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Chemistry > Seperating Mixtures > Flashcards

Seperating Mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Melting Point

A

The temperature when a solid turns into a liquid

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2
Q

What is a boiling point?

A

The temperature when a liquid turns into a gas

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3
Q

What are Pure Substances?

A

Consists of One Element/ Compound

not mixed with anything else

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4
Q

What is a Mixture?

A

Two or more substances mixed together
they are physically combined
not chemically combined

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5
Q

What is a Formulation

A

A formulation is a mixture that has been designed as a useful product by mixing different substances by carefully measuring quantities to ensure the product has required properties

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6
Q

What is a Solute

A

a substance that dissolves in water

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7
Q

Examples of Miscible liquids

A

Alcohol and Water

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7
Q

What is a solvent?

A

is a liquid in which a solute dissolves in

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8
Q

Examples of Immiscible Liquids

A

Oil and Water

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9
Q

Examples of Formulations

A

Paints, Fertilizers, Bleaching Powder, medicine

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10
Q

Why do all fertilizers do not have the same composition

A

Different fertilizers are made for different plants which have different nutrient needs

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11
Q

Explain Filtration

A

1)This method works by pouring a solution of insoluble solid and liquid through a filter paper and filter funnel
2) The residue(solid) is collected in the filter paper
3) The filtrate (liquid) passes through the filter paper

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12
Q

Explain Evaporation

A

1) This method works by boiling off a liquid which contains a solute dissolved in a solvent
2) This is done in an Evaporating Basin to leave a residue

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13
Q

What is simple distillation used for?

A

To obtain a solvent from a solution

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14
Q

Explain Simple Distillation

A

The liquid is boiled off in a flask and the substance with the lowest boiling point boils first and vapor is condensed into a liquid by a condenser.

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15
Q

What is the collected liquid in distillation called

A

Distillate

16
Q

What is Fractional Distillation used for?

A

Separating two or more substances whose boiling points are close together

17
Q

Explain Fractional Distillation

A

It is similar to simple distillation except that a special tube called Fractionating Column. As the liquid is heated, the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils of first and the vapor is condensed into a liquid

18
Q

Explain How to Use Separating Funnel

A

Used to separate immiscible liquids
The mixture is placed in a funnel and the less dense liquid will form the upper layer

19
Q

Explains the Steps of Chromatography

A

A spot of mixture is places on some chromatography paper(Stationery phase)
And is then dipped into a solvent( mobile phase)
As the solvent passes up the paper, the mixture separates out as different spots

20
Q

How many spots does a pure substance produce on a chromatography paper

A

One

21
Q

Formula of RF value

A

DISTANCE MOVED BY SUBSTANCE
divided by
DISTANCE MOVED BY SOLVENT
*RF value always between 0 and 1

22
Q

What is Filtration Used for?

A

to seperate insoluble solid from solution

22
Q

Phases of Chromatography

A

Paper=stationary phase
Solvent = mobile phase

22
Q

An example of a solution seperated using fractional distillation

A

Water and Ethanol

23
Q

Explain Chemical Test for water

A

When anhydrous copper II sulfate is added to water it changes from white to blue

24
Q

describe how to carry out a flame test

A

Flame tests are carried out on a solid.
A piece of nichrome wire is dipped in concentrated
hydrochloric acid and the wire is then dipped into the solid sample.
The wire is held in a
blue Bunsen burner flame and the color observed
.The color of the flame can indicate the
presence of specific positive ions (cations).

25
Q

Color observed from Lithium

A

crimson

26
Q

Color observed from Sodium

A

yellow/orange

27
Q

Color observed from Potassium

A

lilac

28
Q

Color observed from Calcium

A

brick red

29
Q

Color observed from copper II

A

blue-green

Chemistry (6 decks)

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