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IMSE > Serological Diagnosis of infectious diseases > Flashcards

Serological Diagnosis of infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

immunity is [against/pro] to M protein

A

Against

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2
Q

a M protein infectious diease that is immune-serotype specific.

A

Steptococcus Pyogenes

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3
Q

Pathological consequences in Streoptococcus Pyogenees

A

Skin
Upper respiratory infection
Rheumatic fever
Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis**

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4
Q

Antibodies against strep such as m protein, cross-react w/ myocardial tissue leading to this pathological consequence

A

rheumatic fever

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5
Q

Most diagnostically important antibodies

A

Anti-streptolysin O
AntiDNase B
Anti-NADase
Anti- Hyaluronidase

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6
Q

Assays used for the detection of STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIGENS

A

[CELMS]
Cultivation
Enzyme Immunoassay
Latex Agglutination
Molecular Diagnostics
SEROTYPING

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7
Q

It is an assay where there is m proteins precipitation by _________ antisera.

PROS:
CONS:

A

Serotyping
Type-specific

fast turnaround time
new m type proteins not recognized =difficulty in results interpretation

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8
Q

Assays used for the detection of STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIBODIES [explain]
– recommendation: at least ____per pax

A

2

Anti-Streptolysin O testing [ASO, Nephelometry]
1.ASO Test
Diluted px’s serum + Streptolysin O + RBC indicator

Results: titer in todd units [reciprocal of highest dilution demonstrating no hemolysis]

2.Nephelometry

Anti-DNAse B testing
1.Neutralization Methodology [classic]
Diluted px’s serum+ DNAse B+ Methyl green conjugate

Results: 0-4+ [highest dilution reciprocal] [2 up w/ color]

2.Nephelometry

  1. Streptozyme testing
    Px’s serum + Sheep RBC coated w/ strepto-lysin/kinase, DNAse, NADase, Hyaluronidase

Dilution 1:100

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9
Q

assay used for the detection of streptococcal antibodies that is clinically useful for suspected glomerulonephritis by streptococcal infections

A

Anti-DNAse B testing [Neutralization, Nephelometry]

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10
Q

gram negative microaerophilic spiral bacterium

A

Helicobacter Pylori

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11
Q

major cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers

A

Helicobacter Pylori

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12
Q

Assays used for the detection of HELICOBACTER PYLORI ANTIGENS

A

[endoscopy, -EMA]
Bacteria Cultivation
Gastric Biopsy tissue
Ureasse Biopsy tissue
Urea Breath testing

Enzyme Immunoassay [bacterial ag in feces]
Molecular tests [H. pylori DNA]
AB tests

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13
Q

which of the assays used for the detection of h. pylori antigens require the use of endoscopy?

A

Bacteria cultivation
Gastric Biopsy
Ureasse Biopsy tissue

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14
Q

which of the assays used for the detection of h. pylori antigens do not require the use of endoscopy?

A

Urea Breath testing
EIA [bacterial ag in feces]
Molecular test [h/pylori DNA]
Ab tests

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15
Q

Assays used for the detection of HELICOBACTER PYLORI ANTIBODIES

A

Ab Classes [IgG, IgA, IgM] – most used to least
ELISA

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16
Q

an infectious disease that lacks cell wall

A

Mycobacterium pneumoniae

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17
Q

Assays used for the detection of MYCOBACTERIUM PNEUMONIAE ANTIBODIES

A

[PIC-EM]
Particle agglutination
Indirect immunofluorescence
COMPLEMENT fixation

EIA
Molecular technique

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18
Q

most widely used method of antibodies detection in m. pneumoniae

A

EIA

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19
Q

used assay before but not anymore now

A

cold agglutinins [ab]

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20
Q

Pathological consequence of m.pneumoniae

A

Upper respiratory infection

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21
Q

2 distinct groups of Rickettsia [elaborate]

A
  1. Spotted fever group
    rickettsii: Rocky mountain spotted fever, tick bite
    japonica: Japanese spotted fever, tick bite
    felis: Flea-borne spotted fever, unknown
    akari: Rickettsialpox, mite bite
  2. Typus Group
    typhi: Endemic typhus, flea feces
    prowazekii: Epidemic typhus, louse feces
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22
Q

rickettsia are transmitted via? [+examples]

humans are accidental hosts for rickettsiae EXCEPT ____ [why?]

A

arthropods [ticks, mite, flea, lice]

prowazekii, epidemic typhus

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23
Q

Assays used for the detection of RICKETTSIAL ANTIBODIES

A

[well-felix, III, -EM]
Well- Felix test

Indirect fluorescent assay [IFA]
Immunoblot assays [IBA]
Immunoperoxidase assays [IPA]
Microimmunofluorescent assays [Micro-IF]

ELISA
Molecular techniques

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24
Q

Well-felix test as an assay used for the detection of rickettsial [Ab/Ag] is based on the cross-[reactivity/linking] of antibodies of rickettsial species AGAINST what? [3]

A

Ab

reactivity

Polysaccharide Antigens of OX-19
Proteus vulgaris of OX-2
Proteus mirabilis of OX-K

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25
Q

From the weil-felx reaction test, which of the rickettsial species are positive for? [elaborate]

A

1+ OX-2: rickettsia, prowazekii, typhi
4+ OX-19: rickettsia, prowazekii, typhi

4+ OX-K: tsutsugamushi

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26
Q

Syphilis is also called as

A

Great Pox
Evil Pox

French disease
Italian disease
Spanish disease

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27
Q

Syphilis is caused by?

A

Treponema Pallidum

28
Q

________: It is rapidly destroyed by heat, cold, and drying out– so they are always spread via ______.

A

Syphilis

direct contact

29
Q

Syphilis has a [few/many] proteins on cell surface that’s why it is [easy/hard] to kill by the immune system.

A

few proteins

hard

30
Q

Lesions of :
1.Primary
2.Secondary
3.Latent
4.Tertiary

A
  1. Hard chance
  2. Condylomata lata
  3. none
  4. Gumma, neurosyphilis, CVD
31
Q

which of the types of syphilis are positive in dark field microscopy utilization?

A

Primary syphilis
Secondary syphilis

32
Q

which of the types of syphilis are positive in serological test utilization?

A

Secondary syphilis
Latent Syphilis
Tertiatry Syphilis

33
Q

primary body defense against treponemal invasion

A

intact skin
mucous membranes

34
Q

Assays used for the detection of SPIROCHETES [syphilis]

w/ the use of what sample?

A

serous fluid from lesion

  1. Non-Treponemal Test [VDRL,RPR, FALSE-POSITIVE]
  2. Treponemal Test [FTA-ABS, TPI, TPHA, MHA-TP, Hemeagglutination Treponemal Test for Syphilis, Molecular Diagnostics]
35
Q

____: type of direct detection of spirochetes where reagin , an antibody to ____, is used for detection

A

Non-treponemal test

cardiolipin

36
Q

NON-TREPONEMAL
VDRL
-
-
- Read [micro/macro]scopically

IF CSF, we use ______.

Result:
Non reactive-Weakly Reactive-Reactive
= [elaborate]

A

Glass slide
Hamilton Syringe
Microscopically

Boemer agglutination slides

Non-reactive: no clumps, slight roughness
Weakly reactive: small clumps
Reactive: medium-large clumps

37
Q

Sample with weakly reactive-reactive results in VDRL Non-Treponemal test, must be tested using ___________. In which, initially, there are 2-fold dilutions of serum: _______ to _______. Sera yielding positive results for ______ dilution are titered further.

A

Quantitative Slide Test

1:2-1:32

1:32

38
Q

a modification of VDRL Non-Treponemal Test that is [less/more] sensitive

A

Rapid Plasma Reagin [RPR]

More

39
Q

-
-Read [micro/macro]scopically

A

Plastic-coated disposable card
Capillary tube or Dispestir device
Macroscopically

40
Q

False-Positive Non-Treponemal Test’s other diseases [+sub]

A

IM
LE
Malaria
Leprosy

T. pallidum sub—-
pertenue: aws
endemicum: bejel
caratenum: pinta

41
Q

used as confirmatory test for direct detection of spirochetes since it is harder to perfom

A

Treponemal Test [FTA-ABS, TPI, TPHA, MHA-TP, Hemeagglutination Treponemal Test for Syphilis, Molecular diagnostics]

42
Q

Results in:

1.FTA-ABS test
2.Treponema Pallidum Immobilization test

A
  1. FTA-ABS
    0+ - 4+ [1+ minimally reactive, 2+ reactive –up]
  2. TPI
    Doubtful: 20%-50% organism immobilized
    Negative: <20%
    Positive: >50%
43
Q

1+ minimally reactive result in TPI should be REPEATED after _____ [days/weeks]

A

1-2 WEEKS

44
Q

Treatment for Syphilis

A

Penicilin
Crystalline/Procaine penicilin [for neurosyphilis]
Doxocycline

45
Q

Lyme disease

Caused by:
Transmission:
Clinical hallmark of early rash infection:
Brain involvement:

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi

Vector borne [tick]

Erythema migrans [EM]

Neuroborreliosis

46
Q

Assays used for the detection of LYME DISEASE

CDC recommends [#] tiered approach

A
  1. IFA or EIA
  2. Western Blot – confirmation
47
Q

Salmonella

Caused by:
Transmission

A

Salmonelle enterica sub typhi

Contaminated food ingestion

48
Q

Assays used for the detection of SALMONELLA

A
  1. Culture Method
  2. Widal Test
49
Q

Widal test for Salmonella detection
– detects antibodies on px’ serum against ________, _______, _______.

Reagent:
for typhoid fever: _______
for tularemia & brucellosis: ______

Results: 0+ - 4+ [elaborate]

A

typhoid fever, tularemia, brucellosis

O and H antigens
Brucella abotus

0+- no agglutination
1+- 25%
2+- 50%
3+- 75%
4+- 100% agglutination

50
Q

Also called as:

  1. Infectious Hepatitis
  2. Post-transfusion Hepatitis
  3. Waterborne Hepatitis
A

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E

51
Q

INC. during HBV acute infection

INC. during HBV chronic infection

A

HbS AG
HbE AG

52
Q

INDICATOR OF
1. active infection

  1. virus’ active REPLICATION
    + high infectivity degree
  2. CURRENT ACUTE infection
  3. RECOVERING from HBV infection
A
  1. HbS AG
  2. HbE AG
  3. HbC AB
  4. HbE AB
53
Q

First HBV marker to appear

A

HbS AG

54
Q

HBV marker that is not detectable in serum because the _____ _____ masks it. Detectable ONLY through ____

A

HbC AG
viral envelope
biopsy

55
Q

Antibody persists for years + provide proactive immunity

A

HbS AB

56
Q

Hepatitis A:

Family: [DNA/RNA] _____
Transmission:
Progression to chronic:
Complications:

A

RNA Picor–navridiae

Fecal, oral

NO

[LOW RISK]Fulminant liver disease

57
Q

HBV Lab diagnosis

A

EIA [Enzyme Immunoassay]
CIA [Chemiluminiscent immunoassay]

58
Q

Hepatitis B:

Family: [DNA/RNA] _____
Transmission:
Progression to chronic:
Complications:

A

DNA Hepad–naviridiae

Parenteral, sexual, perinatal

YES

CHRONIC HEPATITIS,
liver cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma

59
Q

Hepatitis C:

Family: [DNA/RNA] _____
Transmission:
Progression to chronic:
Complications:

A

RNA Flavivi-ridae

Parenteral, sexual, perinatal

YES

Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
AUTOIMMUNE manifestations

60
Q

HCV Lab diagnosis

A

[SCREENING]
HCV IgG Antibody detection
1. 3rd Generation EIA
2. CIA

[CONFIRMATORY]
1. Recombinant Immunoblot Assay [RIBA]

61
Q

Hepatitis D:
–can only occur in the presence of hepatitits __ either as _______ or ________.

Family: [DNA/RNA] _____
Transmission:
Progression to chronic:
Complications:

A

B
Coinfection, Superinfection

RNA DELTAVIRUS
Parenteral #, Perinatal, HBV infection required

YES

FULMINANT hepatitis,
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma

62
Q

Confirmatory test for HCV where it detects antibodies to different hcv antigens that have been immobilized into a _________.

A

Recombinant immunoblot Assay [RIBA]

nitrocellulose strip

63
Q

HDV Lab diagnosis

A

ELISA
PCR

64
Q

HDV lab diagnosis [what assay]
1.Anti-HDV Detection

2.RNA detection

A
  1. ELISA
  2. PCR
65
Q

Hepatitis E:

Family: [DNA/RNA] _____
Transmission:
Progression to chronic:
Complications:

A

RNA Hepe-viridae

Fecal, oral

NO

Fulminant liver failure in PREGNANT WOMEN

66
Q

HEV Lab Diagnosis

A

ELISA/Western Blot/Fluorescent Assay
PCR

IMSE (3 decks)

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