Seperating Mixtures Flashcards
What is Melting Point
The temperature when a solid turns into a liquid
What is a boiling point?
The temperature when a liquid turns into a gas
What are Pure Substances?
Consists of One Element/ Compound
not mixed with anything else
What is a Mixture?
Two or more substances mixed together
they are physically combined
not chemically combined
What is a Formulation
A formulation is a mixture that has been designed as a useful product by mixing different substances by carefully measuring quantities to ensure the product has required properties
What is a Solute
a substance that dissolves in water
Examples of Miscible liquids
Alcohol and Water
What is a solvent?
is a liquid in which a solute dissolves in
Examples of Immiscible Liquids
Oil and Water
Examples of Formulations
Paints, Fertilizers, Bleaching Powder, medicine
Why do all fertilizers do not have the same composition
Different fertilizers are made for different plants which have different nutrient needs
Explain Filtration
1)This method works by pouring a solution of insoluble solid and liquid through a filter paper and filter funnel
2) The residue(solid) is collected in the filter paper
3) The filtrate (liquid) passes through the filter paper
Explain Evaporation
1) This method works by boiling off a liquid which contains a solute dissolved in a solvent
2) This is done in an Evaporating Basin to leave a residue
What is simple distillation used for?
To obtain a solvent from a solution
Explain Simple Distillation
The liquid is boiled off in a flask and the substance with the lowest boiling point boils first and vapor is condensed into a liquid by a condenser.
What is the collected liquid in distillation called
Distillate
What is Fractional Distillation used for?
Separating two or more substances whose boiling points are close together
Explain Fractional Distillation
It is similar to simple distillation except that a special tube called Fractionating Column. As the liquid is heated, the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils of first and the vapor is condensed into a liquid
Explain How to Use Separating Funnel
Used to separate immiscible liquids
The mixture is placed in a funnel and the less dense liquid will form the upper layer
Explains the Steps of Chromatography
A spot of mixture is places on some chromatography paper(Stationery phase)
And is then dipped into a solvent( mobile phase)
As the solvent passes up the paper, the mixture separates out as different spots
How many spots does a pure substance produce on a chromatography paper
One
Formula of RF value
DISTANCE MOVED BY SUBSTANCE
divided by
DISTANCE MOVED BY SOLVENT
*RF value always between 0 and 1
What is Filtration Used for?
to seperate insoluble solid from solution
Phases of Chromatography
Paper=stationary phase
Solvent = mobile phase
An example of a solution seperated using fractional distillation
Water and Ethanol
Explain Chemical Test for water
When anhydrous copper II sulfate is added to water it changes from white to blue
describe how to carry out a flame test
Flame tests are carried out on a solid.
A piece of nichrome wire is dipped in concentrated
hydrochloric acid and the wire is then dipped into the solid sample.
The wire is held in a
blue Bunsen burner flame and the color observed
.The color of the flame can indicate the
presence of specific positive ions (cations).
Color observed from Lithium
crimson
Color observed from Sodium
yellow/orange
Color observed from Potassium
lilac
Color observed from Calcium
brick red
Color observed from copper II
blue-green
