Serious Assault Flashcards
Wounding with intent to cause GBH Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 188(1)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 14 years
Ingredients
- With intent to cause GBH
* ****** - to anyone
* ******* - Wounds OR Maims OR Disfigures OR causes GBH
* ******* - any person
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
With intent to cause GBH
- Intent def
- R V Mohan
- R V Waaka
- R V Taisalika
- GBH def
- DPP V Smith
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
To any one/ any person
- Person
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
Wounds
- R V Waters
Ingredients
Maims
- Maims def
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
Disfigures
- Disfigures def
2. R V Rapana and Murray
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
Causes GBH
- DPP V Smith
2. GBH def
Intent
A person does something intentionally if they mean to do it. They desire a specific result and act with the aim or purpose of achieving it.
R V Mohan
A decision to bring about, in so far as it lies within the accused powers the commission of the offence
R V Waaka
A fleeting or passing thought is not sufficient, there must be a firm intent or firm purpose to effect an act
R V Taisalika
The nature of the blow and the gash which it produced on the complainants head, would point strongly to the presence of the necessary intent
GBH
Grievous bodily harm can be defined simply as harm that is really serious
DPP V Smith
“Bodily harm needs no explanation and “grievous” means no more and no less than really serious
R V Waters
Wound
A breaking of the skin would be commonly regarded as a characteristic of a wound. The breaking of the skin will be normally evidenced by a flow of blood, and in its occurrence at the site of the blow or impact, the wound will more often than not be external but there are those cases where the bleeding which evidences the separation of tissues may be internal
Maims
Will included mutilating, crippling or disabling part of the body so victim is deprived the use of a limb or one of the senses. Needs to be some degree of permanence
Disfigures
To disfigure means to deform or deface; to mar or alter the figure or appearance of a person
R V Rapana and Murray
The word disfigure covers not only permanent damage but also temporary damage
Wounding with intent to injure Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 188(2)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 7 years
Ingredients
- With intent to cause injure anyone OR with reckless disregard for the safety of others
* ****** - Wounds OR Maims OR Disfigures OR causes GBH
* ******* - to any person
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
With intent to injure anyone
- Intent def
- R V Mohan
- R V Waaka
- R V Taisalika
- Injure def
- R V Donovan
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
with reckless disregard for the safety of others
- With reckless disregard for the safety of others def
2. R V Harney
Injure
Means to cause actual bodily harm
Section 2, Crimes Act 1961
R V Donovan
‘Bodily harm’…. includes any hurt or injury calculated to interfere with the health or comfort of the victim. It need not be permanent, but must, no doubt, be more than merely transitory and trifling
With reckless disregard for the safety of others
Acting reckless involves consciously and deliberately taking an unjustifiable risk
R V Harney
Recklessness involves foresight of dangerous consequences that could well happen, together with an intention to continue the course of conduct regardless of the risk
Injuring with intent to cause GBH Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 189(1)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 10 years
Ingredients
- With intent to cause GBH
* ****** - to anyone
* ******* - injures
* ******* - any person
Injuring with intent to injure Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 189(2)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 5 years
Ingredients
- With intent to injure OR with reckless disregard for the safety of others
* ****** - injures
* ******* - any person
Aggravated wounding (Commit/facilitate the commission) Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 191(1)(a)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 14 years
Ingredients
- With intent to commit facilitate the commission of any imprisonable offence
* ****** - Wounds OR Maims OR Disfigures OR causes GBH OR Stupefies OR renders unconscious OR by any violent means renders the person incapable of resistance
* ******* - any person
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
With intent to commit facilitate the commission of an imprisonable offence
- Intent def
- R V Waaka
- R V Mohan
- R V Taisalika
- R V Tihi
- Facilitate the commission def
- R V Sturm [191(1)(a)]
- Imprisonable offence def
- R V Wati
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
Stupefies
- R V Sturm (stupify)
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
Renders uncouncious
- renders unconcious def
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
by any violent means renders the person incapable of resistance
- any violent means def
2. R V Crossan
R V Tihi
In addition to one of the specific intents outlined in paragraphs (a), (b) or (c) it must be shown the offender either meant to cause the specified harm or foresaw that the actions undertaken by him were likely to expose others to the risk of suffering it
Facilitate the commission
To make possible or to make easy or easier
R V Sturm (191(1)(a)
under section 191(1)(a) it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove the intended crime was actually subsequently committed
Imprisonable offence
Imprisonable offence means, in the case of an individual, an offence punishable by imprisonment for life or by a term of imprisonment
R V Wati
There must be proof of the commission or attempted commision of a crime either by the person committing the assault or by the person whose arrest or flight he intends to avoid or facilitate
Aggravated wounding (avoid detection) Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 191(1)(b)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 14 years
Ingredients
- With intent to avoid detection of himself or of any other person in the commission of any imprisonable offence
* ****** - Wounds OR Maims OR Disfigures OR causes GBH OR Stupefies OR renders unconscious OR by any violent means renders the person incapable of resistance
* ******* - any person
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
With intent to avoid detection of himself or of any other person in the commission of an imprisonable offence
- Intent def
- R V Waaka
- R V Mohan
- R V Taisalika
- R V Tihi
- Avoid detection def
- Imprisonable offence def
- R V Wati
Aggravated wounding (avoid arrest/Facilitate flight) Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 191(1)(c)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 14 years
Ingredients
- With intent to avoid arrest or facilitate flight of himself or of any other person in the commission or attempted commission of any imprisonable offence
* ****** - Wounds OR Maims OR Disfigures OR causes GBH OR Stupefies OR renders unconscious OR by any violent means renders the person incapable of resistance
* ******* - any person
Ingredient - Definitions and case laws
With intent to avoid arrest or facilitate flight of himself or of any other person in the commission or attempted commission of any imprisonable offence
- Intent def
- R V Waaka
- R V Mohan
- R V Taisalika
- R V Tihi
- Facilitate flight def
- Imprisonable offence def
- R V Wati
Aggravated injuring (Commit/facilitate the commission) Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 191(2)(a)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 7 years
Ingredients
- With intent to commit facilitate the commission of any imprisonable offence
* ****** - Injures
* ******* - any person
Aggravated injuring (avoid detection) Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 191(2)(b)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 7 years
Ingredients
- With intent to avoid detection of himself or of any other person in the commission of any imprisonable offence
* ****** - Injures
* ******* - any person
Aggravated injuring (avoid arrest/Facilitate flight) Section Act Penalty Ingredients
Section: 191(2)(c)
Act: Crimes Act 1961
Penalty: 7 years
Ingredients
- With intent to avoid arrest or facilitate flight of himself or of any other person in the commission or attempted commission of any imprisonable offence
* ****** - Injures
* ******* - any person
Renders unconcious
To render a person unconscious, the offenders actions must cause the victim to lose consciousness
Any violent means
Includes the application of force which physically incapacitates a person
R V Crossan
Incapable of resistance means a powerlessness of the will as well as a physical incapacity
Avoid detection
Offences under section 191(1)(b) arises during the commission of an imprisonable where the offender causes the specified harm to prevent himself or another person from being caught in the act
Facilitate flight
To make possible or to make easy or easier
The specified harm is caused to enable the offender(s) to more easily effect their escape or prevent their capture after the commission or attempted commission of an imprisonable offence
R v Sturm (stupefies)
To “stupify” means to cause an effect on the mind or nervous system of a person, which really seriously interferes with that person’s mental or physical ability to act in any way which might hinder an intended crime