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COA - self made > Series 2 > Flashcards

Series 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Near vision may be identified on visual acuity by

A

A large V or N

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2
Q

2 ways to check near vision

A

Snellen Acuity and Jaeger Notation

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3
Q

The snellen acuity chart is meant to be viewed from ___ft. Why?

A

20ft. Because light rays from an object at 20ft are considered parallel, so no accomodation is needed.

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4
Q

BCVA

A

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

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5
Q

Higher K values (>44) are associated with __, lower K values (<42) are associated with___.

A
  1. Near sighted (myopic)
  2. far sighted (Hyperopic)
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6
Q

What is the average curvature of the cornea (in K reading)?

A

43 diopters

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7
Q

Asthenopia refers to a patient with:

A

Eye strain/eye fatigue. Typically the patient presents with non-specific complaints

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8
Q

Jaeger 1 is ____ in distance equivalence

A

20/25

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9
Q

Visual actuiy of a baby in the first month of life is ___

A

20/120

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10
Q

Convert any one of the following VA’s to it’s 20/xx equivalent:
1. 5/80
2. 10/50
3. 2/100
4. 5/120
5. 5/400

A

Get the answer by dividing the test distance into 20, then multiplying that sum with the acuity/second number.
1. 20/320
2. 20/100
3. 20/1000
4. 20/480
5. 20/1600

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11
Q

How should you test acuity of a patient with Nystagmus? Why?

A

Fog the non-testing eye (rather than occluding) with a +2.00D lens.
To blur vision rather than occluding, because nystagmus movements are more pronounced when one eye is covered, which produces an inaccurate result

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12
Q

What are the two artificially divided sections of the ciliary body?

A

Pars Plicata (anterior) and Pars Plana (posterior)

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13
Q

Inflammation of each of the following is called what?
1. Pars Plicata
2. Pars Plana
3. Iris

A
  1. Iridocyclitis
  2. Pars Planitis
  3. Iritis
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14
Q

Name the layers of the lens

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Epithelial
  3. Cortex
  4. Nucleus
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15
Q

Name the layers of the cornea

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Bowman’s Layer
  3. Stroma
  4. Descemets Membrane
    - 4.5. Pre Descemets Layer/Dua’s layer
  5. Endothelium
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16
Q

What type of cataract can be easily seen during retinoscopy?

A

Posterior Subcapsular Cataract - looks like a dark spot at the center reflex

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17
Q

Convert any 1 of the following from meters to feet:
1. 6/6
2. 6/18
3. 6/4.5
4. 6/60
5. 6/21
6. 6/9

A

Formula: divide both numbers by 3, then multiply sum by 10 on both.
1. 20/20
2. 20/60
3. 20/15
4. 20/200
5. 20/70
6. 20/30

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18
Q

A “Z87” or “Z87+” mark on a safety glasses frame means that:

A

They are rated for Basic impact (Z87) or High impact (Z87+). This means they meet ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standards for safety glasses

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19
Q

A _______ results from scraping an infected tissue to try to get a sample of the infecting agent.

A

A smear

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20
Q

The speed of ultrasound through vitreous is:

A

1532 m/s

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21
Q

a type of eye cancer that starts in your retina

A

Retinoblastoma (the most common form of eye cancer in children) can be in 1 or both eyes

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22
Q

The applanation tonometer head should be set to the _________ cylinder axis for astigmatism greater than ______.

A

minus, 3 diopters

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23
Q

Orthochromatic films are not sensitive to ____ light.

A

Red

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24
Q

Which is the maximum amount of corneal astigmatism that Intacs corneal implants can successfully treat?

A

Less than 1 diopter

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25
Q

After chalazion surgery a ________ is usually applied to prevent bleeding.

A

Pressure patch

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26
Q

Which of the following does the lacrimal sac drain into?

A

Nasolacrimal Duct

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27
Q

The colors in an OCT scan of the retina represent the _______ of the layers of the retina.

A

reflective properties

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28
Q

Increasing contrast in an image may decrease:

A

Detail

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29
Q

A patient with an ocular history of a an occluded retinal vessel may have a positive family history of:

A

Hypertension

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30
Q

Which is the long term treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Laser Peripheral Iridotomy

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31
Q

Which term means “on the same side of each eye”?

A

Homonymous

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32
Q

A condition of chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins commonly caused by staph or seborrhea is:

A

Blepharitis

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33
Q

Measure anterior chamber depth is accomplished by viewing the distance or the slit lamp reflections between:

A

The cornea and the lens

34
Q

Grade 4 angle means ___, while grade 1 angle means___

A
  1. Grade 4 being wide open
  2. Grade 1 being the narrowest opening
35
Q

What procedure is best used to treat narrow angles?

A

Laser Peripheral Iridotomy

36
Q

What are the two muscles of the iris

A

The Dilator and the Sphincter

37
Q

What does PERRLA mean?

A

Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light, Accommodation

38
Q

What is the name for pupils that are asymmetric?

A

Anisocoria

39
Q

(T or F) Anisocoria is often caused by retinal pathology?

A

False

40
Q

What does the term “ectopic” mean? (pupil examination)

A

Not centered

41
Q

How does the lens receive nourishment?

A

Aqueous Humor

42
Q

Melanin (pigment) is found in which of the following structures?

A

Iris, Choroid, and Ciliary Body

43
Q

Which muscle controls the shape of the lens?
What are the rope like fibers that connect the lens to this muscle?

A

Ciliary, Zonules.

44
Q

Which factor affects recovery time and post-op astigmatism the most after cataract surgery?

A

The size of the incision

45
Q

In which cataract procedure is the capsule left intact and removed with the lens?

A

intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE)

46
Q

Which layer of the lens lies between the capsule and the cortex?

A

Epithelium

46
Q

The term “Phaco” means:

A

Lens

47
Q

What is the refractive power of the lens?

A

About 16 diopters

48
Q

The optic nerve is ___ to the macula

A

Nasal

49
Q

The position of the macula in relation to the ONH is anatomically slightly ____

A

lower

50
Q

The specialized cells of the retina concerned with “night”or peripheral vision are the:

A

Rods

51
Q

Which electrophysiology procedure tests the function of the RPE layer?

A

Electrooculogram (EOG)

52
Q

A typical line scan (B-scan) from an OCT has about _____ individual A-scans.

A

1,000

53
Q

For foveal threshold testing, the patient looks at:

A

the center of the diamond fixation pattern

54
Q

The vertex distance is measured with a(n):

A

Distometer

55
Q

Is retinitis pigmentosa hereditary?

A

Yes

56
Q
A
57
Q

When using the binocular balancing technique, the patient is fogged by adding ___ to the final distance correction of each eye

A

+0.75

58
Q

Nerve fibers in the superior retina, do not cross the horizontal line called the:

A
59
Q

With the applanation tonometer calibration accuracy is checked at which scale readings?

A

0 2 6

60
Q

Downward markings on the gaze tracking graph line indicate what?

A
61
Q

Calibration of the applanation tonometer can be checked with what?

A

A Calibration bar

62
Q

When testing with the HFA automated perimeter, the patient can pause the test by:

A

Holding down the response button

63
Q

A ___ filter is used to accentuate blood vessels on a black-and-white image

A

Green

64
Q

How long does it take to become dark adapted?

A

30 minutes

65
Q

The GDX measures:

A

C. nerve fiber layer thickness

66
Q

Which type of diabetic retinopathy involves panretinal photocoagulation to halt neovascularization?

A

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

67
Q

Name the three structures of the Uvea/Vascular tunic

A

the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.

68
Q

Name the structure(s) of the fibrous tunic

A

Sclera and Cornea

69
Q

Name the structure(s) of the Nervous tunic

A

Retina

70
Q

What is the type of retinal detachment that occurs when a tear or break in the retina allows fluid to pass through and collect underneath it

A

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

71
Q

What is the most common type of color deficiency?

A

Red and Green

72
Q

Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects:

A

Cartilage in the joints

73
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

74
Q

What is Iridodialysis?

A

A traumatic separation between the iris root and ciliary body

75
Q

Tropicamide is a _______ drop that acts by _________muscle in the iris.

A

cycloplegic, paralyzing the sphincter

75
Q

Phenylephrine is a _______ drop that acts by ___________ muscle of the iris.

A

mydriatic, stimulating the dilator

76
Q

The first step in lensometry is to:

A

Adjust the eyepiece for your eye

77
Q

In “with-the-rule” astigmatism, the minus cylinder axis is at or near ___. Against-the-rule astigmatism has the minus cylinder axis at or near ___ degrees. Oblique astigmatism has an axis at an oblique angle, such as ___ degrees.

A
  1. 180
  2. 90
  3. 45
78
Q
A

COA - self made (4 decks)

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