SERA Flashcards
Approaching head-on
Both aircraft should alter course to the right
Converging
a) Air
b) Ground
a) Give way to the aircraft on the right unless it’s of lower manoeuvrability class
Order of manoeuvrability: power driven heavier than air airships sailplanes balloons Aircraft towing sailplane = sailplane
b) head on: stop or alter course right
Overtaking: keep well clear
Give way to right
Ground movements
Give way in order:
Emergency vehicles
aircraft taxiing, taking off, landing
vehicles towing
vehicles
Overtaking (air)
From behind greater than 70 degrees behind the wing line (won’t see Nav lights)
A/C overtaking must do so to the right
A/C being overtaken has right of way
Taxiing
Unless explicit clearance given:
Stop at all runway stop signs
Stop at all lighted stop bars
Aerodrome traffic
All turns Left unless specified.
Green flag displayed indicates RH circuit.
Red/Yellow arrow pointing RH direction
Lighting
Anti-collisions (day and night)
Navigation lights / mark aircraft extremities
Engine running lights
Simulated IF
Only if dual controls with a safety pilot and an additional observer if poor visibility from safety pilot’s seat.
Flight plans
When is one required?
What time window?
1) flight requiring ATC service
2) IFR in advisory airspace (airspace where ATC provide advisory service - deconfliction between IFR flights)
3) Operating in airspace which Authority has set up to facilitate inter-state or military coordination
4) Operating in airspace/routes/areas which Authority has set up for FIS, alerting, Search and rescue
5) Night, leaving vicinity of aerodrome
60 mins prior to flight (off the blocks)
ATC DLA message filed up to 30 mins late
>30 mins late, cancel and file new flight plan with ATC.
airborne: request > 10 mins prior to desired entry to CAS.
Advised if
1) operating over sea >10nm from coast
2) over terrain where search and rescue would be difficult
3) if entering areas of active search and rescue operations
Abbreviated flight plans
R/T call
Filed by telephone or RTF airborne.
“C/S, Request to file airborne Flight Plan”
Minimum
C/S, Aircraft type, point of entry, point of exit, level
C/S and Type Position, Heading, Level Flight conditions Departure AD ET of entry Route Destination True Airspeed Desired Level
Alerting service
If flight plan filed, when is overdue action taken?
if flight plan submitted, destination aerodrome will begin alerting process if aircraft does not arrive within 30 mins of expected ETA.
If you divert, ensure ATSU notifies original destination to avoid overdue action.
Minimum operating heights
VFR (SERA.5005)
IFR (SERA.5015)
Unless landing/taking off:
VFR
Congested areas, settlements; 1,000ft above highest obstacle within 600m or glide clear, whichever is higher.
Where no obstacles exist, MSD 500ft bubble from ground/water/obstacles.
IFR
State defined Min IFR altitude / FL if exists
(UK 1,000ft above obstacles within 5nm unless <3000amsl COCISS + 800m vis - rotary?)
or:
Mountainous terrain (change 3,000ft <10nm) 2,000ft above obstacles within 8km
Non-mountainous; 1,000ft above obstacles within 8km
VMC Minima EU / UK
Class A,B,C,D,E,F,G: 8km 1,000ft, 1500m
10,000 AMSL
Class A,B,C,D,E: 5km (MAA 8km above 250kts) 1,000ft, 1500m
Below 3000 AMSL or 1,000 AGL
Class A,B,C,E: 5km (MAA 8km above 250kts), 1,000ft, 1500m
Class D: 5km (MAA Above 250kts, 8km), 1,000ft 1,500m
Day, below 140kts, 5km (1500m rotary) COCISS
Class F,G: 5km COCISS
(MAA) >250kts 1,500m horizontally
(MAA) >140kts, 500ft vertically clear in UKLFS (<2,000 AGL)
Day <140kts, COCISS, 1500m vis
Minimum weather for VFR flight to an ATZ
b) SVFR minima
a) 1,500ft cloud base, 5km vis
b) SVFR clearance (600ft base, 1,500m <140kts)
VFR flight
SERA.
No transonic or supersonic.
Not above FL195 unless reserved airspace
Not above FL285 if RVSM above.
Above 3000 AGL or as specified nationally, fly VFR cruising levels (UK not mandatory, IFR levels are advised even if VFR 1.2.1.4)
Special VFR
a) why?
b) Flight plan?
c) Base weather and speed limits
d) separation / min heights
Unable to comply with IFR requirements (eg. light aircraft without equipment)
Flight Plan not required (UK) but ATC should be notified of details/routing.
Base requirements: COCISS Less than or equal to 140kts min vis 1,500m (aeroplane) min vis 800m (rotary)
Weather:
Cloudbase 600ft
Higher speeds or poorer weather if authorised by ATC?
Must obey glide clear / min separation from congested areas / 500ft rule.
UK line features
no longer a rule but sensible to follow.
Fly down the RHS of feature
1st pilot in LHS can see it more easily
Separation service by ATC Class C
a) IFR/VFR
b) requirements to enter
a) IFR separated from all
VFR separated from IFR, Traffic info on VFR
b) clearance, radio 2-way
Separation service by ATC Class D
a) IFR/VFR
b) requirements to enter
a) IFR separated from IFR, Traffic info on VFR
VFR traffic info on IFR and VFR
b) clearance, 2 way comms
c) 250kts speed limit below 10,000ft
Separation service by ATC Class E
a) IFR/VFR
b) requirements to enter
a) IFR separated from IFR, Traffic on VFR but can’t be garuanteed
VFR traffic info on IFR and other cooperating VFR
b) no clearance required
Light signals (ground)
Steady green = cleared to take off
Flashing green = cleared to taxi
Steady Red = stop
Flashing red = clear runway/taxiway
Flashing white = return to starting point on aerodrome
ack = waggle ailerons or rudder
Light signals (air)
Steady green = cleared to land
Flashing green = return for landing (steady green to follow)
Steady red = give way, continue circling until steady green
Flashing red = aerodrome unfit, proceed elsewhere
flashing white = land here
Ack = flash landing or nav lights twice
