Session 1 - male anatomy Flashcards
what sphincter prevents retrograde ejaculation
sphincter of the bladder
why are the testes outside the body
to keep the sperm cool
where does meiosis of the male gamete occur
seminiferous tubules
what is the passage of spermatazoa from the seminiferous tubules
they go from the seminiferous tubules to the retes testis and head through the efferent ductules where they become concentrated
they then enter the epididymis where they mature and learnt o swim
this is continuous with the vas deferens
it is ejected out of the urethra during ejaculation
what is a hydrocoele
and what is the most common cause
this is where the tunica vaginalis can fill with serous
fluid
most commonly due to a failure of the processus vaginalis to close
what do sertoli cells do
Keep the germ cells healthy and nourished.
At the end of spermatogenesis they absorb extra cytoplasm from newly created spermatozoa, just prior to their release into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.
Produce testicular fluid, including a protein that binds to and concentrates testosterone, which is essential for the development of the spermatozoa
what do leydig cells do
They have pale cytoplasm because they contain many cholesterol-lipid droplets.
The Leydig cells make and secrete testosterone, in response to lutenising hormone from the pituitary.
The cholesterol is used in the first step of testosterone production.
what does FSH stimulate the sertoli cells to do
to secrete androgen-binding protein into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
Binding of testosterone in the lumen provides a local testosterone supply for the developing spermatogonia.
which testicle hags lower and why
the left hangs lower
it is heavier as it is more congested
what is the venous drainage of the left and right testes
right- the right testicular vein drains into the right vena cava
left- the left testicular vein drains into the renal vein
why are enlarged lymph nodes in the groin not associated with the testes
it is associated with scrotal lymph drainage
as the scrotum drains into the inguinal lymph nodes
where as the testes drainage is to the paired lumbar and para-aortic nodes
Can testicles get twisted
yes. known as testicular torsion
can lead to infertility
testes twist into blood supply, veins initially become occluded
fix by suturing testes to scrotal wall
can the testes swap sides
no there is a fibrous septum between them
what is the gubernaculum
it is also called caudal genital ligament
it aids in the descent of the gonads from the abdomen
what are the three layers of fascia surrounding the testis and what abdominal wall muscles are they derived from
external spermatic fascia derived from external oblique
cremasteric fascia derived from internal oblique
internal spermatic fascia derived from transversus abdominis
which muscle controls how high the testes sit
chremasta
what is found within the internal spermatic fascia
testicular vein and artery
vas deferens, arterya dn vein to vas deferens
sympathetic nerves supplying vas deferens
what is found in the chremasteric fascia
chremasteric artery and vein
nerve to chremasta
what is found outside the external spermatic fascia
illioninguinal nerve
what does the phrase bridge over water refer to
that the uterine artery runs over the ureter
what is the basic idea behind a vasectomy
in a vasectomy you find the vas deferens and tie or cut it
must wait a few months for sperm to clear before unprotected sex
why do you men get incontinence as they age
the prostate enlarges and compresses on the urethra
what is the difference between BPH and prostate cancer
BPH tends to affect the transitional zone
prostate cancers tend to be in the peripheral zone
what do the vessels do to maintain an errection
the penile arterioles vasodilate and the vein compress (initiated by parasympathetic stimulation)
what terminated errection
terminated by vasoconstriction of arterioles (sympathetic)
what causes the cylindrical shaped of the penis when errect
collagen fibres in the tunia albuginea are arranged at right angles to each other
longitudinal and circumferential fibres
what is the blood supply to the penis
internal iliac artery
vascular disease can be a cause of impotence as vessels are non functoning
what does a bent penis mean
that the tunia albugenia has been ruptured
