Ser - Estar - Haber

Question 1

Impersonal expression to indicate OBLIGATION or NECESSITY

Ex: one must work a lot to live better

Answer 1

Haber que + Infinitivo

Hay que trabajar mucho para vivir mejor.

Question 2

Alternative form to express necessity and obligation (using haber)

Ex: There is homework to do.
Ex2: There were oranges to pick(cut).
Ex3: There is going to be work to do

Answer 2

Haber + sustantivo (noun) + que + infinitivo

1: Hay tarea que hacer.
2: Hubo naranjas que cortar.
3: va a haber trabajo que realizar.

Question 3

Express possibility in the PRESENT (only)

Ex1: I May be sick because i have a headache.
Ex2: He might be tired.
Ex3: they might be the new teachers.

Answer 3

(Conjugate)
Haber en presente + de + infinitivo

Ej1: yo he de estar enferma porque me duele la cabeza.
Ej2: Él ha de estar cansado.
Ej3: Ellos han de ser los maestros nuevos.

Note it is ha for he or she but “hay que” for necessity: one must or it is necessary.

Question 4

Haber to express climate (can also use hacer)

Ex1: in January it is very cold in Guatemala.
Ex2: Last year it was very windy.
Ex3: Tomorrow at noon it is going to be very hot.

Answer 4

HABER: Hay, Hubo, Va a haber
(Hacer: hace, hizo, va a hacer)

1: En enero hay mucho frío en Guatemala.
2: El año pasado hubo mucho viento.
3: Mañana va a haber mucho calor a mediodía

Question 5

The verb HABER is used to express…

Answer 5

Existence (only is 3rd person singular without a definite subject. (¿Hay café?)
Need or necessity
Possibility (in present tense only)
Climate

Question 6

The verb SER is used to express…

Answer 6

Nationality and origin (w/ preposition de)
Possession or belonging
Event locations 
Material (made of)
Identification 
Characteristics and description 
Profession
Time,  hour, days dates

Question 7

The verb ESTAR is used to express…

Answer 7

Location
Position (standing (está parado, sitting…)
Temp.  condition (la café está caliente)
Physical, emotional, mental state
Action in progress (Estoy estudiando)

Question 8

Explain why some adjectives can be used with either ser or estar
Ex1: Juan es listo.
Ex2 Juan está listo.

Answer 8

1: To express characteristics
Juan is smart.
2: To express condition
Juan is ready.