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Adult Language Disorders > September 17 - Scholarship and Survey > Flashcards

September 17 - Scholarship and Survey Flashcards

1
Q

Aphemia

A

Reduced Vocabulary and speechless

Distinguished by Broca from amnesia;

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2
Q

Amensia

A

Loss of the association between idea and words

Distinguished by Broca from amnesia;

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3
Q

Hughling Jackson

A

Propositionality - When we use language for meaningful purpose its not the loss of the word, its the loss of communication

Superior & inferior languages
Superior = communication language
Inferior = Social words, rote language

Verbal apraxia as a discrete deficit
Anatomical hierarchy of motor functions

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4
Q

Wepman

A

Refined definition of aphasia - its not only a language impairment but affects the entire personality

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5
Q

Wernicke

A

Storage for auditory images

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6
Q

Schuell

A

Theory that no longer exists

Group 1 = simple aphasia - most potential for recovery
Group 2 = aphasia is complicated by “central involvement of visual processes”
Group 3 = simple aphasia + sensorimotor involvement
Group 4 = simple aphasia + visual involvement and dysarthria
Group 5 = Global aphasia

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7
Q

Syndrome

A

Group of findings occurring together with sufficient frequency suggests the presence of a disease process

Variability, inexactness, and incompleteness

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8
Q

Exact Syndrome

A

Rare in aphasia as in any medical disorder

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9
Q

Dorsal-Lateral Prefrontal Symptoms

A

Abstract thinking impairment
Impaired ability for multiple information
Failure to shift from a situation
Impaired error utilization - lack of self-criticism
Rigidity in problem solving

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10
Q

Orbitofrontal Cortex Symptoms

A

Typically associated with TBI and tumors

Altered personality/social behaviors

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11
Q

Medial Prefrontal Lobe Symptoms

A

Behavior cessation
Akinetic-Mutism - a condition of altered consciousness marked by patient appearing alert but silent and immobile; retain sleep/wake cycles; inattention
Abulia

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12
Q

Abulia

A

A lack of motivation/desire to perform a task or movement; procrastination

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13
Q

Inferior Parietal lobule (D)

A

Damage to the dominant (left) side causes:

Gerstmann Syndrome - agraphia, acalculia, R/L confusion, & finger agnosia
Aphasia and Acalculia

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14
Q

Inferior Parietal lobule (ND)

A

Damage to the non-dominant (right) side causes:

Anosognosia - disease denial
R/L discrimination - spatial neglect of
More serious in ND lesion
Impaired expression and processing of emotions, sarcasm, humor, and idioms

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15
Q

Superior Parietal lobule Bilateral Syndrome

A

Lateralization doesn’t affect this part

Damage here causes:

Cortical sensory integration
Astereognosis
Agraphesthesia
Stimulus oritentation

Orientation/Space/Location
Reading maps/identifying landmarks
Constructional Apraxia

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16
Q

Temporal Syndrome - Hearing Impairments (bilateral)

A

Lesion needs to be bilateral

17
Q

Temporal Syndrome - Central Processing Deficits

A

Affects language processing, often in people with LDs, specifically auditory learning

18
Q

Temporal Syndrome - Verbal Memory

A

Left medial temporal lesions

Verbal memory is always in the left (dominant) hippocampal gyrus and parahippocampal

19
Q

Temporal Syndrome - Nonverbal Memory

A

Right medial temporal lesions

Music goes to the right side

20
Q

Aphasia

A

Occurs if lesion is on the left side

Paragrammatism (same as Wernicke's)
Word Deafness (bilateral temporal damage)
21
Q

Temporal Syndrome - Bilateral Medial Lesions

A

Loss of new learning and recent memory

Anosmia - pyriform dysfunctions

22
Q

Anosmia

A

Inability to smell

23
Q

Temporal Syndrome - Delerium

A

TEMPORARY and reversible confusion due to anoxia

24
Q

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Visual Agnosia

A

Visual agnosia - impairment in recognition of visually presented objects

25
Q

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Simultanagnosia

A

Combining a bunch of visual stimuli

ex. cheeks, lips, hair, eyes = face

26
Q

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Prosopagnosia

A

Can’t recognize people you should (family)

Dominant temporal-occipital lobe - facial recognition brings in emotion = limbic system

27
Q

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Color Agnosia

A

Dominant temporal-occipital lobe

Visual hallucinations

28
Q

Occipital Lobe Syndromes - Alexia without Agraphia

A

Person can’t read, but can write

29
Q

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model

A

A model based on Associative-connective model that says all association areas are connected to the network of fibers. Non-limbic association dependence.

4 Areas of the Brain

Angular Gyrus = Converts graphemes to phonological representations

Wernicke’s Area = Signal initiation in arcuate fasciculus

Broca’s Area = Appropriate atric program activation

Arcuate Fasciculus = Connects B’s and W’s

30
Q

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Rating

A

8 speech/language features :

  1. Articulatory agility
  2. Phrase length
  3. Grammatical forms
  4. Melodic line-prosody
  5. Word finding relative to fluency
  6. Paraphasia in running speech
  7. Sentence repetition
  8. Auditory Comprehension
31
Q

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Neurolinguistic Explanations

A 
Spontaneous Speech
Repetition
Comprehension of Speech
Comprehension of Printed Material
Gestural Response
32
Q

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Spontaneous Speech

A

Idea generation and linguistic formulation

Lexical selection: midtemporal/parietal lobe

Coded sentences (phonology/semantics/grammar) projection to premotor cortex - Broca’s area

Coding into movement sequence - Broca’s area changes all these codes into movement sequences

Movement sequences pattern to corticonuclear fibers for activating articulators

Regulated by cranial nerves

33
Q

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Repetition

A

Arcuate fasciculus circuitry function

Perception and discrimination of stimuli in the primary auditory cortex

Coded message projection to W’s area for meaning extraction

Coded message to B’s area

Transcoding in motor movements

34
Q

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Comprehension of Speech

A

Occurs in the Primary Auditory Cortex

Wernicke’s area - Associative language cortex

Inferior parietal lobe - integration of prior knowledge

35
Q

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Comprehension of Printed Material

A

Starts in the Visual cortex

Visual association cortex

Mid temporal and occipitotemporal area - meaning extraction and object recognition

Angular Gyrus - cross modality integration of auditor image for reading aloud

36
Q

Wernicke/Geschwind/Goodglass Model - Gestural Response

A

Neural commands from W’s and B’s areas to premotor cortex for hand

Premotor to the motor cortex - dominant and non-dominant - Use left PM cortex and send that info down to your extremities

Projections from the spinal cord

37
Q

Temporal syndrome

A 
Bilateral hearing 
Central processing deficits 
Verbal memory
Nonverbal memory 
Aphasia (left lesion)
Loss of new learning & anosmia (bilateral medial lesion) 
Delirium
38
Q

Agraphesthesia

A

Disorientation to sensation on skin (can’t identify a letter drawn on the skin)

39
Q

Adynamia

A

Loss of strength or vigor

Associated with transcortical motor aphasia

Adult Language Disorders (9 decks)

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