Separation Techniques

Question 1

Fractional distillation

Answer 1

To separate a mixture of different liquids with different boiling points. The first substance collected will be pure and it has a lower boiling point. e.g. ethanol and water.

Question 2

Simple distillation

Answer 2

Separate a liquid from a solution

Question 3

Filtration

Answer 3

Separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 4

Crystallisation

Answer 4

To obtain a dissolved salt from a salt solution

Question 5

Chromatography

Answer 5

Separate various dyes from a mixture of dissolved dyes

Question 6

Rf value

Answer 6

distance moved by ink from baseline / distance moved by solvent front from the baseline

Question 7

Base

Answer 7

a substance which can neutralise an acid forming salt and water only

Question 8

Saturated solution

Answer 8

A solution where no more solute can dissolve

Question 9

Solute

Answer 9

A substance that dissolves in a solvent making a solution

Question 10

Solution

Answer 10

A mixture of a soluble solute and solvent

Question 11

Solvent

Answer 11

A liquid that dissolves a solute

Question 12

Solubility

Answer 12

A measure of how much solute dissolves in a solvent (in g per 100g)

Question 13

Dilute

Answer 13

Adding water to a solution to make it weaker