separating mixtures Flashcards
what are the three properties in substances?
solids, liquids, gas
give three examples of pure substances
oil, ruby, pure sugar
give three examples of mixed substances
chocolate milk, lemonade, tap water
what is the difference between pure and mixed substances?
mixed substances have more than one ingredient, whereas pure substances have only one ingredient included
when you dissolve a solid in water what is it called?
a solution
what is the solid that was dissolved called?
a solute
what is the liquid of a solution called?
the solvent
what does a dilute solution have?
less solute, more solvent
what does a concentrated solution have?
less solvent, more solute
what is an atom?
an atom is the smallest particle of an element
what is a molecule?
a molecule is a particle that consists two or more atoms that are chemically combined
what is a mixture?
a mixture is where two or more substances are mixed but not chemically combined e.g, iron and sulphur separate with a magnet
what is a melting point? (m.p)
it is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
what do you call a solid that dissolves in water?
soluble (solute)
what do you call a solid that does not dissolve in water?
insoluble
what is a solute?
it is a solid that dissolves in water e.g. salt
what is a solution?
it’s formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
what is residue?
it’s the solid that remains on the filter paper
what is the filtrate?
it’s the solution which passes through the filter paper
what is distillate?
it is the liquid which is collected after the condensation of vapour during the distillation process
what is miscible/immiscible
liquids mix/liquids do not mix
what is condensation?
condesnation occurs when a gas changes to a liquid, vapour to water
what is evaporation?
evaporation occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below the boiling point (b.p)
name the separating techniques
filtration, evaporation and crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, separating funnel, chromatography