Session 1 - Lecture 1 - Purpose of the Gut Flashcards
1 - Overview
Purpose of the gut
“Weekly - do Session aims/LOs - the overall aim of today is to just kind of recap a little bit what happened in your BL intro lecture to the GI system (see pre-reading *necessary for 2-end), introduce you a tiny little bit to the neural control of the gut (tricky, so can start off and build up to an understanding of the weeks) – and a tiny bit of intro to the peritoneal cavity – probably the hardest bit of anatomy you’ll have to do.
L2 - consultant radiologist, take you on endoscopic tour and show you various images of the gut. Don’t really need to take notes, no point, linked some notes for as we go further through the module.
Go down to DR for first session, now I think it’s a fun session, but will be introducing you to gross anatomy to the cut – attaching small intestine, descending colon, transverse colon, get them all out, still be attached by one end, but it means cutting into the gut. Never done this before for other reasons – cut into gut, will produce unpleasant smells that will linger.
Workbook – so for every session tried to show you a bit more consistency in the layout so you can try and understand what I’ll get out of it. Always a little bit of pre-reading – estimate time it will take to complete – not like thoroughly understood just to take in broad aspect – just helpful to have a timed thing on there – generally speaking, <30 mins pre-reading each week – if you could do that in a sort of blanket overview for the session – added in additional session resources – it might be you go back to those in a few weeks time and they kind of flesh out what the pre=reading has gone about. Pre-reading, should open in clin Key – it will go exactly ot where the start should be, then I’ve just had to put a read up to – tell you where to end, given you a time that that should take, and then I’ve just done a few key points or headings for each of the lectures so that again if you feel like you haven’t understood the key themes, put them here.
On the second page, put learning outcomes for each session – for how to revise – go back to learning outcomes, and then, if there are group activities, they start after that. COnsistent layout”
2 - Plan for the session
- Summary -broad functions of the regions of the gut
- Brief intro to control of the gut
- Brief intro to the peritoneal cavity
3 - Work book…..
Session 1 - Overview of GI function/anatomy
(see Dr Hales BL lecture)
- Abdominal regions and quadrants
- Surface anatomy of abdominal viscera
- Anterolateral abdominal wall
- The peritoneal cavity and abdominal viscera
- Neural control of GI function
L1 - Purpose of the gut (key themes) 1. 13. L2 - Endoscopic tour of GIT (key themes) 1. 9. DR - Basic GIT layout
4 - Work book…..
Session 2 LOs
Lecture 1 - Embryology 1
- explain how the process of folding in the embryo during the 4th and 5th week creates the primitive gut, the abdominal wall and the coelomic cavity
- describe how the coelomic cavity and peritoneal cavity develop
- describe the fate of the embryonic dorsal and ventral mesenteries
- explain how the greater and lesser omenta and the mesentery of the sma;l intestine develop and relate this to their arrangements in the neonate and the adult
- understand why some abdominal organs possess mesenteries and some are retroperitoneal
- describe the basic development of the foregut structures (stomach, liver, pancreas and duodenum)
5 - Work book…..
- Draw a basic representation of the GIT from mouth to anus and label the major sections e.g. stomach, duodenum. Can draw as a straight tube or more anatomically representative.
- Tutor to tell you to add other annotations
GW qs
- relating to the peritoneal cavity anatomy and pathology
A 34 year old man presents to the Emergency department (ED) with severe generalised abdominal pain. This has got worse over the last few hours. He has a past medical history of peptic ulcers. Doctors suspect that a peptic ulcer has perforated allowing gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity.
6 - In a nutshell…..
In a nutshell…..
|| |v| -|v|- =|v|= =|v|= Function A Function B Function C Function D
“So, the GI tract (GIT) is actually incredibly simple on one hand. The point is to take large macromolecules, say a burger or a carrot, and actually ingest that and break them down, and take the nutrients out of that, and digest that down into small enough components so we can actually absorb them, then we need to absorb them. Also have to secrete unwanted substances back into GIT, so can get rid of things, can also produce some vitamins, and one of the big things it does is there’s a lot of water that absorbs out or moves out of the GIT but actually, there’s a huge amount of secretion into the GIT – breaking down macromolecules, can do that physically, and also, a lot of chemical breakdown – so that’s kind of the overall what the GIT. It’s a tube essentially with a couple of add ons.”
7 - Draw the overall structure of the GIT
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8 - Show the GIT has a directionality
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“Things flow one way to the next”
9 - Draw an image depicting things join into the gut.
- |v|-
“Occasionally, we have things joining up with this tube – main ones you’re thinking of is liver and pancreas joining up with gut. Salivary glands, could also consider them as things that add into gut”
10 - Explain the function of the GIT and its sections in a brief diagram.
=|v|=
“Okay, so there they are in basic terms - things coming in from mouth and out through anus – things in from liver, pancreas and salivary glands. Lots of secretion along the way as well.
The tract is actually divided into diff sections, and it’s divided by sphincters – sometimes they’re muscular – v strong sphincter one at end of stomach, pylori sphincter, but sometimes these are not q as muscular but more structural in terms of the anatomy surrounding it, a bit like the oesophagus going into the stomach – muscle there a sphincter but actually anatomically arranged so that it’s a narrowing – so hopefully bits can go into stomach but not so much they turn up into oesophagus. So divisions, divided by sphincters – this is not anatomically correct, just an image.”
11 - Draw how the GIT is separated into diff functions.
=|v|=
- Function A
- Function B
- Function C
- Function D
“And within each of these zones then, divided by these sphincters, we have largely diff functions, or diff emphasis of a function of the GIT.”
12 - Draw the ‘laid out’ structure of the GIT.
Alimentary Canal 0 50 100 150 cm - Mouth - Esophagus - Stomach - Pancreas - Duodenum (of small intestine) - Jejunum (of small intestine) - Ileum (of small intestine) - Cecum (of large intestine) - Large intestine - Anus
http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat2/notes/Image489.gif
“Okay, so if we laid it out, starting with mouth, ending with anus – noticeable dilatation in stomach – long periods of small bowel weaving its way – starts with duodenum, then jejunum and ileum, and noticeably gets a lot larger – cecum, largeintestine, going right down to rectum and anus.”
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