Seperating Mixtures Flashcards

1
Q

What is Melting Point

A

The temperature when a solid turns into a liquid

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2
Q

What is a boiling point?

A

The temperature when a liquid turns into a gas

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3
Q

What are Pure Substances?

A

Consists of One Element/ Compound

not mixed with anything else

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4
Q

What is a Mixture?

A

Two or more substances mixed together
they are physically combined
not chemically combined

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5
Q

What is a Formulation

A

A formulation is a mixture that has been designed as a useful product by mixing different substances by carefully measuring quantities to ensure the product has required properties

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6
Q

What is a Solute

A

a substance that dissolves in water

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7
Q

Examples of Miscible liquids

A

Alcohol and Water

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7
Q

What is a solvent?

A

is a liquid in which a solute dissolves in

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8
Q

Examples of Immiscible Liquids

A

Oil and Water

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9
Q

Examples of Formulations

A

Paints, Fertilizers, Bleaching Powder, medicine

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10
Q

Why do all fertilizers do not have the same composition

A

Different fertilizers are made for different plants which have different nutrient needs

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11
Q

Explain Filtration

A

1)This method works by pouring a solution of insoluble solid and liquid through a filter paper and filter funnel
2) The residue(solid) is collected in the filter paper
3) The filtrate (liquid) passes through the filter paper

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12
Q

Explain Evaporation

A

1) This method works by boiling off a liquid which contains a solute dissolved in a solvent
2) This is done in an Evaporating Basin to leave a residue

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13
Q

What is simple distillation used for?

A

To obtain a solvent from a solution

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14
Q

Explain Simple Distillation

A

The liquid is boiled off in a flask and the substance with the lowest boiling point boils first and vapor is condensed into a liquid by a condenser.

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15
Q

What is the collected liquid in distillation called

A

Distillate

16
Q

What is Fractional Distillation used for?

A

Separating two or more substances whose boiling points are close together

17
Q

Explain Fractional Distillation

A

It is similar to simple distillation except that a special tube called Fractionating Column. As the liquid is heated, the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils of first and the vapor is condensed into a liquid

18
Q

Explain How to Use Separating Funnel

A

Used to separate immiscible liquids
The mixture is placed in a funnel and the less dense liquid will form the upper layer

19
Q

Explains the Steps of Chromatography

A

A spot of mixture is places on some chromatography paper(Stationery phase)
And is then dipped into a solvent( mobile phase)
As the solvent passes up the paper, the mixture separates out as different spots

20
Q

How many spots does a pure substance produce on a chromatography paper

21
Q

Formula of RF value

A

DISTANCE MOVED BY SUBSTANCE
divided by
DISTANCE MOVED BY SOLVENT
*RF value always between 0 and 1

22
Q

What is Filtration Used for?

A

to seperate insoluble solid from solution

22
Q

Phases of Chromatography

A

Paper=stationary phase
Solvent = mobile phase

22
An example of a solution seperated using fractional distillation
Water and Ethanol
23
Explain Chemical Test for water
When anhydrous copper II sulfate is added to water it changes from white to blue
24
describe how to carry out a flame test
Flame tests are carried out on a solid. A piece of nichrome wire is dipped in concentrated hydrochloric acid and the wire is then dipped into the solid sample. The wire is held in a blue Bunsen burner flame and the color observed .The color of the flame can indicate the presence of specific positive ions (cations).
25
Color observed from Lithium
crimson
26
Color observed from Sodium
yellow/orange
27
Color observed from Potassium
lilac
28
Color observed from Calcium
brick red
29
Color observed from copper II
blue-green