Seperation techniques

Question 1

What is the purpose of distillation?

Answer 1

To seperate a liquid and a soluble solid from a solution

Question 2

What is the process of distillation?

Answer 2

-The solution is heated
-Pure water would evaporate producing vapour which goes into a condensor
-The vapour will cool at the condensor and then will be collected in a beaker
-Now only the solid solute will be left behind

Question 3

What is the purpose of fractional distillation? (not crude oil)

Answer 3

To seperate 2 or more liquids that are mixable

Question 4

What is the process of fractional distillation? (not crude oil)

Answer 4

-The solution is heated to the boiling point of the substance with the lowest boiling point
-The substance would evaporate, turning into vapor and gets cooled in the condensor.
-The substance with the lowest boiling point will be collected in a beaker

Question 5

What is the purpose of filtration?

Answer 5

Used to seperate an undisollved solid from a mixture of the solid and liquid solution

Question 6

What is the process of filtration?

Answer 6

-A peice of filter paper is placed on top of a funnel
-The solid and liquid solution is poured
-The solid will be all collected on the filter paper while the liquid will fall into the beaker

Question 7

What is the purpose of crystilisation?

Answer 7

Used to seperate a dissolved solid from a solution, where the solid is much more soluble in hot solvent than in cold

Question 8

What is the process of crystilisation?

Answer 8

-The solution is heated, allowing the solvent to evaporate, leaving a saturated solution behind
-Test the solution with a glass rod, crystals will form on the glass rod if succesful

Question 9

What is the purpose of paper chromatography?

Answer 9

Is used to seperate substances with different solubilities in a given solvent

Question 10

What is the process of paper chromatography?

Answer 10

-A pencil line is drawn through chromatography paper and spots of sample are placed on the line
-the paper is lowered into the solvent container, the pencil line must sit above the level of solvent
-Substances with different soluvilities will go up at different rates

Question 11

What is an Rf value?

Answer 11

They are used to identify the components of mixtures

Question 12

What is the formula for Rf?

Answer 12

Distance moved by substance / distance moved by solvent