

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Choloangiocarcinoma

Question 5

A common cause of biliary stricture is?

Answer 5

Bile duct injury caused by bile duct obstruction or surgical injury.

Question 6

Additional 3 causes of biliary stricture are:

Answer 6

1) Gallstones in the bile duct
2) Cancerous tumours in the bile duct
3) Pancreatitis

Question 7

The 2 blood markers used for hepatobiliary malignancy are:

Answer 7

1) Serum CA19-9
2) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Question 8

Serum CA19-9 levels are also elevated in non-malignant conditions including (4 types)

Answer 8

1) Cholestatis (reduction in bile secretion and flow)
2) Cholangitis (inflammation of the bile duct)
3) Cirrhosis
4) Stomach Cancer

Question 9

What’s the percentage of gallstone patients who also suffer from bile duct stones?

Answer 9

10 - 15%

Question 10

2 causes

What contributes to pigment cholelithiasis (gallstone)

Answer 10

1) Bacteria
2) Human beta-glucuronidase (enzymes that catalyze breakdown of complex carbohydrates)