Alkanes

Question 1

At room temperature, formulas CH4 to C4H10 are

Answer 1

Gases

Question 2

At room temperature, formulas C5H12 to C16H34 are

Answer 2

Liquids

Question 3

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

Question 4

Straight-chain isomers have

Answer 4

Higher bps and mps

Question 5

Why do branched isomers have lower bps and mps?

Answer 5

They reduce SA, which decreases to weak IMFs

Question 6

Nucleophiles are attracted to

Answer 6

Positive charges

Question 7

What are nucleophiles?

Answer 7

Electron-rich species that are often negatively charged

Question 8

Nucleophiles correlate with

Answer 8

Basicity

Question 9

The stronger the base the

Answer 9

Stronger the nucleophile

Question 10

Bases act as

Answer 10

Electron donors

Question 11

Stronger nucleophiles are ones that have

Answer 11

More of a negative charge / strong base

Question 12

In protic solvents, which are the better nucleophiles?

Answer 12

Larger ions

Question 13

In aprotic solvents, nucleophilics are related to

Answer 13

Basicity

Question 14

The best leaving groups are

Answer 14

Weaker bases

Question 15

SN1 is

Answer 15

Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution

Question 16

SN1 is associated with the formation of

Answer 16

Carbocation

Question 17

How many steps are in SN1?

Answer 17

Two

Question 18

What are the two steps of SN1?

Answer 18

• Dissociation of substrate molecule into carbocation and leaving group
• Combination of carbocation with nucleophiles to form substituted product

Question 19

SN1 depends on the

Answer 19

Stability of carbocations

Question 20

Which solvents are ideal for SN1?

Answer 20

Polar protic

Question 21

SN1 reactions do not require

Answer 21

Strong nucleophiles

Question 22

SN1 reactions produce

Answer 22

Racemic mixtures

Question 23

SN2 is

Answer 23

Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution

Question 24

How many steps are in SN2?

Answer 24

One

Question 25

What happens during the SN2 reaction?

Answer 25

There is an attack from the back, forming a transition state

Question 26

SN2 produces

Answer 26

Inversion

Question 27

SN2 reactions require

Answer 27

Unhindered nucleophile

Question 28

SN2 depends on the

Answer 28

Order of reactivity, with 1º being first

Question 29

Which solvents are ideal for SN2?

Answer 29

Polar aprotic

Question 30

What happens in Free Radical Substitutions?

Answer 30

One or more Hs are replaced by Halogens

Question 31

What are the three steps of Free Radical Substitution?

Answer 31

• Initiation
• Propagation
• Termination

Question 32

Initiation of Free Radical Substitution is when

Answer 32

Diatomic halogens are cleaved by ∆ or peroxides

Question 33

Initiation of Free Radical Substitution forms

Answer 33

Free radicals that are extremely reactive

Question 34

Propagation of Free Radical Substitution is when

Answer 34

A radical produces another radical

Question 35

Propagation of Free Radical Substitution contains the

Answer 35

• Formation of HX and alkyl radical

- Alkyl radical reactions with X2

Question 36

Termination of Free Radical Substitution is when

Answer 36

2 Free radicals combine to form molecule

Question 37

Pyrolysis is when a molecule

Answer 37

Breaks by heat in absence of O2

Question 38

Pyrolysis allows for

Answer 38

Radicals to recombine

Question 39

Disproportionation is when

Answer 39

Radical transfers H atoms to another radical