Session 1: Introduction To The Gut Flashcards
What is the longest portion of the GI tract?
Small intestine
What is the upper portion of the stomach responsible for?
Maintaining basal tone
What structure aids the distension of the stomach?
Rugae (temporary folds)
What is the mesentry?
A double fold of the peritoneum forming a conduit
What is within the peritoneal cavity?
Nothing
Except fluid secreted by the peritoneum
What structure acts to divide up the gut?
Sphincters
Where in the gut does mechanical disruption occur?
Mouth and lower stomach
How is the lower stomach structurally different to the upper stomach?
It has an extra internal oblique layer of muscle
What are the guts four main lines of defence against pathogens?
Saliva
HCL
Kupffer cells from the liver
Peyers patches
Where is excretory waste normally stored?
Colon
What does the stomach secrete?
HCL and intrinsic factor (Vitamin B12)
In which region are nutrients mainly absorbed?
Jejunum
Where is water mainly reabsorbed?
Ileum
Why is the peritoneal cavity ‘a cavity within a cavity’?
It is found within the abdominal cavity
Which regions does an upper GI endoscopy examine?
Oesophagus, stomach and duodenum
What does ERCP stand for?
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and pancreatogtaphy
What change occurs in Barrett’s oesophagus?
Metaplasia from stratified squamous epithelium to gastric glandular columnar epithelium
What are the four divisions of the stomach?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Why may the internal lumen of the colon appear triangular?
The taenia coli (3 longitudinal bands of muscle)
What is a sigmoid volvulous?
Where the sigmoid colon twists on itself and its loose mesenteric attachment
What is the dentate line?
The apparent line formed by the valves of Ball in the mid anal canal
