Session 1-lec 1 Flashcards
cell njury rsult when;
1-cell stressd
2-cel exposed to damage agent
3-cell suffer intrini abnormaliti
4-adaption limits exceeded
5-lose adaptation capability
Tyoes of cell injuy
1-revrsible
2-irriversible
Causes of cell injury;
1-hypoxia
2-chemical agents
3-infectious agents
4-5-immunological agents
5-genetic defect
6-nutritional imbalances
7-physicall agents
8-aging
Most common cause of cell injury
Hypoxia
Cuase of hypoxia
Ischemia
Causes of oxygen deficincy
1-pneumonia
2-reduction oxygen binding capacity
3-carbon monoxide poisining
vitamin deficiencies are common even in developed
.countries with high standards of living(T/F)
T
Not uncommon
In hypoxia energy production ______
Continue
swelling in cell caused by _______
Failure in Na+ and K+ pumping
Failure in Na and k pumping caused by ______
Loss of ATP
Increased lactic acid and phosphate cause ______
Clamped nuclear chromatin
Altered metabolism lead to _____
Abnormal acumlation
_____ alters metabolism which lead to abnormal acumlation
Reduced protein synthesis
_____ alters metabolism which lead to abnormal acumlation
Reduced protein synthesis
Reversible cell injury charectarized by
A-Occurs early stages of cell injury or
.b. in cases of mild forms of injury
c. functional and morphologic changes are reversible if the damaging stimulus is removed
d.the injury has typically not progressed to severe
membranes damage, severe mitochondrial damage, and nuclear
.dissolution
Morphological change in cells in reversible cell injury include:
1-increase pallor,turgor and weight beacause of swelling due to failure in energy dependent ion pump
2-Enlargement, yellowish discoloration, and organ becomes greasy on
touching due to fatty changes==> seen in cell involve or depend on fat metabolism
(hepatocytes,myocardial cell)
Light microscopic findings in reversible cell injury are
1-swelling
2-blebbing
3-increase cytoplasm eiosinophilia
4-fatty changes
The affected hepatocytes are distended by accumulation of
Water
Lipids accumlate in hepatocytes as
Vacuoles
If ischemia persist what will occur in cell
1-severe swelling of mitochondria and lysosome
2-extensive damage to plasma membrane
3-cell compmonent degraded
4-leakage of cellular enzyme to extracellular space
5-massive influx of clacium
** death occur mainly by necrosis
Cardiac muscle have enzymes they are _____ and ______
1-creatine kinase
2-troponin
Hepatocytes have _____ enazyme
Tranaminases
The sequence of events in reversible hypoxia are :
1-loss of ATP
*failure in Na and K pump
*swelling
2-anaerobic matabolism
*increase lactic acid and phosphate
*clumped nuclear chromatin
3-reduced protein synthesis
*altered metabolism
*abnormal accumlation
The squence of event in irreversible hypoxia are:
1-massive intracytoplasmic accumlation of Ca
2-Activation of multiple degradative enzymes
3-Lethal cell damage
