Sepsis and Meningitis Flashcards
What is funisitis?
Inflammation of the umbilical cord (infection)
Which organisms are typically responsible for neonatal sepsis?
- Bacterial organisms of the female genital tract
1) Group B Streptococci
2) E. coli
3) Listeria monocytogenes
Give two reasons why pre-term infants (<32) have higher rate of infection?
1) Immune system not fully developed
- Have not received full complement of maternal antibodies yet
2) Prolonged periods of hospitalization
- Increased risk of nosocomial infection
What is early onset sepsis?
- Sepsis occuring anytime from birth to 7 days after
- TO notes says under 3 days
What are risk factors for early onset sepsis?
- GBS + mother
- PROM (>24hr) TO notes says 18
- Amnionitis
- Maternal fever or leukocytosis
- Fetal tachycardia
- Preterm birth
- Male > Female
- African American higher risk
Why are infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with empiric antibiotics?
- It is difficult to determine if their symptoms are due to RDS or Sepsis
What are some of the early manifestations of sepsis in a neonate?
- Grunting
- Poor feeding
- Pallor
- Apnea
- Lethargy
- Hypothermia
- Abnormal cry
- Neutropenia
- Hypothermia
- hypotension
What is late-onset sepsis?
- Sepsis days 8-28
- TO notes says day 3-28
- Usually occurs in full-term infants who were discharged in good health
Which antibiotics are typically used in neonatal sepsis?
- Ampicillin and gentamicin
What does ampicillin cover?
- Broad spectrum Penicillin (synthetic ‘amino’ penicillin
- Effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Describe listeria monocytogenes
- Gram positive rod
Describe group B steptococcus
- Gram positive cocci
Describe E.coli
- Gram negative rod
Describe H. influenzae
- Gram negative bacilli
In addition to the bacteria implicated in early onset sepsis which other bacteria are implicated in late onset?
- H. influenzae
- S. Pneumoniae
- N. Meningitidis
