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SA ICA > Session 1 Child Abuse > Flashcards

Session 1 Child Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What is child abuse?

A

Maltreatment of a child (<18yrs)
Infliction of harm
Failing to act to prevent harm

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2
Q

What defines significant harm?

A

Ill-treatment or impairment of health or
development
Legal justification intervention in family life

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3
Q

Categories for child abuse

A
  • neglect
  • physical
  • sexual
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4
Q

What is neglect

A

persistent failure to meet a child’s basic
physical and / or psychological needs, likely to
result in the serious impairment of the child’s
health or development.

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5
Q

How can Neglect occur during pregnancy

A

Can occur via substance abuse

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6
Q

What are some examples of neglect

A

-Provide adequate food, clothing, shelter (including
exclusion from home or abandonment)
- protect from physical and emotional abuse
- adequate supervision
- access to medical care
- attending basic emotional needs

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7
Q

What are some red flags that could show a child is suffering from neglect?

A
  • recurrent non-attendance to appointments
  • missed routine screenings and immunisations
  • Faltering growth - needs not being met
  • delay in development - speech
  • recurrent infections - head lice, skin
  • poor school attendance
  • history of injuries
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8
Q

How can you examine a child’s health

A
  • poor nutritional status
  • dental decay
  • chronic infestation
  • dirty/smells
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9
Q

What does physical abuse involve?

A

hitting, shaking, throwing,
poisoning, burning or scalding, drowning,
suffocating or otherwise causing physical
harm to a child.
Or parting inducing illness in child

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10
Q

History of physical abuse

A
  • Lack of or inadequate explanation for injury
    • Delay in seeking medical attention
    • Inconsistent accounts
    • Presence of multiple risk factors/Child or family known to SocialCare
    • Direct disclosure
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11
Q

Examinations that can show physical abuse

A
  • unexplained bruising
  • Unexplained fractures/burns
  • patterns (hand mark)
  • injury not consistent with history or age
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12
Q

What defines sexual abuse?

A
  • forcing or enticing a child to take part in sexual activities despite them knowing what’s going on or not
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13
Q

In what ways can a child be sexually abused?

A
  • physical contact
  • non-contact: children looking at sexual images, watching sexual activities, grooming, taking sexual images of them
  • can take place online
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14
Q

What is child sexual exploitation?

A
  • individual or group taking advantage of power to coerce or manipulate child into sexual activity
    The child may be aware what’s going on and not realise it is exploiting
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15
Q

What are some examples of coercion?

A
  • exchanging something with victim
  • financial advantage
  • increased status of perpetrators
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16
Q

History of someone that has been sexually abused.

A
  • pregnancy
  • signs of sexual activity under 13 years
  • STIs
  • anogential injury and unexplained bleeding
  • recurrent vaginal discharge
  • soiling and wetting (differential diagnosis)
  • behavioural change
17
Q

Examination of a child who may have suffered from sexual abuse

A
  • refer to social care
18
Q

Some examples of emotional abuse

A
  • Rejecting
    – Isolating
    – Terrorising
    – Ignoring
    – Corrupting
    – Cyberbullying
19
Q

What is the definition of emotional abuse

A

Persistent emotional maltreatment of a child causing
severe and persistent adverse effects on the child’s
emotional development. :
- conveying worthlessness/unlike
- deliberately silencing child
- limiting learning
- bullying /exploitation

20
Q

History of an infant suffering from child abuse

A

Feeding difficulties, crying, poor sleep patterns, delayed development.

21
Q

History of a toddler suffering from emotional abuse

A

Behavioural spectrum from overactive to apathetic, noisy to quiet, dev delay

22
Q

History of a child at school suffering from emotional abuse

A

Wetting & soiling, relationship difficulties, poor school performance, non-
attendance, antisocial behaviour

23
Q

History of an adolescent suffering from emotional abuse

A

Depression, self-harm, substance misuse, eating disorders, oppositional,
aggressive, delinquent behaviours.

24
Q

Some other issues concerning safeguarding

A

Online abuse & grooming
• Child Criminal exploitation/County lines
• Trafficking
• Radicalisation
• Modern slavery
• Female genital mutilation/cutting
• Forced marriage
• Honour based violence
• Discriminatory abuse

25
Q

What is the triad of vulnerability?

A

– Domestic abuse
– Mental illness of parent or carer
– Parental drug and / alcohol misuse

26
Q

Which children are are most vulnerable to child abuse?

A

• Under 2 years
• Pre-verbal babies & children
• Those with additional needs/disability
• Vulnerable/marginalised young people

27
Q

What process is taken when a child is suspected of suffering from abuse

A
  • refer to social care -> reasonable cause to suspect this -> duty to make enquiries under section 47 of the children act 1989
28
Q

Adverse childhood experiences

A
  • suffering from abuse as a young age can have major negative implications on the child when they grow up
    They will have damaged mental health and are more prone to physical illness
29
Q

Example of some adverse childhood experiences

A

– Physical abuse & neglect
– Sexual abuse
– Emotional abuse & neglect
– Domestic violence
– Mental ill-health
– Incarceration
– Substance misuse
– Parental separation

30
Q

Interventions and support

A

• Universal services
• Early Help
• Child in Need – consent required.
Section 17 Children Act 1989
• Child Protection – consent not required.
Section 47 Children Act 1989

31
Q

If you are concerned about a child’s welfare what do you not do

A

– Don’t ask leading questions.
– Document verbatim what was said.
– Don’t promise confidentiality.
– Talk immediately to one of the professionals you
are working with – they will escalate
appropriately.

32
Q

Why review child deaths

A

• To establish, a cause Of child deaths (with the coroner)
• To identify any potential contributory &
modifiable factors
• To provide ongoing support to the family
• To learn lessons in order to reduce the risk of
future child deaths

33
Q

Who is involved in the death review process

A
  • health and local authority funded
  • CD-R team; designated dr, nurses
  • get health and social care and lilacs involved
  • get all agencies involved

SA ICA (9 decks)

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