Serious and Common Adverse Effects

Question 1

What are the serious and common adverse effects of renin inhibitors?

Answer 1

• hypotension, acute renal failure, angioedema

- rash, diarrhea, cough

Question 2

What are the serious and common adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 2

• angioedema (more frequent in black patients), agranulocytosis, neutropenia
• cough, edema, hypotension, rash, gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, proteinuria

Question 3

What are the serious and common adverse effects angiotensin II receptor antagonists?

Answer 3

• rare thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis, rare angioedema

- hypotension, diarrhea, asthenia, dizziness

Question 4

What are the serious and common adverse effects of BNP?

Answer 4

• hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, renal dysfunction

- headache, confusion, somnolence, tremor, pruritis, nausea

Question 5

What are the serious and common adverse effects of vasopressin receptor 2 antagonists?

Answer 5

• atrial fibrillation
• orthostatic hypotension, hypertension, peripheral edema, injection-site reaction, hypokalemia, thirst, dyspepsia, headache, polyuria

Question 6

What are the serious and common adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 6

• metabolic acidosis, sulfonamide adverse reactions (anaphylaxis, blood dyscrasias, erythema multiforme, fulminant hepatic necrosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis)
• diarrhea, weight and appetite loss, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, paresthesia, somnolence, polyuria

Question 7

What are the serious and common adverse effects of osmotic diuretics?

Answer 7

• thrombophlebitis, acidosis, seizure, urinary retention, pulmonary edema
• hypotension, palpitaitons, fluid and/or electrolyte imbalance, diarrhea, nausea, rhinitis

Question 8

What are the serious and common adverse effects of loop diuretics?

Answer 8

• hypotension, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, pancreatitis, aplastic or hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
• volume contraction alkalosis, ototoxicity (dose-related), hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, rash, cramps, spasticity, headache, blurred vision, dyspepsia, glycosuria

Question 9

What are the serious and common adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 9

• cardiac arrhythmia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, systemic lupus erythematous
• hypotension, vasculitis, photosensitivity, electrolyte abnormalities, hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, dyspepsia, headache, blurred vision, impotence, restlessness

Question 10

What are the serious and common adverse effects of spironolactone and eplerenone?

Answer 10

• hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis, GI hemorrhage, agranulocytosis, systemic lupus erythematous, breast cancer (not established)
• gynecomastia, dyspepsia, lethargy, abnormal menstruation, impotence, rash

Question 11

What are the serious and common adverse effects of amiloride and triamterene?

Answer 11

• diseases of the hematopoietic system, nephrotoxicity (triamterene), hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis
• orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia, dyspepsia, headache