Sepsis and Septic Shock

Question 1

sepsis definition?

Answer 1

life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection

Question 2

identification of septic shock?

Answer 2

persisting hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain MAP >65mmHg

serum lactate of >3mmol/l despite volume resuscitation

Question 3

SOFA score criteria?

Answer 3

hypotension systolic BP <100
altered mental status
tachypnea RR >22

score of 2 or more suggests risk of poor outcome

Question 4

Phase 1 of sepsis?

Answer 4

release of bacterial toxins

Question 5

Phase 2 of sepsis?

Answer 5

release of mediators in response to infection

Question 6

Phase 3 of sepsis?

Answer 6

effects of specific excessive mediators

Question 7

general features of sepsis? (7)

Answer 7

fever
hypothermia
tachycardia
tachypnoea
altered mental state
hyperglycaemia
high lactate and skin mottling

Question 8

sepsis 6?

Answer 8

blood cultures
blood lactate
measure urine output

Oxygen
IV antibiotics
IV fluid challenge

Question 9

Phase 1 commonly released toxins?

Answer 9

LPS
Microbial Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPS)
Lipoteichoic acid
Super antigens