Serology 1 Flashcards
what 5 things is stool made up of?
bile, mucus, shed epithelial cells, bacteria, bacteria and inorganic salts
Patient presents with fever, abdominal bloating and diarrhea. How many days does diarrhea persist for to make it necessary for an immediate stool culture?
7 days
Fecal inspection is important because it may lead to diagnosis of __________, obstructive jaundice, diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, GI bleeding etc.
Parasitic infestation
How many Grams of stool per day is normal?
100-200g
what % of water in in stool?
70%
Normal evacuated feces reflects the caliber and shape of the ________ _________?
colonic lumen
What is the normal colonic transit time?
24-48 hours
Odor is from _______ and _________ (formed from bacterial degreneration of proteins thru fermentation and purtrefaction)
Indole and Skatole
What color feces is normal?
brown
What color is the feces when there is a biliary obstruction?
clay (gray white)/ tan
Your patient does seem to be digesting her red meats or beets properly. what color is their feces and what area of the GI tract is an issue?
Red (could be blood also),
Lower GI Tract
Your patient has upper GI tract bleeding and possible ulcers. What color is their feces?
Black + Tarry
Sally was sick and is now taking a broad spectrum of antiboditics. What color is her feces?
Green (same with dark leafy greens)
Ribbon-like feces is seen with ________ colon or ________ narrowing.
Spastic colon
Rectal Narrowing
what is the name for hard small spherical masses of stool?
Scybala
what form/consistency is noted with increased fats from gallbladder disease?
Pasty
Greasy/buttery feces is noted with ________ _______?
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Megafeces is noted with ?
Megacolon (Mega:Mega)
Yo dawg you take megadumps with that megacolon you gots
Bloody mucous clinging to a fecal mass is a sign of ________ or inflammatory process of the rectum?
Neoplasm
Mucous colitis is associated with ________ in feces?
Mucous
Mucous associated with blood and pus in ________, _______, and _________.
Ulcerative colitis, dysentery, diverticulitis
_____ is found in UC, Chronic dysentery, abcesses, and fistulas
Pus
_______ (steatorrhea) found in a variety of disorders (malabsorption, pancreas, liver, biliary dz)
Fats
What is another name for FOBT (fecal occult blood test)?
Guiac
_______ is part of screening for colorectal CA in patients over ____?
FOBT
over 50 yrs
Loss of ____-____ ml of blood from upper GI tract can result in _______ _______ stools
50-70ml
Black Tarry
Lower GI bleeding is usually _____ in color?
Red
Testing for occult blood can detect as little as ___ ml.
5
What is a filling defect associated with adenocarcinoma of the colon referred to as?
Apple core sign
Infections usually present as _____ diarrhea, excessive ______, abdominal discomfort and fever.
Acute diarrhea
Flatus- or gas
T/F: Having a few WBCs in your feces normal.
True
*normal to have NO RBCs
E. Coli is normal flora in the colon and is also the MC etiology of _____ through transfer and contamination?
UTI
Who is more likely to have a UTI?
Women
*but men can do
________ of the organism is an important factor?
Virulence
What are the two parts of adaptive immunity?
Natural and Artificial
What are the two types of natural immunity?
Passive (maternal)
Active (infection)
Proteins in the blood are made up of what two things?
albumin and globulin
______ globulin is one of many types of globulin proteins.
Gamma
What produce antibodies?
Plasma Cells
Immunoglobulins represent 25% of plasma proteins. What are the 5 main Igs?
IgM IgA IgG IgE IgD
which Ig constitutes ~75% of serum immunoglobulins?
IgG
Which Ig is ~15% of immunoglobulins and is present primarily respiratory & GI secretions?
IgA
which Ig is responsible for ABO blood grouping and the rheumatic factor (Rhf)?
IgM
Which Ig is usually elevated in many infections?
IgM
IgE mediates _______ response?
Allergic
Which Ig is rarely elevated?
IgD
Which Ig is found in mucous, saliva, tears and titty milk?
IgA
Which Ig protects against pathogens?
IgA
This Ig is part of the B cell receptor and activates Basophils and mast cells?
IgD
This Ig protects against parasitic infestations and allergies?
IgE
Which Ig is secreted by plasma cells in the blood. It is also able to cross the placenta into the fetus?
IgG
Only a G can cross the placenta
This Ig may be attached to the surface of a B cell or secreted into the blood. It is responsible for early stages on immunity
IgM
