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POLI 321 > September 2017 > Flashcards

September 2017 Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of Canadian political representation

A
  • member of provincial territorial legislature
  • member of parliament
  • senator
  • local level of government
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2
Q

Queen’s representatives

A

Federal level: Governor General

Provincial level: Lieutenant Governor

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3
Q

Why is Canada still a constitutional monarchy

A

we are connected to the queen

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4
Q

Currency of politics

A

power

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5
Q

3 types of power

A
  • authority
  • charismatic
  • bureaucratic
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6
Q

Canadian federation consists of

A

eleven sovereign states

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7
Q

Provincial jurisdiction

A
  • health policy
  • education
  • the stock market
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8
Q

The main cleavages of Canadian politics

A
  • geography
  • ethnicity
  • ideology
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9
Q

Political cultures

A
  • different attitudes towards authority, community, distribution of wealth, mutual obligations, and other political beliefs
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10
Q

Federation

A

Canada sees its power divided geographically among 10 provinces and 3 territories

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11
Q

Federal jurisdiction

A
  • military
  • foreign affairs
  • banking
  • criminal
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12
Q

Join jurisdiction

A
  • environment
  • agriculture
  • relations with indigenous peoples
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13
Q

Ideology refers to

A

the core beliefs that different groups of citizens hold about the way power should be distributed or exercised

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14
Q

Left wing view

A
  • economic: state involvement

- social: social inclusion

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15
Q

Right wing view

A
  • economic: market economy

- traditional values

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16
Q

Traditional social democracy

A
  • democratic reform
  • expansion of welfare state
  • progressive taxation
  • inclusive society
  • avoidance of armed conflict
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17
Q

Third-way social democracy

A
  • harness capitalism to benefit more people
  • equality of right
  • individual responsibility, human security
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18
Q

Business liberalism

A
  • economic matters
  • free trade
  • balanced budget
  • debt reduction
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19
Q

Welfare liberalism

A
  • use of market economy to benefit more people
  • individual social rights
  • strong social welfare states
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20
Q

Neoliberalism

A
  • fiscal focus
  • freer markets
  • small government
  • deregulation of private industry activities
  • cutting of government programs
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21
Q

Neoconservatism

A
  • favours government policies and programs that -
    promote traditional values
  • anti crime, pro military
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22
Q

Red tories

A
  • prioritize social issues over economic ones
  • more supportive of welfare programs
  • more inclusive
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23
Q

Blue tories

A
  • economic matters over social matters

- government supports private industry

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24
Q

Centralization

A
  • federal government has authority to impose common standards
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25
Q

Decentralization

A
  • preserve provincial autonomy
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26
Q

The constitution

A
  • consists of both written and unwritten rules
  • a courts highest law
  • a set of guideposts for normal political behaviour
  • a touchstone during a time of crisis
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27
Q

Parliamentary Democracy

A
  • liberal democracy
  • representative democracy
  • constitutional monarchy
  • responsible government
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28
Q

Liberal Democracy

A
  • Rule of Law
  • Individual and group rights
  • Political/democratic rights –> right to vote and run for office
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29
Q

Representative Democracy

A
  • you elect someone, and trust they know whats best for you for the next four years
30
Q

Constitutional Monarchy

A
  • ultimate sovereignty rests with the crown
  • represented federally by Governor General and provincially by Lieutenant Governor
  • Serves primarily as symbolic representatives of Canada
31
Q

Responsible Government

A
  • at all times, a majority of the people’s elected representatives present in the legislature must support the government
32
Q

Constitutional Order

A
  • the body of written and unwritten rules that govern all laws of Canada
33
Q

Royal Proclamation of 1763

A
  • a British document setting out the terms of European settlement in North America following the Seven Years’ War.
34
Q

Treaties

A
  • opened up Aboriginal land to new settlement in Western Canada
  • terms and legitimacy disputes
35
Q

Two Row Wampum Belt

A
  • has come to symbolize the right to self-government
36
Q

Constitutional Conventions

A
  • unwritten rule based on custom that binds political actors to adhere to the traditions of the constitutional order
37
Q

Rule of law

A
  • citizens, corporation,s interest groups, and other Canadian governments can challenge the authority of government decisions
38
Q

Bill of Rights, 1960

A
  • federal law detailing Canadian rights and freedoms vis-a-vis the federal government
39
Q

The notwithstanding clause

A
  • permits legislature to pass laws that breech certain rights and freedoms
40
Q

Reasonable limits clause

A
  • allows governments to pass laws that would contravene rights and freedoms but which are necessary to protect other democratic norms
41
Q

Oakes Test

A
  • a model employed by the court to weigh the democratic benefits and assess the constitutionality of a law that breaches certain Charter Rights
42
Q

Charter Poliices

A
  • Canadian governments were abusing human rights under the guise of parliamentary supremacy (residential school systems
43
Q

Executive

A
  • implements and enforces legislation

- often the strongest branch of government

44
Q

Formal Executive

A
  • supreme authority vested in the monarch (crown) and the monarch’s representatives
45
Q

Head of State

A
  • highest ranking figure in a sovereign state serves foremost as ceremonial representative (currently Queen Elizabeth II)
46
Q

Prerogative authority

A
  • grants final say to head of state on any manner not addressed in the constitution
47
Q

Political Executive

A
  • members of cabinet who act on behalf of the monarch to oversee government activities and who are accountable to the legislature
48
Q

Prime Minister

A
  • leader of the party that controls the House of Commons
49
Q

Premier

A
  • head of the political party that controls a provincial legislature
50
Q

Prime Ministers Office

A
  • all significant decisions in the federal government go through the Prime Minister’s Office
51
Q

Power of the first minister constrained by

A
  • constitutions
  • balancing of preferences within their party, caucus, and cabinet
  • media and public opinion
52
Q

Privy Council

A
  • body of prominent federal politicians and officials that typically advise the governor general
53
Q

Cabinet

A
  • leaders of the jpolitical executive, consisting of the sitting prime minister and ministers
54
Q

Cabinet is responsible for

A
  • initiating legislation and regulations
  • controlling public finances by introducing money bills
  • organizing the functioning of the legislative business
    handling intergovernmental and international busiensss
55
Q

Minister of state

A
  • leadership over a particular policy area
56
Q

Parliamentary secretary

A
  • assist ministers with ministerial duties
57
Q

Cabinet Shuffle

A
  • change in the composition of the governments political executive between elections
58
Q

Backbenchers

A
  • members of the legislative assembly with no cabinet responsibilities
59
Q

Shadowcabinet

A
  • a group of opposition party members responsible for holding minsters of the crown to account for their actions
60
Q

Permanent Executive

A
  • senior bureaucrats who transmit directives from the political executive to the bureaucracy and who manage staff under the supervision of a minister
61
Q

Bureaucracy

A
  • employees at all levels of government who at the direction of the public service executive implement public policy
62
Q

Executive Accountability

A
  • In Canada, political elites are held to account through the concept and conventions of the responsible government
  • political executives must maintain the confidence of the legislature
63
Q

Confidence convention

A
  • government must relinquish power when it loses a critical legislative vote
64
Q

Reform Act, 2015

A
  • requires each party’s newly elected caucus to vote on whether they will follow the new caucus parameters during the life of the parliament
65
Q

Democratic deficit

A
  • disconnect between people’s expectations of how democratic institutions and members represent them and actual representation
66
Q

Clerk of the privy council

A
  • serves at the deputy minister to the prime minister and leader of the council of deputy ministers
67
Q

Deputy Minsiter

A
  • counterpart of the minister
  • responsible for a portfolio
  • top bureaucrat and functional head of a department
68
Q

Associate and assistant deputy ministers

A
  • subject matter experts
69
Q

Bureaucracy consists of three main types of organizations

A
  • central agencies
  • line department
  • agencies, boards, and commissions
70
Q

Central Agencies

A
  • coordinate policy across government –> horizontal departments
71
Q

Line department

A
  • focus on program and service delivery under specific policy portfolios - vertical departments
72
Q

Agencies, boards, and commissions

A
  • provide programs and services at arms length from government

POLI 321 (3 decks)

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