Seperation Of Mixtures Flashcards
What is an element?
A pure substance made up of only one type of atom (eg. Mg)
What is a compound?
Two or more different substances chemically bonded together (ie. FeS)
What is a mixture?
Two or more substances that are not chemically bonded (ie. Crude oil or air)
What is a molecule?
Two or more non-metal atoms chemically bonded together (eg. H2O / DNA)
What is solubility?
Ability for a substance to dissolve in a solvent to produce a solution.
What is insolubility?
The inability for a substance to dissolve in a solvent to produce a solution.
What is a solution?
A mixture of dissolved solute and solvent.
What is the solute?
The substance that dissolves
What is the solvent?
Typically a liquid that the solute dissolves in (eg. water)
Miscible definition
Two substances will mix
Immiscible definition
Two substances will not mix
How would you separate sand and water?
Filtration
Draw the apparatus used for filtration.
N/a
Impure definition
A substance polluted another type of atom. A mixture of substances
Pure definition
A substance solely made up of one type of atom. Pure substances have a sharp melting or boiling point.
How to separate a solute from a solution (obtain salt from a salt-water solution)?
Evaporation
How to obtain water and salt from a salt-water solution?
Distillation - the process of evaporation followed by condensation, in the condenser to obtain the distillate
Draw a simple distillation diagram
N/a
Draw a pear-shaped flask
N/a
Draw a round-bottomed flask
N/a
What is fractional distillation?
Distillation can also be used to separate two liquids with different boiling points (eg. water and ethanol). The liquid with the lower boiling point will be collected first. This is known as fractional distillation.
How to seperate ink?
Chromatography
Draw the chromatography apparatus
N/a
What is the Retention Factor or Rf?
The distance travelled by the spot relative to the solvent.
Rf formula
Distance travelled by the compound / Distance travelled by the solvent
