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ViS DIS serology > Serology 1 > Flashcards

Serology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what 5 things is stool made up of?

A

bile, mucus, shed epithelial cells, bacteria, bacteria and inorganic salts

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2
Q

Patient presents with fever, abdominal bloating and diarrhea. How many days does diarrhea persist for to make it necessary for an immediate stool culture?

A

7 days

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3
Q

Fecal inspection is important because it may lead to diagnosis of __________, obstructive jaundice, diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, GI bleeding etc.

A

Parasitic infestation

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4
Q

How many Grams of stool per day is normal?

A

100-200g

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5
Q

what % of water in in stool?

A

70%

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6
Q

Normal evacuated feces reflects the caliber and shape of the ________ _________?

A

colonic lumen

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7
Q

What is the normal colonic transit time?

A

24-48 hours

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8
Q

Odor is from _______ and _________ (formed from bacterial degreneration of proteins thru fermentation and purtrefaction)

A

Indole and Skatole

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9
Q

What color feces is normal?

A

brown

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10
Q

What color is the feces when there is a biliary obstruction?

A

clay (gray white)/ tan

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11
Q

Your patient does seem to be digesting her red meats or beets properly. what color is their feces and what area of the GI tract is an issue?

A

Red (could be blood also),

Lower GI Tract

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12
Q

Your patient has upper GI tract bleeding and possible ulcers. What color is their feces?

A

Black + Tarry

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13
Q

Sally was sick and is now taking a broad spectrum of antiboditics. What color is her feces?

A

Green (same with dark leafy greens)

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14
Q

Ribbon-like feces is seen with ________ colon or ________ narrowing.

A

Spastic colon

Rectal Narrowing

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15
Q

what is the name for hard small spherical masses of stool?

A

Scybala

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16
Q

what form/consistency is noted with increased fats from gallbladder disease?

A

Pasty

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17
Q

Greasy/buttery feces is noted with ________ _______?

A

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

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18
Q

Megafeces is noted with ?

A

Megacolon (Mega:Mega)

Yo dawg you take megadumps with that megacolon you gots

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19
Q

Bloody mucous clinging to a fecal mass is a sign of ________ or inflammatory process of the rectum?

A

Neoplasm

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20
Q

Mucous colitis is associated with ________ in feces?

A

Mucous

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21
Q

Mucous associated with blood and pus in ________, _______, and _________.

A

Ulcerative colitis, dysentery, diverticulitis

22
Q

_____ is found in UC, Chronic dysentery, abcesses, and fistulas

A

Pus

23
Q

_______ (steatorrhea) found in a variety of disorders (malabsorption, pancreas, liver, biliary dz)

A

Fats

24
Q

What is another name for FOBT (fecal occult blood test)?

A

Guiac

25
Q

_______ is part of screening for colorectal CA in patients over ____?

A

FOBT

over 50 yrs

26
Q

Loss of ____-____ ml of blood from upper GI tract can result in _______ _______ stools

A

50-70ml

Black Tarry

27
Q

Lower GI bleeding is usually _____ in color?

A

Red

28
Q

Testing for occult blood can detect as little as ___ ml.

A

5

29
Q

What is a filling defect associated with adenocarcinoma of the colon referred to as?

A

Apple core sign

30
Q

Infections usually present as _____ diarrhea, excessive ______, abdominal discomfort and fever.

A

Acute diarrhea

Flatus- or gas

31
Q

T/F: Having a few WBCs in your feces normal.

A

True

*normal to have NO RBCs

32
Q

E. Coli is normal flora in the colon and is also the MC etiology of _____ through transfer and contamination?

A

UTI

33
Q

Who is more likely to have a UTI?

A

Women

*but men can do

34
Q

________ of the organism is an important factor?

A

Virulence

35
Q

What are the two parts of adaptive immunity?

A

Natural and Artificial

36
Q

What are the two types of natural immunity?

A

Passive (maternal)

Active (infection)

37
Q

Proteins in the blood are made up of what two things?

A

albumin and globulin

38
Q

______ globulin is one of many types of globulin proteins.

A

Gamma

39
Q

What produce antibodies?

A

Plasma Cells

40
Q

Immunoglobulins represent 25% of plasma proteins. What are the 5 main Igs?

A 
IgM 
IgA
IgG
IgE
IgD
41
Q

which Ig constitutes ~75% of serum immunoglobulins?

A

IgG

42
Q

Which Ig is ~15% of immunoglobulins and is present primarily respiratory & GI secretions?

A

IgA

43
Q

which Ig is responsible for ABO blood grouping and the rheumatic factor (Rhf)?

A

IgM

44
Q

Which Ig is usually elevated in many infections?

A

IgM

45
Q

IgE mediates _______ response?

A

Allergic

46
Q

Which Ig is rarely elevated?

A

IgD

47
Q

Which Ig is found in mucous, saliva, tears and titty milk?

A

IgA

48
Q

Which Ig protects against pathogens?

A

IgA

49
Q

This Ig is part of the B cell receptor and activates Basophils and mast cells?

A

IgD

50
Q

This Ig protects against parasitic infestations and allergies?

A

IgE

51
Q

Which Ig is secreted by plasma cells in the blood. It is also able to cross the placenta into the fetus?

A

IgG

Only a G can cross the placenta

52
Q

This Ig may be attached to the surface of a B cell or secreted into the blood. It is responsible for early stages on immunity

A

IgM

ViS DIS serology (2 decks)

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