Serology 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 ways that immunoglobulins and antibodies are measured?
- Quantitative& Qualitative
- Agglutinin Titers
- Antibody Titers
__________ is a screening test to semiquantitatively measure various proteins which are electrically separated.
Electrophoresis
___ and ____- lymphocytes are derived from bone marrow stem cells?
B and T- lymphocytes
_____ precursors migrate to the thymus.
T-Cell
_____ maturation occurs in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
B-Cell
T- cell = ________ immunity?
Cellular (cell-mediated)
B-cell= __________ immunity?
Humoral
During Cell mediated immunity (T-cell) macrophages become activated and interact with ___________?
T- Lymphocytes
This immunity is an inflammatory process that begins after non=specific detection and processing of infectious agents by macrophages
Cell-mediated
Phagocytosis and killing of infectious agents ensue during ______ immunity?
cell-mediated
Humoral immunity is:
A. T-Cell
B. B-Cell
B-Cell
With humoral immunity you can expect to see a rise in which Ig first then which other Ig?
IgM first then IgG
*maggy goes before ginny
What is the universal blood donor type?
O negative
________ are substances capable of binding to an antibody.
Antigen
________ is from the patients serum (produced by lymphocytes)
ANtibody
If the antigen (test) and the antobody (serum) form a reaction, ________ or ________ will occur.
agglutination or clumping
would a decrease in titer result in a patient feeling better or worse?
Better
1:256 ratio shows the second number representing the ________ of the organism
virulence (high is more virulent)
The STD syphillis is caused by the _________ __________ pallidium.
spirochete treponema
The primary stage of syphillis begins __-___ weeks after infection is recognized by a chancre.
3-4 weeks
With primary syphillis is the chancre painful?
no Painless
Which stage of syphillis goes systematic resulting in fever, malise, RASH, and may have CNS involvement.
secondary syphillis
The teritary stage is ___-___ years post infection and are soft granulomatous lesions called _______.
3-10 years
Gummas
Teritary syphillis may be asymptomatic or have CNS involvement known as (_________) leading to insanity
Neurosyphillis
What type of joints are associated with teritary syphillis?
Charcot’s joints
Nontreponemal (screening) test may be _______ in the teritary stage.
NEgative
What is the exam of choice for finding T. Pallidum?
Darkfield exam (genital lesions)
Is nontreponemal tests used in patients suspected of syphillis a screening or confirmatory test?
Screening
T/F: Treponemal tests are confirmatory tests
True
Nontreponemal tests include ________, ________. These test measure _______ and _____ antibodu and are NOT specific to T. Pallium.
VDRL, RPR
IgM and IgG
____________ tests are used to confirm reactive nontreponemal tests as they are more sensitive.
Treponemal
What is the MC etiology of charcot joints?
Diabetes, also common with teritary stage syphillis
What is another name for charcot joints
Hypertrophic neurotrophic
What is the name of the spirochete associated with lyme disease?
Barrelia burgdorferi
what is the hallmark sign for lyme disease?
bulls eye rash
red macule at site of bite with erythema migrans
What are 4 common early symptoms with lyme disease?
fever, HA, Fatigue, depression
Can lyme disease influence the joints, heart and CNS?
Yes all are later symptoms if left untreated
Lyme disease testing is recommended by the CDC; what two-tiered protocol is used?
ELISA (first) then a Western Blot is run
non-specific with False positives common various AI diseases such as: (RA, Lupus, Mono, AIDS and ______)
nephritis
