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Series 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A patient has high IOP from getting hit in the eye - what type of glaucoma does this patient have?

A

Secondary

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2
Q

What is the best explanation for why a patient would have an enucleation?

A

They sustained severe eye trauma

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3
Q

The name for a cornea transplant - an operation to remove all or part of a damaged cornea and replace it with healthy donor tissue.

A

Keratoplasty

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4
Q

Name the difference between recession and resection

A

Resection shortens the muscle or tendon, while recession reattaches the muscle farther back on the eye (it recedes it back).

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5
Q

PAM is used for

A

seeing what a patient’s vision will be without media opacities

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6
Q

How does a trabeculectomy decrease IOP?

A

It increases the area where fluid can drain to (a bleb)

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7
Q

What is a focal laser treatment called, and what is it used for?

A

also known as photocoagulation, is a procedure that uses a laser to treat macular edema (a swelling in the retina that can cause vision loss)

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8
Q

What is the normal BP range?

A

90/60 - 120/80 mmHg

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9
Q

What is the normal breathe rate?

A

12-18 breaths per min

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10
Q

What is the normal pulse range?

A

60-100 BPM

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11
Q

What is normal body tempurature?

A

97.8-99.1F

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12
Q

___ is a chronic non-infection granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland

A

Chalazion

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13
Q

_____ is an acute inflammation of the sebaceous glands on the lid margin (the glands of zeis)

A

external hordeolum

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14
Q

___ is an acute inflammation that resides in the meibomian glands

A

internal hordeolum

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15
Q

Inflammation of the sclera

A

Scleritis

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16
Q

Name the two types of AMD. What percent do each type cover in cases?

A

Non-Exudative (dry) Age Related Macular Degeneration (NEARMD), occurs in 85-90% of cases. Exudative (wet/neovascular) Age Related Macular Degeneration (EARMD), occurs in 10-15% of cases.

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17
Q

What is a blowout fracture?

A

A break in the bony orbital floor walls

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18
Q

What is Diabetic Retinopathy?

A

Leaky blood vessels due to high blood sugar. *May cause new blood vessel growth, which would be Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

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19
Q

What is the best method of treatment for HSV Keratitis, and what treatment can worsen the spread of ulceration?

A

Viroptic topical treatment and antiviral systemic treatment (Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Valgancyclovir etc.). Steroids worsen.

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20
Q

Where the eyes shake back and forth

A

Nystagmus

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21
Q
  1. A ___ is a small, raised, white- or yellow-colored growth that is limited to the conjunctiva
  2. A ___, also known as surfer’s eye, is a raised, wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva that extends onto the cornea
A
  1. Pinguecula
  2. Pterygium
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22
Q

___ is created by the ___ and drains through the ___

A

Aquaeous Humor, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork

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23
Q

___ is an opaque ring that forms around the eye after age 50

A

Arcus senilis

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24
Q

___ is inflammation of the eyelid

A

Blepharitis

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25
Q

A ___ is an ophthalmic emergency characterized by the sudden blockage of the central retinal artery, the primary blood vessel supplying the retina. This occlusion leads to rapid and severe vision loss in the affected eye

A

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

*Some studies suggest to detectable retinal damage if blood flow restores 60-90 minutes; partial recovery may be possible if restored within 240 minutes.

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26
Q

___ is a vision disorder in which your eyes can’t point inward together when looking at close-up objects

A

Convergence insufficiency

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27
Q
  1. ___ is a turning of the eyelid margin away from the eye
  2. ___ is a turning of the eyelid margin inward towards the eye - which can cause severe irritation from ___
A
  1. ectropion, 2. entropion, trichiasis
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28
Q

___ A forward position of the eyes. Occurs in ___

A

Exophthalmos, graves disease

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29
Q

What is best diagnosed by hallmark dendritic (branch like) figure staining when observed with flourescein

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

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30
Q

___ - blood pooled in the anterior chamber.

A

Hyphema

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31
Q

____ is a medical condition involving inflammatory cells (pus) in the anterior chamber of the eye

A

Hypopyon

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32
Q

___ is inflammation of the iris

A

Iritis

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33
Q

What is a condition in which blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body.

A

Ischemia

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34
Q

Inflammation of the cornea

A

Keratitis

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35
Q

What is the fancy medical term for dry eye syndrome

A

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

36
Q

Drooping of the upper eyelid

37
Q

________ are associated with conditions that cause stasis of blood flow (diabetes, hypertension, glaucoma etc.) and can present as painless vision loss and signs can be CWS or Flame hemes in one quadrant (BRVO) or 360 (CRVO).

A

Retinal Vein Occlusion’s

38
Q

What is the lack of three dimensional perception

A

Stereoblindness

39
Q

What is the function of three dimensional perception (depth perception)

A

Stereopsis

40
Q

When the eyes are out of alignment

A

Strabismus

*When the foveas of both eyes are not focused at the same point, double vision occurs. Strabismus is broken down into which deviation it is, and whether or not it is continually present, or only present when one of the eyes are covered.

41
Q
  1. ____ is a continual manifestation of a deviation
  2. ____ is when the deviation is only present when one eye is covered
A
  1. Tropia
  2. Phoria
42
Q

What is an infected lesion of the cornea

43
Q

What is the most common type of conjunctivitis. What is it’s telltale sign?

A
  1. viral
  2. typically starts in one eye then moves to the other
44
Q

What is the difference between Pataday and Lastacaft?

A

Lastacaft is only an antihistamine, pataday is an antihistamine and mast cell inhibitor combo.

45
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

Conjunctivitis

46
Q

What drop has a purple cap?

A

Brimonidine

47
Q

What drop has a Teal cap

A

Prostaglandins - Latanoprost (xalatan), travaprost (travatan), bimatoprost (lumigan)

48
Q

What is the generic for Lumigan

A

bimatoprost

49
Q

What drop has an orange cap?

A

Dorzolamide (Trusopt), brinzolamide (Azopt)

50
Q

What drops have a grey cap?

A

NSAIDS - ketorolac

51
Q

What drop has a dark blue cap?

A

Cosopt/Dorzolamide-Timolol AND Combigan/brimonidine-timolol

52
Q

What is “injection”

A

enlargement of the blood vessels due to increased blood flow on the conjunctiva

53
Q

Name the difference between suspensions and solutions

A

A solution is when the drug is dissolved into liquid form. A suspension is a drop that contains small particles of a drug floating in the liquid, undissolved

54
Q

Which conjunctivitis affects the upper tarsal conjunctiva - giving it a cobblestone appearance?

A

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis

55
Q

What is the result of bleeding between the conjunctiva and sclera?

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

56
Q

The___ is underneath the conjunctiva and it is the vascular, outermost layer of the sclera.

57
Q

___ IS an indentation tonometer, used to measure the IOP by measuring the depth produced on the surface of the cornea by a load of a known weight. The indentation is related to the IOP.

58
Q

What is chemosis?

A

Swelling of the conjunctiva

59
Q

Worldwide, the most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis is:

60
Q

The episclera joins _______, which is the tissue that lines each of the extraocular muscles.

A

the tenons capsule

61
Q

A pinguecula is thought to be caused by:

A

exposure to ultraviolet light

62
Q

The term “purulent” means:

A

pus containing

64
Q

Mucin cells are produced by what

A

Goblet cells in the conjunctiva

65
Q

Name the three layers that make up tears

A

Lipid, aqueous, mucin

66
Q

What test is used to count and examine endothelial cells

A

A specular microscope

67
Q

The acronym “TSNIT” stands for:

A

temporal-superior-nasal-inferior-temporal

68
Q

Patients diagnosed with acute angle closure glaucoma usually have:

A

A shallow anterior chamber

69
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in the US

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

70
Q

Which is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the US

A

Hepatitis C

71
Q

The diastolic blood pressure reading refers to:

A

The blood pressure reading when the heart is at rest (the bottom number)

72
Q

The acronym BC stands for?

A

Base curve

73
Q

What qualifies as legal blindness

A

a visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with corrective lenses, or having tunnel vision that limits the field of vision to 20 degrees or less.

74
Q

After traveling through the vitreous, what is the first layer of the retina that light passes through?

A

retina(stimulation of rods and cones

75
Q

Which CN innervates the lateral rectus?

76
Q

The total width of a normal monocular visual field is:

A

150 degrees

77
Q

Which tissue(s) cover(s) the optic nerve?

A

Three layers of meninges: the pia, arachnoid, and dura mater.

78
Q

When using the potential acuity meter (PAM), the patient is asked to:

A

read a chart of letters

79
Q

Which type of cataract can be easily seen while performing retinoscopy?

80
Q

Oxygenated blood is pumped through the aorta from the:

A

Left ventricle

81
Q

An OCT circle scan around the optic nerve is used to generate a ______ map.

82
Q

Which slit lamp viewing technique would you use to accentuate surface details and to create shadows for depth clues?

A

Tangential

83
Q

When reading add power on the lensometer, one can take the difference between the single line target distance reading and the:

A

Single line bifocal reading

84
Q

It is the history takers job to:

A

guide the interview

85
Q

The degree of stereo perception is a function of:

A

the angle of parallax

COA - self made (4 decks)

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