Session 1: Introduction, Diversity and Culture in Health Flashcards
Describe the biopsychosocial model of medicine
Describe how behavioural, psychological, and social factors contribute to health and disease & explain why the biopsychosocial model is important in modern medicine
model that implies that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to a person’s health and illness
Contrast a biomedical and biopsychosocial approach to medicine
Describe how behavioural, psychological, and social factors contribute to health and disease & explain why the biopsychosocial model is important in modern medicine
the biopsychosocial model acknowledges psychological and social factors that cause health problems, which the biomedical model does not
the biomedical model: narrow (ignores additional factors)
* the body is treated as a machine -repair or remove affected problems
* illness is understanding in bio and physio processes
* treatment = only physical intervention
the biopsychosocial model: ideal (accounts additional factors)
* treatment = incorporates medical, social and phsychological support
* responsibility for health lies in patient, doctor, PHE & governing body
* illness should be treated by doctors, awarness/prevention and patient (lifestyle)
Explain why the biopsychosocial model is important in modern medicine
Describe how behavioural, psychological, and social factors contribute to health and disease & explain why the biopsychosocial model is important in modern medicine
- incorporates the psychological, biological and social factors and their role in health
- incorporates medical, social and psychological support
- improves quality of life
- considers the impact of the diagnosis
- looks at patient as a whole (not just as an illness or a diagnosis)
Explain why people in different cultural settings experience health and illness differently
Understand how diversity and cultural factors also contribute to health & disease
All cultures have systems of health beliefs to explain what causes illness, how it can be cured or treated, and who should be involved in the process.
* westernised societies see disease as a result of natural scientific phenomena
* hence, advocate medical treatments that combat microorganisms or use sophisticated technology to diagnose and treat disease
* Other societies believe that illness is the result of supernatural phenomena
* may promote prayer or other spiritual interventions that counter the presumed disfavor of powerful forces.
Define culturally-appropriate healthcare and explain why it is important to practice
Understand how diversity and cultural factors also contribute to health & disease
Cultural competence in healthcare refers to the ability for healthcare professionals to demonstrate cultural competence toward patients with diverse values, beliefs, and feelings.
Define culturally-appropriate healthcare and explain why it is important to practice
Understand how diversity and cultural factors also contribute to health & disease
- person centred care
- can help improve health outcomes and quality of care
- can contribute to the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities
- through appreciation for other’s values, customs, and beliefs
Define public health and describe its features
Introduce public health and how it is underpinned by population and social science
art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised effects of society (WHO)
helping people stay healthy and protecting them from threats to health
Define ** health inequality** and the inverse care law
Introduce public health and how it is underpinned by population and social science
- the unfair and avoidable differences in health across the population, and between different groups within society
- may arise from access to the social determinants of health, specifically from wealth, power and prestige.
Define health inequality and the inverse care law
Introduce public health and how it is underpinned by population and social science
- inverse care law: the availability of good medical care tends to vary with the need for it in the population served.
- i.e. people who most need health care are least likely to receive it
Identify the three domains of public health
Introduce public health and how it is underpinned by population and social science
- Health improvement - sexual health services, substance misuse services, smoking cessation, weight management
- Health protection - Immunisation/screening
- Healthcare services - (public health) prioritisation, needs assesment, service design, evidence based decisions
Give examples of areas of focus for public health improvement
Introduce public health and how it is underpinned by population and social science
- Primary prevention:
well population: preventing onset of disease by reducing exposure to risk factors
4 main approches:
* immunisation
* prevention of contact with environmental exposure
* taking appropriate precautions
* reducing risk factors rom health related behaviours - Secondary prevention:
* detect and treat disease (or risk factors) at early stage
* prevent further progression
* e.g. screening for cervical - Tertiary prevention;
* patients with health problem
* minimise effects of established disease
* e.g renal transplant/ steroids
Define evidence-based medicine
Introduce public health and how it is underpinned by population and social science
Evidence-based medicine is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.
- Conscientious: being careful, and thorough, in what you do
- Explicit: being up-front, open, clear and transparent
- Judicious: using good judgement and common sense
Formulate an answerable clinical question using PICO (patient, intervention, comparator and outcome)
Introduce public health and how it is underpinned by population and social science
part of group work
patient
intervention
comparator/control
outcome
