September 2014 Flashcards
Which of the following would be representative of a linear dose-response relationship?
A. The response is directly proportional to the dose of radiation.
B. The response is inversely proportional to the dose of radiation.
C. A minimum dose is required for demonstration of effects.
D. No minimum dose is required for demonstration of effects.
A
Which of the following will effectively reduce radiation exposure to personnel?
A. Time. D. A & B
B. Distance. E. A,B,&C
C. Shielding
E
A radiation weighting factor is used in calculations to weigh the effectiveness of different types of X-rays. What is the weighting factor for diagnostic X-rays?
A. 1 C. 10
B. 3 D. 500
A
According to NCRP Report No. 93, _________ is/are the largest artificial source contributor to the average annual effective dose equivalent in the U.S.
A. Occupational exposure
B. Diagnostic x-rays
C. Nuclear Medicine exams
D. Tobacco products
B
Filtration built in the X-ray tube will:
A. Improve the radiographic quality of the image
B. Remove short wavelength photons
C. Reduce “hardening” of the beam
D. Reduce exposure to the patient’s skin
D
Which of the following would be affected the most from an external source of high L.E.T. Radiation (Alpha)?
A. Skin C. Nervous tissue
B. Bone marrow D. Muscle
A
A definition for attenuated is:
A. Photons the enter an object
B. Photons that remain in the beam after it passes through the object
C. Photons that have been absorbed or deviated from their path
D. Photons produced at the anode
C
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of the acute radiation syndrome:
A. Prodromal C. Latent period
B. Manifest illness D. Hematopoietic
D
The greatest skin dose would be produced by using a _______ for an x-ray exam.
A. High kilovoltage technique C. Short OID
B. Low milliamperage technique D. Short SID
D
To reduce the amount of scattered radiation produced, which of the following could be done by the radiographer?
A. Increase kVp and mAs C. Use a grid
B. Decrease kVp and increase mAs D. Use a small focal spot
B
An exposure of 10 rad of x-ray to an individual would result in a dose of :
A. 1 rem C. 10 rem
B. 5 rem D. 100 rem
C
A ________ dose-response curve indicates that there is no safe dose of radiation.
- Linear non-threshold
- Non-linear threshold
- Non-linear non-threshold
A. 1 only C. 1&2
B. 2 only D. 1&3
D
Which of the following is a method of radiation protection that results in higher contrast?
A. Use of grids
B. Collimation
C. Use of low kVp, high mAs factors
D. All of the above
B
Which of the following types of radiation monitoring devices can provide the fastest means of determining radiation exposure?
A. Film badge C. White blood cell count
B. Thermoluminescent dosimeter D. Pocket ion chamber
D
Which of the following describes a protracted dose of radiation?
A. One dose given at once
B. Dose delivered continuously, but at a low dose rate
C. A low dose divided into equal fractions separated by time periods
D. None of the above
B
If a patient asks a radiographer about the risk of radiation exposure from a radiographic procedure, the radiographer should:
A. Answer the question honestly using examples the patient can understand
B. Avoid the patient’s question
C. Tell the patient it is unethical to discuss the issue
D. Refuse to answer the question and recommend they talk with their doctor
A
Cells in an oxygenated or aerobic state will possess _________ radio-sensitivity than the same type cells in a low oxygenated or hypoxia state.
A. Higher C. The same
B. Lower
A
Employers must provide personnel monitoring whenever it is likely that the workers would exceed __________ rem in a given year.
A. .5 C. 5
B. 1.25 D. 15
A
If a radiographer stands 2 feet from an x-ray source and receives an exposure rate of 3 mR per hour, what would the exposure rate be if they were to stand 6 feet from the source?
A. .33 mR C. 1.3 mR
B. .66 mR D. 3.1 mR
A
Reference to the “doubling dose” would be in regards to the:
A. Acute radiation syndrome
B. Short term effects of radiation
C. Long term somatic effects of radiation
D. Long term genetic effects of radiation
D
In determination of a protective barrier for radiographic room, the occupancy factor would express:
A. mA-minutes per week
B. Amount of time the beam is directed at the barrier
C. The amount of time that an area may be occupied by a given individual
D. Energy of the radiation utilized
C
A recoil electron is produced by:
A. Compton effect
B. Photoelectric effect
C. Pair production
D. Coherent scatter
A
The mA, timer, and kVp on an x-ray generator should be checked at least every __________ according to NCRP Report #99.
A. Month
B. Three months
C. Year
D. Two years
C
The focal track of the anode is usually made of:
A. Molybdenum C. Tungsten
B. Copper D. Gadolinium
C