Sentences, Phrases and Clauses Flashcards
1
Q
How many types of sentences are there in the English language?
A
Four
2
Q
Name the 4 types of sentences found in the English language.
A
Statements
Questions
Exclamations
Commands (Imperatives)
3
Q
What is the purpose of statement sentences?
A
Statements supply information.
4
Q
Identify the type of sentence used below:
“Shaun is going to school.”
A
Statement sentence
5
Q
What is the purpose of question sentences?
A
Questions ask for information.
6
Q
Identify the type of sentence used below:
“Where is Shaun going?”
A
Question sentence
7
Q
What is the purpose of exclamation sentences?
A
Exclamation sentences express emotions such as surprise, fear, alarm or anger.
8
Q
Identify the type of sentence used below:
“It’s a ghost!”
A
Exclamation sentence
9
Q
What is the purpose of command (imperative) sentences?
A
Command sentences are used to give orders or instructions.
10
Q
Identify the type of sentence used below:
“Do not enter through that door.”
A
Command sentence
11
Q
Identify the type of sentence used below:
“Leave the room immediately!”
A
Command sentence
12
Q
Identify the type of sentence used below:
“This work is unacceptable!”
A
Exclamation sentence
13
Q
What is a sentence?
A
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark, depending on the nature and meaning of the sentence.
14
Q
Name two things that a sentence MUST contain.
A
A subject and a finite verb
15
Q
How do you check whether you have a subject in your sentence?
A
In order to determine if my sentence has a subject, I ask who or what before the verb.
16
Q
What can a subject be replaced with?
A
A pronoun like he, she or it.
17
Q
Name 3 ways in which sentences can be classified.
A
Simple sentence
Compound sentence
Complex sentence
18
Q
Define the term ‘simple sentence’.
A
A simple sentence has one finite verb and deals with one idea.
19
Q
Define the term ‘compound sentence’.
A
A compound sentence has two or more finite verbs.
It may be made up of two or more simple sentences joined by a co-ordinating conjunction.
20
Q
Define the term ‘complex sentence’.
A
A complex sentence contains one main clause or thought and one or more subordinate clauses which provide additional information.
They are joined by subordinating conjunctions.
21
Q
Which of the following sentences is a simple sentence?
- Dan plays soccer at school and works on his computer at home.
- Anne reads a book.
- Candice received her results while she was recuperating in hospital after she had broken her leg.
A
Sentence 2
22
Q
Which of the following sentences is a compound sentence?
- Dan plays soccer at school and works on his computer at home.
- Anne reads a book.
- Candice received her results while she was recuperating in hospital after she had broken her leg.
A
Sentence 1
23
Q
Which of the following sentences is a complex sentence?
- Dan plays soccer at school and works on his computer at home.
- Anne reads a book.
- Candice received her results while she was recuperating in hospital after she had broken her leg.
A
Sentence 3
24
Q
What type of sentence contains two or more finite verbs?
A
Compound sentence
25
What type of sentence contains subordinating conjunctions?
Complex sentence
26
What type of sentence deals with a single idea?
Simple sentence
27
What type of sentence contains a co-ordinating conjunction?
Compound sentence
28
What is the difference between sentence types and sentence classifications?
Sentence types deal with the actual contents and purpose of the sentence while sentence classifications deal with the grammatical structure of the sentence.
29
Can a single sentence be both a statement and a simple sentence?
Yes.
30
Which of the following sentences is a statement sentence?
1. Dan plays soccer at school and works on his computer at home.
2. Anne reads a book.
3. Candice received her results while she was recuperating in hospital after she had broken her leg.
All three of these sentences are statement sentences.
31
Name the two parts a sentence can be divided into.
A subject and a predicate.
32
Define the term 'subject' as it relates to sentences.
The subject reflects who or what we are talking about.
33
Define the term 'predicate' as it relates to sentences.
The predicate is the rest of the sentence that follows the subject.
34
Name the 3 parts that a predicate can be divided into.
Verb
Direct object
Indirect object
35
Define the term 'direct object'.
The direct object answers who or what after the verb.
36
Define the term 'indirect object'.
The indirect object always tells you to whom/what or for whom/what after the direct object.
37
What is the purpose of the predicate?
The predicate expands on the subject and always begins with the verb.
38
Define the term 'complement' as it relates to sentences.
The complement enlarges on the subject.
The complement is the word that follows the linking verb and comes before the object.
The complement is NOT part of the object.
39
Identify the complement in the sentence below:
| The race was exciting.
Was
40
Identify the object in the sentence below:
| The race was exciting.
Exciting
41
Identify the subject in the sentence below:
| The race was exciting.
The race
42
Identify the predicate in the sentence below:
| The race was exciting.
Was exciting
43
Identify the subject in the sentence below:
| The author became famous.
The author
44
Identify the predicate in the sentence below:
| The author became famous.
Became famous
45
Identify the complement in the sentence below:
| The author became famous.
Became
46
Identify the subject in the sentence below:
| Anne built the sandcastle.
Anne
47
Identify the predicate in the sentence below:
| Anne built the sandcastle.
Built the sandcastle
48
Identify the subject in the sentence below:
| The boys in Grade 7 were happy to go to high school.
The boys in Grade 7
49
Identify the predicate in the sentence below:
| The boys in Grade 7 were happy to go to high school.
Were happy to go to high school
50
Identify the subject in the sentences below:
1. The dog brought the ball to his master.
2. Matric opens doors for the future.
1. The dog
| 2. Matric
51
Identify the predicate in the sentences below:
1. The dog brought the ball to his master.
2. Matric opens doors for the future.
1. Brought the ball to his master.
| 2. Opens doors for the future.
52
Identify the verb in the sentences below:
1. The dog brought the ball to his master.
2. Matric opens doors for the future.
1. brought
| 2. opens
53
Identify the direct object in the sentences below:
1. The dog brought the ball to his master.
2. Matric opens doors for the future.
1. the ball
| 2. doors
54
Identify the indirect object in the sentences below:
1. The dog brought the ball to his master.
2. Matric opens doors for the future.
1. to his master
| 2. for the future
55
Define the term 'phrase'.
A phrase is a group of words without a finite verb.
56
Provide an alternative word for the word 'phrase'.
Fragment
57
Name 2 characteristics of phrases.
1. A phrase is sensibly arranged within the sentence and conveys a single idea.
2. A phrase can never stand alone, but is always part of a sentence.
58
Name 3 types of phrases.
1. Adjectival phrases
2. Noun phrases
3. Adverbial phrases
59
Name 5 types of adverbial phrases.
1. Adverbial phrase of manner
2. Adverbial phrase of time
3. Adverbial phrase of place
4. Adverbial phrase of reason
5. Adverbial phrase of concession
60
What is the purpose of adjectival phrases?
Adjectival phrases tell us more about the noun.
61
What is the purpose of noun phrases?
Noun phrases answer the questions who or what in connection with the noun.
62
What is the purpose of adverbial phrases?
Adverbial phrases modify the van and answers the questions how, when, where and why.
63
What is the purpose of an adverbial phrase of manner?
An adverbial phrase of manner answers the question of how in relation to the verb.
64
What is the purpose of an adverbial phrase of time?
An adverbial phrase of time answers the question of when in relation to the verb.
65
What is the purpose of an adverbial phrase of place?
An adverbial phrase of place answers the question of where in relation to the verb.
66
What is the purpose of an adverbial phrase of reason?
An adverbial phrase of reason answers the question of why in relation to the verb.
67
What is the purpose of an adverbial phrase of concession?
An adverbial phrase of concession allows you to concede a point within a sentence.
68
Identify the phrases in the following sentences:
1. The model with the dazzling smile came from Durban.
2. Everyone in the courtroom stood when the Judge entered.
3. The girl entered the room happily and confidently.
4. The girl entered the room at nine o' clock.
5. The girl in the room was reading a book.
6. The girl, wanting to read, entered the room.
7. The girl, although tired, read her book.
1. with the dazzling smile
2. everyone in the courtroom
3. happily and confidently
4. at nine o' clock
5. in the room
6. wanting to read
7. although tired
69
Which of the following sentences contains an adverbial phrase of time:
1. The model with the dazzling smile came from Durban.
2. Everyone in the courtroom stood when the Judge entered.
3. The girl entered the room happily and confidently.
4. The girl entered the room at nine o' clock.
5. The girl in the room was reading a book.
6. The girl, wanting to read, entered the room.
7. The girl, although tired, read her book.
Sentence 4
70
Which of the following sentences contains an adverbial phrase of concession:
1. The model with the dazzling smile came from Durban.
2. Everyone in the courtroom stood when the Judge entered.
3. The girl entered the room happily and confidently.
4. The girl entered the room at nine o' clock.
5. The girl in the room was reading a book.
6. The girl, wanting to read, entered the room.
7. The girl, although tired, read her book.
Sentence 7
71
Which of the following sentences contains an adverbial phrase of manner:
1. The model with the dazzling smile came from Durban.
2. Everyone in the courtroom stood when the Judge entered.
3. The girl entered the room happily and confidently.
4. The girl entered the room at nine o' clock.
5. The girl in the room was reading a book.
6. The girl, wanting to read, entered the room.
7. The girl, although tired, read her book.
Sentence 3
72
Which of the following sentences contains an adverbial phrase of reason:
1. The model with the dazzling smile came from Durban.
2. Everyone in the courtroom stood when the Judge entered.
3. The girl entered the room happily and confidently.
4. The girl entered the room at nine o' clock.
5. The girl in the room was reading a book.
6. The girl, wanting to read, entered the room.
7. The girl, although tired, read her book.
Sentence 6
73
Which of the following sentences contains an adverbial phrase of place:
1. The model with the dazzling smile came from Durban.
2. Everyone in the courtroom stood when the Judge entered.
3. The girl entered the room happily and confidently.
4. The girl entered the room at nine o' clock.
5. The girl in the room was reading a book.
6. The girl, wanting to read, entered the room.
7. The girl, although tired, read her book.
Sentence 5
74
Which of the following sentences contains an adjectival phrase:
1. The model with the dazzling smile came from Durban.
2. Everyone in the courtroom stood when the Judge entered.
3. The girl entered the room happily and confidently.
4. The girl entered the room at nine o' clock.
5. The girl in the room was reading a book.
6. The girl, wanting to read, entered the room.
7. The girl, although tired, read her book.
Sentence 1
75
Which of the following sentences contains a noun phrase:
1. The model with the dazzling smile came from Durban.
2. Everyone in the courtroom stood when the Judge entered.
3. The girl entered the room happily and confidently.
4. The girl entered the room at nine o' clock.
5. The girl in the room was reading a book.
6. The girl, wanting to read, entered the room.
7. The girl, although tired, read her book.
Sentence 2
76
Define the term 'clause'?
A clause is a group of words containing a finite verb.
77
What is the difference between a clause and a phrase?
A phrase is a group of words that does not contain a verb while a clause does contain a verb.
78
Name 2 types of clauses.
Main clause and subordinate clause
79
Name 3 types of subordinate clauses.
Noun clauses
Adjectival clauses
Adverbial clauses
80
List 3 characteristics of clauses.
1. A clause conveys a single idea
2. A clause is sensibly arranged within a sentence
3. A clause always contains a finite verb
81
How can you determine how many clauses there are in a sentence?
Underline all the finite verbs. A sentence contains the same number of clauses as finite verbs.
82
Define the term 'main clause'.
The main clause is the main idea of the sentence.
| It is able to stand alone and make a complete sentence.
83
Identify the main clause in the sentence below:
| The van came to a halt after it had run out of petrol.
The van came to a halt.
84
Define the term 'subordinate clause'.
The subordinate clause always contains a verb but cannot stand alone.
It is dependent on the main clause for its meaning.
A comma often separates the main clause from its subordinate clause.
85
Identify the subordinate clause in the sentence below:
| While the engine was running, the man jumped out of the car.
While the engine was running.
86
Define the term 'noun clause'.
Noun clauses perform the same functions as nouns and they can be replaced by it or that.
They may be the subject or object of the sentence and answer to who or what.
87
Define the term 'adjectival clause'.
An adjectival clause always qualifies a word or words in the main clause.
It usually begins with who, which, that, whom and whose.
It is similar to the additional information that is found in parenthesis.
88
Define the term 'adverbial clause'.
Adverbial clauses perform the same functions as adverbs.
| They give you more information about the verb.
89
List 8 classifications of adverbial clauses.
1. Time
2. Place
3. Manner
4. Reason
5. Concession
6. Result
7. Purpose
8. Condition
90
Identify the subordinate clauses in the sentences below:
1. What they learnt at school helped them in the work place.
2. The girl who had the longest hair won the beauty competition.
3. She was so ill that she was hospitalised.
1. what they learnt at school
2. who had the longest hair
3. so ... that she was hospitalised
91
Which of the sentences below contain an adverbial clause
1. What they learnt at school helped them in the work place.
2. The girl who had the longest hair won the beauty competition.
3. She was so ill that she was hospitalised.
Sentence 3
92
Which of the sentences below contain a noun clause
1. What they learnt at school helped them in the work place.
2. The girl who had the longest hair won the beauty competition.
3. She was so ill that she was hospitalised.
Sentence 1
93
Which of the sentences below contain an adjectival clause
1. What they learnt at school helped them in the work place.
2. The girl who had the longest hair won the beauty competition.
3. She was so ill that she was hospitalised.
Sentence 2
94
How do you identify adverbial clauses of time?
Find the part of the sentence that answers the question of when.
95
How do you identify adverbial clauses of place?
Find the part of the sentence that answers the question of where.
96
How do you identify adverbial clauses of manner?
Find the part of the sentence that answers the question of how.
97
How do you identify adverbial clauses of reason?
Find the part of the sentence that answers the question of why.
98
How do you identify adverbial clauses of concession?
Find the part of the sentence that contains the words though, although or however.
99
How do you identify adverbial clauses of result?
Find the part of the sentence that answers the question of so ... that.
100
How do you identify adverbial clauses of purpose?
Find the part of the sentence that answers the question of so that.
101
How do you identify adverbial clauses of condition?
Find the part of the sentence that contains the words if or unless.
