Separating Mixtures Flashcards
What is a solution?
A solution is the product that comes when a solute has been dissolved in a solvent.
What is a mixture?
Two things that have blended with each other, but are not chemically bonded and can be easily separated.
What is a solute?
The solute is the thing that gets dissolved.
What is the solvent?
The solvent is the thing that dissolved the solute.
What does ‘soluble’ mean?
‘Soluble’ refers to something that can be dissolved in a specific solvent.
What does ‘insoluble’ mean?
‘Insoluble’ refers to something that cannot dissolve in a specific solvent.
What is solubility?
The solubility of a solute in a solvent, refers to how much of the solute can be dissolved.
What is a saturated solution?
A saturated solution has reached its maximum solubility.
What factors can affect solubility?
Factors that affect solubility include viscosity, temperature, density, mass, time given, other possible reactions and the solvent used.
What is the process of crystallisation?
When the solvent begins to slowly evaporate, small crystals of the solute are left behind. This is called crystallisation.
How does dissolving work?
When salt is tipped into a glass of pure water (just as an example) the water particles smash against the salt particles and break the bonds between them. Eventually, only individual salt particles are left, and these hide in between all of the water particles.
What is the melting point?
The melting point is the minimum temperature needed to make a substance melt.
What is the boiling point?
The boiling point is the minimum temperature needed to make a liquid boil. Anything between this and he melting point will cause it to very slowly evaporate.
How does boiling work to separate mixtures?
This works with a solution of a liquid and a solid. A beaker with the solution will be placed on a gauze, on a tripod. The Bunsen burner underneath will boil away the liquid, and leave the crystallised form of the solute behind.
How does filtration work?
Filtration separates a mixture of a liquid and a solid, not a solution. The mixture is poured into a funnel with a piece of filter paper in. This will trap behind the residue, as the liquid goes through to the beaker.
