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OAT Kaplan Organic Chem > Separation > Flashcards

Separation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Extraction?

A

The transfer of a dissolved compound from 1 solvent into another

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2
Q

During extraction, most impurities remain in

A

The first solvent

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3
Q

How should the two solvents be during extraction?

A

Immiscible

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4
Q

Extraction separates substances based on

A

Differential solubility

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5
Q

When an acid dissolves, its formed anion is

A

More soluble in the aqueous layer

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6
Q

What will extract an acid in the aqueous layer?

A

Base

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7
Q

Washing is a form of extraction that

A

Removes unwanted impurities instead of isolating a pure product

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8
Q

Filtration is the act of

A

Isolating suspended solid from the liquid

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9
Q

Gravity filtration is when the

A

Solvent is pulled out via gravity

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10
Q

Gravity filtration is done with

A

Hot solvent

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11
Q

Recrystallization is when

A

Impure crystals are dissolved in a minimum amount of hot solvent

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12
Q

What happens to the impurities during recrystallization?

A

The impurities are left in the solution, but crystals form

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13
Q

In recrystallization, the solvent should dissolve pure materials in

A

Hot temperatures

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14
Q

Impurities should be dissolved in both

A

Hot and cold temperatures by the solvent

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15
Q

What happens in a mixed solvent system?

A

Less soluble compound is added to a highly soluble solvent until the solid precipitates

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16
Q

Sublimation is the stage in which a

A

Heated solid transforms into a gas with no liquid change

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17
Q

Sublimation occurs within vacuums to allow for

A

Compounds to pass the liquid phase

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18
Q

Sublimation separates solids based on their ability to

A

Sublimate

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19
Q

Within sublimation, what happens to impurities?

A

They do not sublime easily

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20
Q

Distillation is the act of

A

Separating a liquid from another via vaporization and condensation

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21
Q

Distillation requires

A

Two or more miscible liquids

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22
Q

Simple distillation separates liquids that are

A
  • BP < 150

- 25º away from one another

23
Q

Vacuum distillation separates liquids that are

A
  • BP > 150

- 25º away from one another

24
Q

Vacuum distillation operates under

A

Reduced pressure, which lowers the bp and prevents decomposition

25
Q

Fractional distillation separates liquids that have

A

BPs < 25º apart

26
Q

The vapor near the top in fractional distillation contains eventually

A

1 component

27
Q

Chromatography is the separation and identification of individual compounds based on

A

Differing chemical properties

28
Q

Chromatography separates components based on their ability to

A

Adhere to either the stationary or mobile phase

29
Q

In chromatography, the sample is first loaded into the

A

Adsorbent (stationary phase)

30
Q

The mobile phase of chromatography consists of

A

Fluid being run through to displace the substances

31
Q

The mobile phase causes for

A

Separation in the stationary phase

32
Q

Silica gel is

A

Polar and hydrophilic

33
Q

What kind of polarity do the original solvents have in the mobile phase?

A

Weak to moderate solvents

34
Q

Which compounds move quickly in weak to moderate polarity?

A

Nonpolar compounds

35
Q

What is the adsorbent in TLC?

A
  • A piece of paper
  • Thin layer of silica
  • Alumina
  • Plastic
  • Glass Sheet
36
Q

Individual compounds with TLC can be spotted via

A

UV light

37
Q

What is the equation of Rf value?

A

Distance of compound / Distance of solvent

38
Q

What happens in Column Chromatography?

A

Compounds move up and down due to gravity

39
Q

What are the forms of adsorbents in Column Chromatography?

A

Silica gel or alumina

40
Q

In Column Chromatography, the solvent is forced through the column via

A

N2

41
Q

Ion-Exchange Column Chromatography, the beads are coated with

A

Ions

42
Q

In size-exclusion Column Chromatography, the column has

A

Beads with tiny pores, allowing large molecules to travel faster

43
Q

In a GC, what is compared?

A

Retention time

44
Q

What happens in HPLC?

A

Liquid travels though the column under pressure

45
Q

Electrophoresis separates macromolecules via

A

Charge

46
Q

What move faster in Electrophoresis?

A

Highly charged, small molecules

47
Q

Agarose is used in Electrophoresis to separate

A

Nucleic acid pieces

48
Q

Agarose is stained with

A

Ethidium Bromide

49
Q

SDS is used in Electrophoresis to separate

A

Proteins based on mass

50
Q

Isoelectric Electrophoresis has a pH at which the

A

Sum of Amino Acid charges equal to 0

51
Q

Proteins are protonoated when

A

pH < pI

52
Q

Proteins are deprotonoated when

A

pH is high

53
Q

In Isoelectric Electrophoresis, proteins move to the pt where

A

PH = pI

OAT Kaplan Organic Chem (12 decks)

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