Sepsis Flashcards
What is bacteremia?
presence of bacteria in the blood
define sepsis
severe systemic illness characterized by hemodynamic derangement and multiple organ malfunction. Caused by interaction of microbial products with macrophages
Characteristics of hemodynamic derangement
o Circulatory system “going ape”
• High cardiac output. But low blood pressure
• Inadequate perfusion of organs.
What microbial components can trigger sepsis
o Bacterial triggers of sepsis
• These are released when macrophages sense LPS (peptidoglycan from gram – bacteria)
What are the primary cytokine mediators of sepsis
o TNF alpha and IL-1 are released by macrophages.
o Host produces these
Effect of IL-1 and TNF- alpha on vasculature
o Vasodilation: lowers blood pressure
o Vascular leakage: edema (less blood volume)
o Intravascular coagulation (increased bleeding)
o Expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules: degranulation in tissues → tissue damage
Hemodynamic dearangement due to effects of IL-1 and TNF alpha can cause what?
multi organ failure
Treatment for sepsis
o Raise O2 (ventilator)
o IV fluids (increase blood volume/bp)
o Adrenergici drugs (increase tissue perfusion)
o Antibiotics MUST be used
