separating and purifying

Question 1

what is filtration?

Answer 1

when you let smaller pieces and liquids through but trap larger insoluble bits

Question 2

what is crystallization?

Answer 2

when you evaporate a solution and the solute is separated which causes crystals to form

Question 3

what is simple distillation?

Answer 3

when a liquid that has something dissolved in it is evaporated and then condensed

Question 4

what is fractional distillation?

Answer 4

liquids with lower boiling points evaporate more easily than others and will turn into vapour first

Question 5

what is paper chromatography?

Answer 5

when a solvent moves up a strip of paper and the different mixtures travel at different speeds causing it to separate

Question 6

what is the equation for Rf?

Answer 6

Rf=distance spot travelled/distance solvent has travelled

Question 7

what are the two phases during paper chromatography?

Answer 7

mobile phase = the phase that moves so the solvent

stationary phase = the thing that doesn’t move so the paper

Question 8

what is filtration used for?

Answer 8

used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 9

what is crystallization used for?

Answer 9

used to produce solid crystals from a solution

Question 10

what is simple distillation used for?

Answer 10

used to separate a solvent from a solution

Question 11

what is fractional distillation used for?

Answer 11

used to separate the different liquids from a mixture of liquids

Question 12

what is paper chromatography used for

Answer 12

used to separate mixtures of soluble substances

Question 13

what is a pure mixture?

Answer 13

it is made of the same thing throughout,

it melts at the same temperature

Question 14

what is an impure mixture?

Answer 14

made of different things

melts at a range of temperatures and doesn’t have a fixed melting point