Separation Techniques

Question 1

Sieving

Answer 1

Separates mixture with different particle sizes
Involves passing the mixture through a net - smaller particles fall through

Question 2

Filtration

Answer 2

Separates solid particles from a liquid or gas
E.g. Vacuum - faster, dries residue
Gravitational - uses weight to push mixture through filter paper

Question 3

Different Types

Answer 3

Particle Size
Density
Boiling Point

Question 4

Sedimentation + Decantation

Answer 4

Sedimentation - larger, more dense particle separates to the bottom in a liquid
Decantation - liquid is poured into another container

Question 5

Separation Funnels

Answer 5

Glass flask connected to a thin outlet tube
Used when two liquids don’t mix - different densities

Question 6

Centrifugation

Answer 6

Spins mixture resulting in the denser particles being pushed to the edge of the container - can speed up sedimentation process to extract finer particles

Question 7

Evaporation

Answer 7

Solids dissolve = solvent is then heated until it separates

Question 8

Distillation

Answer 8

Performed in an apparatus
Solution heated - vapor is collected through a condenser (fractioning column is placed between the flask containing the mixture and the condenser) = distillate