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Chemistry Y9 > Seperating Mixtures + Water Treatment - Term 2 > Flashcards

Seperating Mixtures + Water Treatment - Term 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 3 separation techniques

A

Filtration , Evaporation and Crystallisation

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2
Q

Soluble

A

A solid that can dissolve

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3
Q

Insoluble

A

A solid that cannot dissolve

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4
Q

Filtration

A

insoluble solid from a liquid + a liquid from an insoluble solid.

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5
Q

Solute

A

Solid part of a solution

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6
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid part of a solution

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7
Q

Crystallisation

A

Separation of soluble solid from solution (often used when making crystals with a solution where the solvent is water)
Solution is left in a warm place to evaporate slowly . When solution becomes saturated , crystals appear, which are said to be hydrated.

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8
Q

Evaporation

A

Solute from a solution.
(eg salt from salt water)

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9
Q

Example of filtration

A

Separation of sand and water

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10
Q

Examples of evaporation

A

Strongly heating copper sulfate + water solution

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11
Q

Examples of crystallisation

A

Leaving copper sulfate + water solution in a crystallisation dish undisturbed

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12
Q

Conclusion from seperating copper sulfate and sand experiment

A

Quick evaporation = white powdered copper sulfate
Slow evaporation ( crystallisation) = hydrated copper sulfate crystals

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13
Q

Explain how simple distillation works

A

A flask containing the solution is heated. As the water evaporates , the vapor goes into the condenser. The cold water jacket cools the vapor into liquid and this liquid drips into the beaker.

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14
Q

distillate

A

end result of distillation

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15
Q

when is simple distillation used

A

solvent from a solution

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16
Q

when is fractional distillation used

A

mixture of miscible liquids

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17
Q

explain how fractional distallation works

A

a flask containing the mixture of miscible liquids is heated at the boiling point of the liquid with the lowest boiling point. The glass tubes in the fractioning column stop the other liquids from evaporating as they are at a temperature under the other liquids boiling point. repeat the process by changing the temperature to the liquids boiling point until all is evaporated.

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18
Q

distilate

A

end result of distilation

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19
Q

miscible

A

liquids that can mix together

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20
Q

immiscble

A

liquids that cant mix together

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21
Q

example of two miscible liquids

A

alcohol and water

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22
Q

example of two immiscble liquids

A

paraffin and water

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23
Q

how to separate immiscble liiquids

A

a separating funnel

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24
Q

how does a separating funnel work

A

the liquid of higher density is placed under a liquid of lower density. you open the hole and the liquid of higher density (eg water) flows out first. you then switch beakers and drain the remaining liquid of lower density (eg parafin)

25
Q

what is chromatography used for

A

separate several solids that are all soluble in the same solvent

26
Q

how does chromatography work

A

the pigment is placed near the bottom of the chromatography paper and placed in the solvent (such as water). the pigment moves up the paper at different rates due to levels of solubility.

27
Q

the more soluble the pigment is..

A

the higher it’ll be on the paper / the faster it’ll move up the paper

28
Q

the less soluble the pigment is…

A

the lower it’ll be on the paper / the slower it’ll move up the paper

29
Q

solvent ________ phase

A

mobile

30
Q

paper ________ phase

A

stationary

31
Q

solvent front

A

highest point reached by solvent

32
Q

start point

A

where spot is originally placed

33
Q

why is the start point marked in pencil and not pen

A

so the ink from the pen doesn’t run along the rest of the spots

34
Q

why are spots often labelled at the start

A

the colors can greatly change so you should still be able to tell them apart

35
Q

why must the water level be below the spots

A

so the spots don’t just dissolve into the liquid in the beaker

36
Q

what are Rf values used for

A

to identify different substances

37
Q

formula for Rf

A

distance moved by pigment (measured from centre of spot) / distance moved from start line to solvent front

38
Q

how do you tell if two dyes are the same

A

if they moved the same amount

39
Q

how can you tell the number of original dyes in the sample

A

number of spots above starting point

40
Q

decanting

A

Insoluble solid from a liquid + liquid from an insoluble solid

41
Q

why do we treat water

A

so it is drinkable

42
Q

potable water =

A

water that is safe to drink

43
Q

why do we treat water (what to remove)

A

remove insoluble solids and harmful bacteria

44
Q

why is treated water not pure

A

pure water is just hydrogen and oxygen. treated water contains minerals needed for health

45
Q

3 steps of water treatment

A

sedimentation
filtration
sterilization

46
Q

what happens during sedimentation

A

water is left to be still in a tank
insoluble solids settle to the bottom
water is removed from higher up the tank

47
Q

what happens during filtration in water treatment

A

sand filters remove smaller particles of insoluble solids

48
Q

what happens during sterilization

A

chlorine is added to kill bacteria. ozone and uv lights can also be used.

49
Q

treatment of sea water

A
  • cannot use og method because contains too many dissolved particles
  • use distillation or reverse osmosis
50
Q

reverse osmosis

A
  • applying pressure to untreated salt water, it is forced through a semi permeable membrane which only allows water molecules through the other side
51
Q

disadvantage of treating sea water

A

expensive as heating / evaporating large amounts of water is costly. only used when limit of fresh water.

52
Q

equation for anhydrous copper sulfate to hydrated copper sulfate

A

CuSO4 + 5h2O —> CusO4 . 5h2O

53
Q

why is distilled water used in experiments

A

dissolved particles in tap water may react

54
Q

test for chlorine

A

damp blue litmus paper goes red and then bleaches

55
Q

separate a mixture of insoluble solid and soluble solid

A
  • add water
  • filter for insoluble solid
  • evaporate for soluble solid
56
Q

what does it mean if the spot has moves less up the paper

A

it spent more time in the stationary phase and is more attracted to the paper

57
Q

what can be used to measure volume of sea water

A

measuring cylinder

58
Q
A

Chemistry Y9 (2 decks)

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