Serology 1

Question 1

what 5 things is stool made up of?

Answer 1

bile, mucus, shed epithelial cells, bacteria, bacteria and inorganic salts

Question 2

Patient presents with fever, abdominal bloating and diarrhea. How many days does diarrhea persist for to make it necessary for an immediate stool culture?

Answer 2

7 days

Question 3

Fecal inspection is important because it may lead to diagnosis of __________, obstructive jaundice, diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, GI bleeding etc.

Answer 3

Parasitic infestation

Question 4

How many Grams of stool per day is normal?

Answer 4

100-200g

Question 5

what % of water in in stool?

Answer 5

70%

Question 6

Normal evacuated feces reflects the caliber and shape of the ________ _________?

Answer 6

colonic lumen

Question 7

What is the normal colonic transit time?

Answer 7

24-48 hours

Question 8

Odor is from _______ and _________ (formed from bacterial degreneration of proteins thru fermentation and purtrefaction)

Answer 8

Indole and Skatole

Question 9

What color feces is normal?

Answer 9

brown

Question 10

What color is the feces when there is a biliary obstruction?

Answer 10

clay (gray white)/ tan

Question 11

Your patient does seem to be digesting her red meats or beets properly. what color is their feces and what area of the GI tract is an issue?

Answer 11

Red (could be blood also),

Lower GI Tract

Question 12

Your patient has upper GI tract bleeding and possible ulcers. What color is their feces?

Answer 12

Black + Tarry

Question 13

Sally was sick and is now taking a broad spectrum of antiboditics. What color is her feces?

Answer 13

Green (same with dark leafy greens)

Question 14

Ribbon-like feces is seen with ________ colon or ________ narrowing.

Answer 14

Spastic colon

Rectal Narrowing

Question 15

what is the name for hard small spherical masses of stool?

Answer 15

Scybala

Question 16

what form/consistency is noted with increased fats from gallbladder disease?

Answer 16

Pasty

Question 17

Greasy/buttery feces is noted with ________ _______?

Answer 17

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Question 18

Megafeces is noted with ?

Answer 18

Megacolon (Mega:Mega)

Yo dawg you take megadumps with that megacolon you gots

Question 19

Bloody mucous clinging to a fecal mass is a sign of ________ or inflammatory process of the rectum?

Answer 19

Neoplasm

Question 20

Mucous colitis is associated with ________ in feces?

Answer 20

Mucous

Question 21

Mucous associated with blood and pus in ________, _______, and _________.

Answer 21

Ulcerative colitis, dysentery, diverticulitis

Question 22

_____ is found in UC, Chronic dysentery, abcesses, and fistulas

Answer 22

Pus

Question 23

_______ (steatorrhea) found in a variety of disorders (malabsorption, pancreas, liver, biliary dz)

Answer 23

Fats

Question 24

What is another name for FOBT (fecal occult blood test)?

Answer 24

Guiac

Question 25

_______ is part of screening for colorectal CA in patients over ____?

Answer 25

FOBT | over 50 yrs

Question 26

Loss of ____-____ ml of blood from upper GI tract can result in _______ _______ stools

Answer 26

50-70ml | Black Tarry

Question 27

Lower GI bleeding is usually _____ in color?

Answer 27

Red

Question 28

Testing for occult blood can detect as little as ___ ml.

Answer 28

5

Question 29

What is a filling defect associated with adenocarcinoma of the colon referred to as?

Answer 29

Apple core sign

Question 30

Infections usually present as _____ diarrhea, excessive ______, abdominal discomfort and fever.

Answer 30

Acute diarrhea | Flatus- or gas

Question 31

T/F: Having a few WBCs in your feces normal.

Answer 31

True | *normal to have NO RBCs

Question 32

E. Coli is normal flora in the colon and is also the MC etiology of _____ through transfer and contamination?

Answer 32

UTI

Question 33

Who is more likely to have a UTI?

Answer 33

Women | *but men can do

Question 34

________ of the organism is an important factor?

Answer 34

Virulence

Question 35

What are the two parts of adaptive immunity?

Answer 35

Natural and Artificial

Question 36

What are the two types of natural immunity?

Answer 36

Passive (maternal) | Active (infection)

Question 37

Proteins in the blood are made up of what two things?

Answer 37

albumin and globulin

Question 38

______ globulin is one of many types of globulin proteins.

Answer 38

Gamma

Question 39

What produce antibodies?

Answer 39

Plasma Cells

Question 40

Immunoglobulins represent 25% of plasma proteins. What are the 5 main Igs?

Answer 40

``` IgM IgA IgG IgE IgD ```

Question 41

which Ig constitutes ~75% of serum immunoglobulins?

Answer 41

IgG

Question 42

Which Ig is ~15% of immunoglobulins and is present primarily respiratory & GI secretions?

Answer 42

IgA

Question 43

which Ig is responsible for ABO blood grouping and the rheumatic factor (Rhf)?

Answer 43

IgM

Question 44

Which Ig is usually elevated in many infections?

Answer 44

IgM

Question 45

IgE mediates _______ response?

Answer 45

Allergic

Question 46

Which Ig is rarely elevated?

Answer 46

IgD

Question 47

Which Ig is found in mucous, saliva, tears and titty milk?

Answer 47

IgA

Question 48

Which Ig protects against pathogens?

Answer 48

IgA

Question 49

This Ig is part of the B cell receptor and activates Basophils and mast cells?

Answer 49

IgD

Question 50

This Ig protects against parasitic infestations and allergies?

Answer 50

IgE

Question 51

Which Ig is secreted by plasma cells in the blood. It is also able to cross the placenta into the fetus?

Answer 51

IgG Only a G can cross the placenta

Question 52

This Ig may be attached to the surface of a B cell or secreted into the blood. It is responsible for early stages on immunity

Answer 52

IgM