sentences Flashcards

1
Q

امریکا راه حل تمامی مشکلات بین اللمللی را در اعمال تحریم و تهدید علیه کشورها میبیند که نشان دهنده عدم شناخت انها از وضع نوین جهان است

A

the united states seeks the solution to all international problems threatening and imposing sanctions against other countries, which is proof of their poor judgment of the new world order

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2
Q

اون جان خود را برای نجات دو‌کودک از اتش به خطر انداخت که نشان دهنده شجاعت او‌ بود

A

he risked his life to save two children from fire, which was absolute brave of him

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3
Q

او‌جای خود را به یک خانم مسن داد که نشان داد ادم با ملاحظه ای بود

A

she gave up her seat to an elderly lady, which was considerate of her

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4
Q

من به شما پیشنهاد میکنم که از شهر شیراز دیدن کنید که شهری باستانی است

A

I recommend that you visit shiraz, which is an ancient city

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5
Q

من به شما پیشنهاد میکنم که از شهر شیراز دیدن کنید که در ان مکان های دیدنی فراوانی خواهید یافت

A

I recommend that you visit shiraz, where you can find lots of interesting sights

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6
Q

من پیشنهاد میکنم درباره این موضوع فردا بحث کنیم که اولین روز اغاز پروژه است

A

I recommend that we discuss the matter tomorrow, which is the first day of the project

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7
Q

دولت ها باید به همه مردمی که در زمان جنگ اسیب دیده اند کمک کنند

A

governments must help all of the peaple who were harmed during wars

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8
Q

دانشگاه ها میتوانند برای افراد کم بضاعت که توان پرداخت هزینه شهریه را ندارند تمهیداتی بیندیشند

A

universities can find solutions to solve the problems of peaple who cannot afford tuitions

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9
Q

دانشمندان میتوانند در اینده نزدیک راه حلی برای مشکلات زیست محیطی که گریبانگیر انسان هاست پیدا کنند

A

scientists can find answers to environmental problems which peaple are suffering from in near future

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10
Q

کامپیوتر هایی مه سرعت بسیار بالایی دارند در گذشته بسیار گران تر بودند

A

computers which are very fast were far more expensive in the past

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11
Q

شغل هایی که نام شان بسیار طولانی است اغلب از اهمیت کمتری برخوردار هستند

A

the jobs whose names are long are often less important

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12
Q

مدیران شرکت های بزرگ‌ در گذشته میتوانستند تغییراتی را در نظام‌اقتصادی کشور ها بوجود بیاورند که‌منجر به شکست شرکت های کوچکتر میشد

A

managers of big companies could make changes in the economic systems of countries which would result in failure of smaller businesses

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13
Q

میزان بازدید از وبسایت اینستاگرام به شدت افزایش
پیدا کرد که نشان دهنده تغییر سلیقه کاربران بود

A

visits to instagram rose rapidly which showed users’ change of mind

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14
Q

تولیدات بسیاری از کشورهای اروپایی که عضو‌اتحادیه اروپا نبودند به طرز چشمگیری کاهش یافته است

A

the products of the european countries which were not members of EU decreased remarkably

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15
Q

امروزه بسیاری از متخصصان امور تکنولوژی که همواره در‌حال پیشرفت است معتقدند سقفی برای پیشرفت تکنولوژی وجود ندارد

A

nowadays many experts in the field of technology which is improving fast believe that there is no limit to technological advancements

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16
Q

طبق تحلیل های سازمان های بین المللی که اعتبارشان بسیار زیاد است امروزه گسترش اعتیاد به شدت صعودی است

A

According to international organizations which are absolutely credible, addiction is quickly increasing

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17
Q

مواد غذایی که بیشتر از سه روز در فضاهایی که گرم هستند باقی بمانند میتوانند باعث بروز بیماری شوند

A

food which has been left in places where it is warm can cause disease

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18
Q

ساعت هایی که در انها تحقیقات علمی وجود دارند در حقیقت سرمایه گذاری بلند مدت برای موفقیت هستند

A

The hours in which there are scientific research are actually long-term
investigations into the success path

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19
Q

الودگی نوری که امروزه در بسیاری از شهر های بزرگ دیده میشود تنها دارای نکات منفی نیست

A

Light pollution which is seen in many megacities these days does not only have disadvantages

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20
Q

قیمت مسکن‌در‌شهرهای کوچک که کمتر از ۱۰۰۰۰ هزار نفر جمعیت دارند به طرز چشمگیری افزایش داشته است

A

The property price in small towns which have the population under 10000 peaple had a signicant rise

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21
Q

سالهای زیادی که صرف تحصیل در دانشگاه ها میشوند میتوانند در بخش تحقیقات صرف شوند

A

Several years which are spent on education at universities can be used for research

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22
Q

دلیل اینکه بسیاری از ثروتمندان در کشورهای توسعه نیافته منفور هستند خسیس بودنشان است

A

the reason why the rich in underdeveloped countries are hated is their being stingy

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23
Q

خیابان هایی که نامشان زیبا هستند معمولا در تهران گران تر هستند

A

The streets whose names are more beautiful are more expensive in tehran

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24
Q

مردم مسن بیشتر در ساعات اول صبح که خیابان ها خلوت تر هستند به خرید میروند

A

The elderly mostly go shopping early in the morning when the streets are quieter

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25
Q

درصد رشد جمعیت در برزیل که در ان افراد زیر ۳۰ سال بیشتر بودند از بقیه بالاتر بود

A

the percentage of population growth in brazil where the were more peaple under 30 was higher than the others

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26
Q

دولت هایی که در افزایش تولید موفق بودند بیشتر توانستند مردم را راضی نگه دارند

A

The fovernments which were successful in productivity could keep peaple satisfied

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27
Q

a sea of decisions stretches before us

A

to spread over a large area or distance

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28
Q

ابر عظیمی از دود متراکم در سراسر افق کشیده شد

A

A huge cloud of dense smoke stretched across the horizon

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29
Q

ماسه ها به طول 7250 کیلومتر در امتداد ساحل غربی آمریکای جنوبی امتداد دارند

A

the sandes stretch for 7,250 km along the west coast of south America

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30
Q

آب و هوای ناآرام از دره می سی سی پی میانی تا ایالت های اقیانوس اطلس میانه جنوبی امتداد خواهد داشت.

A

unsettled weather will stretch from the middle Mississippi valley to the southern Middle Atlantic states

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31
Q

کمپ های پناهندگان تا جایی که چشم کار می کند امتداد دارند

A

the refugee camps stretch as far as eye can see

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32
Q

should I try the latest diet craze

A

an eating plan in which someone eats less food, or only particular types of food, because he or she wants to become thinner or for medical eeasons

Diet craze refers to the type of diet that has become fashionable

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33
Q

من هفته آینده رژیم میگیرم و امیدوارم تا قبل از کریسمس ده پوند وزن کم کنم.

یک رژیم غذایی سخت / سخت / کنترل شده با کالری

دکتر مرا در رژیم غذایی کم نمک قرار داد تا فشار خونم کاهش یابد

A

I’m going on a diet next week and hope to lose ten pounds before christmas.
a crash/steict/calorie-controlled diet
the doctor put me on a low-salt diet to reduce my blood presure

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34
Q

این راهی برای نزدیک شدن به یک سوال است

من مطمئن نیستم که چگونه به مشکل نزدیک شوم

A

this is a way of approaching a question

to deal with something:
I’m not sure how to approach the problem

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35
Q

به ما اجازه می دهد تا با دقت یک موقعیت را تجزیه کنیم

A

allows us to carefully deconstruct a situation

to break sth down into its seperate parts in order to understand its meaning, especially when this is different from how it was previously underestood:

We should deconstruct the Western myth of human rights.
ما باید اسطوره غربی حقوق بشر را تخریب کنیم.

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36
Q

مسائل پنهان آن مانند سوگیری و دستکاری را آشکار
کند
او به دلیل افشای اسرار به روس ها به زندان افتاد.
بیوگرافی او نشان داد که او آنقدرها که همه فکر می کردند ثروتمند نیست.
او نمی گفت کجا تخم های شکلاتی او را پنهان کرده بود

A

reveal its hidden issues, such as bias and manipulation

to make down or show sth that is surprising or that was previously secret:

He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians.

(+that) Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought.

(+question word) He would not reveal where he had hidden her chocolate eggs

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37
Q

همه گزینه های موجود را در معرض بررسی و شک و
تردید قرار دهید
تحقیقات نشان داد که آنها مورد رفتار ناعادلانه قرار گرفته اند
من نمی خواستم او را تحت چنین رانندگی طولانی قرار دهم

A

SUBJECT all available options TO scrutiny and skepticism

to make someone or sth experience an unpleasant or worrying thing:
The investigation found that they had been subjected to unfair treatment

“I didn’t want to subject him to such a long drive!” she said

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38
Q

using the tools AT THEIR DISPOSAL
at sb’s disposal -formal
اگه بتونم میبرمت ولی این هفته ماشینی در اختیار ندارم
پس از فروش خانه، مقدار زیادی پول در اختیار داشت

A

با استفاده از ابزارهایی که در اختیار دارند
available to be used by someone:
I would take you if I could, but I don’t have a car at my disposal this week

Having sold the house she had a larg sum of money at her disposal(= to spend as she wanted)

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39
Q

دلایل شما برای انجام این کار ممکن است توسط عوامل دیگر مبهم باشد

A

your reasons for doing so may BE Obscured by other factors

to male sth difficult to discover and understand:
Managers deliberately obscured the deal situation from federal investigators
مدیران به عمد وضعیت معامله را از بازرسان فدرال پنهان کردند

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40
Q

اگر با یک نمای واضح به وضعیت نزدیک شوید

A

if you approach the situation with A Clear View

an opinion, beleif, or idea, or a way of thinking about sth:
do you have any views About/On what we should do now?
آیا نظری در مورد/درباره کاری که اکنون باید انجام دهیم دارید؟
IN my view, her criticism were completely justified
به نظر من، انتقاد او کاملاً موجه بود
(+that) it’s my view THAT the price is much to high
این نظر من است که قیمت بسیار زیاد است
many peaple Have/Hold/Share/Take the view That children should not be phisically punished
بسیاری از مردم این نظر را دارند که کودکان نباید تنبیه بدنی شوند
everyone will have a chance to Make their views Known at the meeting
همه این فرصت را خواهند داشت که نظرات خود را در جلسه اعلام کنند
we had a friendly Exchange Of views (=discussion)
ما یک تبادل نظر دوستانه داشتیم
i Take a very Dim/Poor view Of this kind of behavior (=think that this type of behavior is unacceptable)
من دیدگاه بسیار مبهم/ ضعیفی نسبت به این نوع رفتار دارم

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41
Q

که شما را به غربال کردن اطلاعات به صورت انتقادی
مجهز می کند
پلیس شواهد را با دقت بررسی می کند تا فرد مجرم را
پیدا کند
پس از مرگ پدرم، مجبور شدم تمام اوراق او را غربال کنم

A

that will equip you To Sift through information critically

to make a close examination of all the parts of sth in order to to find sth or to separate what is useful from what is not:

the police are sifting the evidence very carefully to try and find the guilty person

after my father’s death, I had to sift Through all his papers

the police are trying to sift Out the genuine warnings From all the hoax calls they have received
پلیس در تلاش است تا اخطارهای واقعی را از تمام تماس های دروغینی که دریافت کرده است حذف کند

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42
Q

تصمیم بگیرید که آیا مد جدید واقعاً با نیازهای شما مطابقت دارد یا خیر

A

decide whether the new FAD really suits your needs

a style, activity, or interest that is very popular for a short period of time:
the latest health fad
جدیدترین مد سلامتی
UK There was a fad FOR wearing ripped jeans a few years ago
انگلستان چند سال پیش یک مد برای پوشیدن شلوار جین پاره وجود داشت

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43
Q

داشتن یک ایده روشن از سوال خود به شما کمک می کند تا آنچه مرتبط است را تعیین کنید

تعداد کارکنانی که می‌توانیم استخدام کنیم، بر اساس میزان پولی که مجاز به خرج کردن هستیم، تعیین می‌شود

A

having a clear idea of your question will help you DETERMINE what’s relevant

to control or influence sth directly, or to decide what will happen:

The number of staff we can take on will determined by how much money we’re allowed to spend

Your health is determined in part by what you eat
سلامتی شما تا حدی با آنچه می خورید تعیین می شود

Eye color is genotically determined
رنگ چشم به صورت ژنتیکی تعیین می شود

(+question word) formal officials will determine WHether or not the game will be played
مقامات رسمی تعیین خواهند کرد که آیا بازی انجام خواهد شد یا خیر

Peaple should be allowed to determine their own future
باید به مردم اجازه داد که آینده خود را تعیین کنند

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44
Q

SEEK other peaple testimonies

A

به دنبال شهادت دیگران باشید
to ask for advice, help, approval, permission, etc.:
Legal advice should be sought before you take any further action.
قبل از هر اقدام دیگری باید از مشاوره حقوقی استفاده کنید
I was expelled from school and forced to seek work
از مدرسه اخراج شدم و مجبور شدم دنبال کار بروم
You should seek compensation
شما باید به دنبال جبران باشید
If symptoms persist seek medical attention
در صورت تداوم علائم به پزشک مراجعه کنید
Contribution are being sought for the disaster fund
به دنبال کمک برای صندوق بلایای طبیعی هستند
He had activity sought a pardon from the president
او فعالیت هایی را به دنبال عفو رئیس جمهور داشت

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45
Q

information gathering helps you WEIGH different options

A

جمع آوری اطلاعات به شما کمک می کند تا گزینه های مختلف را وزن کنید
to carefully consider, especially by comparing facts or possibilities, in order to make a decision:
Only when we have weighed the factors involved can we decide when would be the best time to start
تنها زمانی که عوامل دخیل را سنجیدیم، می توانیم تصمیم بگیریم که بهترین زمان برای شروع چه زمانی است
Economic benefit must be carefully weighed AGAINST the possible dangers of handling radioactive waste
منافع اقتصادی باید به دقت در برابر خطرات احتمالی کار با زباله های رادیواکتیو سنجیده شود

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46
Q

what is SHAPING my approach to this situation?

A

چه چیزی رویکرد من به این وضعیت را شکل می دهد؟
to decide or influence the form of sth, especially a belief or idea, or someone’s character:
Many peaple are not able to shape their own destinies
بسیاری از مردم قادر به تعیین سرنوشت خود نیستند
My relationship with my father played a major part in shaping my attitude toward men
رابطه من با پدرم نقش مهمی در شکل دادن به نگرش من نسبت به مردان داشت
He was very influential in shaping the country’s economic policy/strategy
او در شکل دادن به سیاست/استراتژی اقتصادی کشور بسیار تاثیرگذار بود

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47
Q

consider the IMPLICATIONS
imlications

A

پیامدها را در نظر بگیرید
the effect that an action or decision will have on sth else in the future:

The company is cutting back its spending and I wonder what the implications will be FOR our department
این شرکت در حال کاهش هزینه های خود است و من نمی دانم که چه پیامدهایی برای بخش ما خواهد داشت
What are the implications OF the new law?
پیامدهای قانون جدید چیست؟

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48
Q

AT FIRST GALANCE it seems great
at first galance

A

در نگاه اول عالی به نظر می رسد
at first galance
when first looking:
At first galance I thought it was a dog ( but I was mistaken)
در نگاه اول فکر کردم سگ است
اما من اشتباه کردم

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49
Q

if gasoline use is less RESTRICTED by cost
restricted

A

اگر مصرف بنزین کمتر از نظر هزینه محدود شده باشد
to limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit sth and reduce its size or prevent it from increasing:

measures to restrict the sale of alcohol
اقداماتی برای محدود کردن فروش الکل

The governmnt has restricted freedom of movement into and out of the country
دولت آزادی رفت و آمد به داخل و خارج از کشور را محدود کرده است

Having small children really restrict your social life
داشتن فرزندان کوچک واقعاً زندگی اجتماعی شما را محدود می کند

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50
Q

cause A HUGE SURGE in air pollution

A

باعث افزایش شدید آلودگی هوا می شود
a sudden and great increase:

An unexpected surge IN electrical power caused the computer to crash
افزایش غیرمنتظره برق باعث از کار افتادن کامپیوتر شد

There has been a surge IN house prices recently
اخیراً قیمت مسکن افزایش یافته است

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51
Q

why so many peaple are DRAWN TO the policies of the opposing candidate

A

چرا بسیاری از مردم به سمت سیاست های نامزد مخالف کشیده می شوند
to attract attention or interest:

He’s an exellent speaker who always draws a crowd
او یک سخنران عالی است که همیشه جمعیت را به خود جلب می کند

Could I draw your ATTENTION TO item number three in agenda?
آیا می توانم توجه شما را به موضوع شماره سه در دستور کار جلب کنم؟
agendaموضوع مورد بحث‌روز، دستور کار‌جلسه

UK does he wear those ridiculous clothes to draw ATTENTION to himself?
آیا او آن لباس های مسخره را می پوشد تا توجه را به خود جلب کند؟

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52
Q

exploring the FULL SPECTRUM of viewpoints

A

کاوش در طیف کامل از دیدگاه ها
a range of different positions, opinions, etc. between two extreme points:

He has support from across the whole POLITICAL spectrum
او از سراسر طیف سیاسی حمایت می کند
(از همه ی طیف های سیاسی)

The group includes student from both ends of the SOCIAL spectrum (= range of social classes)
این گروه شامل دانش آموزانی از هر دو انتهای طیف اجتماعی است
A wide spectrum OF opinion was represented at the meeting
در این جلسه طیف وسیعی از نظرات ارائه شد

My disease in nowhere near as bad as hers but they are ON the same spectrum
بیماری من به اندازه بیماری او بد نیست، اما آنها در همان طیف هستند

the AUTISM spectrum
طیف اوتیسم

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53
Q

explain why some policies that don’t seem valid to you APPEAL TO others

A

توضیح دهید که چرا برخی از سیاست‌ها که به نظر شما معتبر نیستند، برای دیگران جذاب هستند
the quality in someone or sth that makes him, her, or it attractive or interesting:

SEX appeal
جذابیت جنسی

Spielberg’s movie have a WIDE appeal
فیلم اسپیلبرگ جذابیت گسترده ای دارد

the used to be a marvelous hotel but it has LOST its appeal in recent years
قبلاً هتل شگفت انگیزی بود اما در سال های اخیر جذابیت خود را از دست داده است

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54
Q

allow you to explore alternatives

A

to think or talk about sth in order to find out more about it:

Divers exploring the wreck managed to salvage some coins and jewelry
غواصانی که در حال کاوش در لاشه کشتی بودند موفق شدند تعدادی سکه و جواهرات را نجات دهند

we went on an expedition to explore the flora and fauna of Hornchurch Wood
ما به یک سفر برای کشف گیاهان و جانوران چوب هورچورچ رفتیم

virtual reality aims to give us artificial worlds to explore, outside normal space and time
هدف واقعیت مجازی این است که جهان های مصنوعی را در خارج از فضا و زمان عادی به ما بدهد

a website may have many different web pages for you to click on and explore
یک وب‌سایت ممکن است دارای صفحات وب مختلفی باشد که می‌توانید روی آن کلیک کرده و کاوش کنید

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55
Q

make more INFORMED decision

A

تصمیم آگاهانه تری بگیرید
having a lot of knowledge or information about sth:

an informed choice/opinion
یک انتخاب/نظر اگاهانه

the school promised to KEEP parents informed ABOUT the situation
مدرسه قول داد والدین را در جریان وضعیت قرار دهد

Elizabeth is remarkably WELL-informed
الیزابت به طرز قابل توجهی آگاه است

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56
Q

شکی وجود ندارد که از زمانیکه کامپیوتر بکار گرفته شد یادگیری و‌اموزش تغییرات زیادی پیدا کرده است.

A

there is no doubt that education and learning has changed tremendously
since computer was introduced

time clause
وقتی جمله اصلی حال کامل است، بعد از since, تایم کلاز باید گذشته ساده ترجمه شود

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57
Q

many believe that after technology was used in education, the role of the teachers in the classroom faded/weaked in the final decades of the last century.

A

بسیاری بر این باورند که در دهه های اخر قرن‌گذشته پس‌از انکه تکنولوژی در اموزش بکار‌گرفته شد نقش
معلمین در کلاس های درس کمرنگ شد.

time clause

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58
Q

وقتی ذائقه کودکان به خوردن هله هوله عادت کرد انها دیگر تمایلی به خوردن غذاهای سالم مثل سبزیجات نخواهند داشت.

A

when children get accustomed to eating junk food, they won’t eat healthier food like vegetables.

time clause
after get accustomed verb must come with ing

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59
Q

Inmates learn about new and innovative of criminal conduct while they are serving their prison term/time.

A

بسیاری از مجرمین در‌دوران‌ سپری کردن محکومیت خود در زندان با روش های جدید تر ارتکاب جرم اشنا میشوند

time clause

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60
Q

صنعت در جایی رشد و‌توسعه پیدا میکند که سرمایه گزاری مناسب انجام شده باشد.

A

Industry grow and improve where there has been enough investment

adverbial clause of place

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61
Q

او‌ را هر‌کجا‌که یافتید دستگیر کنید

A

He must be arrested wherever he may be found

adverbial clause of place

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62
Q

many peaple prefer to invest their money somewhere they can get quick profit

A

بسیاری از مردم ترجیح‌میدهند که پول خود را در جایی سرمایه گذاری کنند که سریع به سود برسند

adverbial clause of place

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63
Q

نمیتوان انکار کرد که جهانی سازی در هرکجا که اتفاق افتاد منجر به نتایج مثبت و منفی شده است

A

It is undeniabal that/there is no doubt that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects wherever it happened.

adverbial clause of place

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64
Q

تمام کشور ها تلاش میکنند تا بتوانند برای مردم خود رفاه بوجود اورند

A

all countries try their best to/in order to/ so as to create a level of welfare for their peaple

adverbial clause of purpose

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65
Q

برای اینکه یک برند موفق باشد باید مدیریتی قوی‌و‌ تبلیغاتی مستمر داشته باشد

A

A brand or organisation must have must have strong management and continuous advertising in order to/ so as to succeed.

adverbial clause of purpose

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66
Q

the prison service should try to rehabilitate prisoners so that they can lead normal lives when they leave the prison.

A

سازمان زندان باید تلاش کند تا زندانیان را به گونه ای بازپروری کند تا در هنگام خروج از زندان بتوانند زندگی عادی داشته باشند.

adverbial clause of purpose
برای so that معمولا‌از یک‌ مودال استفاده میکنیم
may,might,can,could,would
استفاده از مودال شکل رسمی تر میدهد

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67
Q

بسیاری از کارخانه ها از روبات استفاده میکنند که دقت و‌سرعت در تولید را افزایش میدهد

A

many factories use robots so that they can improve speed and precision in production.

adverbial clause of purpose

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68
Q

در ایران باستان یک سیستم چاپار پستی ابداع شده بود تا بتوانند به سرعت به سراسر کشور پیغام رسانی کنند.

A

In ancient persia, they had invented a relay postal service so that they could send messages across the country fast

adverbial clause of purpose

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69
Q

پرتاب ماهواره کنسل شد چون سیستم‌ها درست عمل نکردند

A

the satellite launch was aborted because there was a malfunction in the sustems

adverbial clause of reason

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70
Q

As/since the national health services in many countries do not provide good care, many patients prefer to refer to private health centres.

A

از انجاییکه در بسیاری از کشورها سیستم درمان دولتی سرویس خوبی ارائه نمیدهند تعداد زیادی از بیماران به مراکز دزمان خصوصی مراجعه می‌کنند

adverbial clause of reason
عبارات میتوانند جابجا شوند.کاما نمیخواد

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71
Q

we cancelled the match because of the rain
we cancelled the match because it was raining

A

because of + noun
because + clause

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72
Q

بسیاری از پزشکان باور دارند که اغلب بیماری های جسمی بدلیل فشارهای روحی روانی است.

A

Many doctors are of the opinion that a host of physical illnesses are due to mental stresses.

Many doctors believe that peaple have physical problems because they are stressed

Many doctors believe that a host of physical problems because of mental stresses

Many doctors are of the opinion that a host of physical illnesses are due to the fact that peaple are stressed out

adverbial clause of reason

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73
Q

بسیاری از پروژه ها بدلیل عدم‌توانایی سازمان ها در مدیریت بودجه در اختیارشان شکست میخورند

A

Many projects fail due to the fact that organizations are unable to administer the funds available to them

Many projects fail due to organizations’ inability to administer the funds available to them

due to + noun
due to the fact that + clause

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74
Q

دوره چندان مرتبط و جالب نبود بنابراین برخی از دانش اموزان از اواسط دوره ان را ترک‌کردند

A

The course was not quite relevant and interesting, so some of the students began to drop out in the middle of the course.

adverbial clause of result

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75
Q

من با این فصل از کتاب مشکلات زیادی داشتم بنابراین برای کمک پیش استادم رفتم

A

I had serious problems with this chapter, so I made an appointment with my teacher to ask for advice

adverbial clause of result
بجای میتوان از اینها استفاده کرد
therefore
thus
hence
as a result
as a consequence
for this reason

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76
Q

the players were my heros. Therefore, my dad was my hero because he was the captain.

the players were my heros; therefore, my dad was my hero because he was the captain.

the players were my heros, and therefore my dad was my hero because he was the captain.

A

adverbial clause of result
therefore قیده و‌باید شبیه یکی از این سه حالت استفاده شود

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77
Q

سخنران جلسه بیمار است وبنابراین باید جلسه را به وقت دیگری موکول کنیم

A

The meeting lecture is ill; therefore, we must reschedule the meeting

adverbial clause of result

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78
Q

این دو‌خط همدیگر را قطع میکنند بنابراین پارالل نیستند

A

The two lines intesect; therefore, they are not parallel

adverbial clause of result

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79
Q

He was not satisfied; thus/hence, we need to prepare a new proposal.

A

adverbial claise of result

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80
Q

the viruse attacks the cells, and as a consequence kills them

A

sometimes, peaple with equal opportunities make different decisions, and as a consequence they get different results.

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81
Q

Animals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical.

poverty level in the country is high as a result of two decades of civil war.

A

As a result of + noun
As a consequence of + noun

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82
Q

همانطور که قبلا کفتم این نوع اموزش منسوخ شده است

A

Just as I said before/As I said before, this kind of education is now / has become obsolete

adverbial claise of manner

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83
Q

as if/ as though

A

انگار‌که
It smells as if something is burning

He behaved as though he was the boss there

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84
Q

انگار که نه دولت ها و نه مردم موضوع گرم شدن زمین را جدی نگرفته اند

A

It seems as though neither the governments nor the peaple have taken global warming seriously.

adverbial claise of manner

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85
Q

در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا مردم طوری با حیاط وحش رقتار میکنند که انگار صاحب ان هستند

A

In many parts of the world peaple treat wildlife as if they own it.

adverbial clause of manner

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86
Q

انگار که‌محل زندگی حیوانات برای گسترش مناطق مسکونی در حال تخریب می باشد.

A

It looks as if/ as though residential areas are being developed at the expense of wildlife habitats.

adverbial clause of manner

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87
Q

adverbial clause of concession

A

adverbial clause of concession
although
even though
in spite of
despite
in spite of the fact that
despite the fact that
while
whereas

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88
Q

گرچه کامپیوتر بسیاری از امور را اسان کرده ولی در عین حال باعث شده فعالیت بدنی کاربران کاهش پیدا کند

A

Although computers have facilitated most affairs, they have in the meantime reduced the users’ level of physical activity.

adverbial clause of concession

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89
Q

گرچه کامپیوتر سرعت محاسبات را بالا برده ولی به نظر میرسد که باعث شده تا ما کمتر فکر کنیم

A

Though computers have accelerated the rate of calculations, it seems they have caused us to use our brains less.

adverbial clause of concession

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90
Q

گرچه گواهی مستدلی در دست نیست ولی کفته میشود که‌کار کردن با کامپیوتر باعث به وجود امدن تومورهای معزی میشود

A

While there is no conclusive evidence, it is said that computers can cause brain tumors.

adverbial clause of concession

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91
Q

Despite their poor security, peaple use computers in transactions

A

adverbial clause of concession

despite + noun
in spite of + noun

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92
Q

کامپیوتر ها علی رغم قابلیت های زیادی که دارند، از احساس کردن عاجزند

A

despite the fact that computers have numerous capabilities, they cannot feel.

adverbial clause of concession

despite the fact that + clause
in spite the fact that + clause

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93
Q

the information was checked and then rechecked (and then)
His stay in London was both happy and successful (both and)

A

and a conjunction used when joining two words or clauses in one sentence

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94
Q

Smoking causes lung cancer. It has also linked to heart disease.
Although most of her books are for adults, she also writes for children.
The country’s mineral resources consist not only of diamonds but also of oil.

A

سیگار باعث سرطان ریه می شود. همچنین با بیماری قلبی مرتبط است.
اگرچه بیشتر کتاب های او برای بزرگسالان است، اما او برای کودکان نیز می نویسد.
منابع معدنی این کشور نه تنها از الماس بلکه از نفت نیز تشکیل شده است.

also adverb
when adding another fact or mentioning another person or thing

grammer: you can also go swimming not you also can
don’t use also with two negative statements. Use not…either
she does not drink. she does not smoke either.
either اینجا بجای too استفاده شده
either در انتهای جملات منفی بهتر است

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95
Q

wind energy is cheap. It is good for the environment too.
The long hours at work began to affect his health. They affected his personal life as well.
As well as being an artist and designer, Morris was also a polotical thinker
There are sports facilities available for girls as well as boys.

A

too/as well adverb
در پایان جملات مثبت استفاده میشود

grammer: their used at the end of the sentence except as well as can come at the beginning

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96
Q

A fifth of the world’s population lives on less than $1 a day l. In addition, over 100 million children are living on the streets.
Over 600 peaple will lose their jobs, in addition to the 400 peaple who left the company last year.
In addition to being a major oil producer, Nigeria is home to over 110 million people.

A

یک پنجم جمعیت جهان با کمتر از 1 دلار در روز زندگی می کنند. علاوه بر این، بیش از 100 میلیون کودک در خیابان ها زندگی می کنند.
بیش از 600 نفر شغل خود را از دست خواهند داد، به اضافه 400 نفری که سال گذشته شرکت را ترک کردند.
نیجریه علاوه بر اینکه یک تولیدکننده بزرگ نفت است، خانه بیش از 110 میلیون نفر است.

grammer: In addition, furthermore, and moreover are very commonly used in essays.

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97
Q

the drug has strong side effects. Furthermore, it can be addictive.

there is no evidence to link him with the murder. Moreover, the murder weapon has still not benn found.

Ireland’s economy has grown far faster than those of its neighbors. Moreover, inflation has stayed low.

A

این دارو عوارض جانبی قوی دارد. علاوه بر این، می تواند اعتیاد آور باشد.
هیچ مدرکی برای ارتباط او با قتل وجود ندارد. علاوه بر این، سلاح قتل هنوز پیدا نشده است.
اقتصاد ایرلند بسیار سریعتر از اقتصاد همسایگان خود رشد کرده است. علاوه بر این، تورم پایین مانده است

furthermore/ moreover adverb
used specially when trying to persuade peaple to agree with what you are saying.

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98
Q

As he got older, his films became very strange, not to mention violent.

Big 4-wheel-drive vehicles cause so much environmental damage through pollution, not to mention the danger they pose to pedestrians and cyclists.

A

با بزرگتر شدن، فیلم هایش بسیار عجیب و غریب شدند، البته خشن.

وسایل نقلیه بزرگ 4 چرخ متحرک از طریق آلودگی صدمات زیادی به محیط زیست وارد می کنند، بدون ذکر خطری که برای عابران پیاده و دوچرخه سواران ایجاد می کنند.

not to mention adding stu at the end of the sentence

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99
Q

peaple are leaving countryside because they cannot find work there.

The streets wereflooded because of all the rain.
Because of the use of chemical fertilizers, there are fewer fish in our rivers.

Many firms are building factories there, because wages are much lower.

A

مردم روستا را ترک می کنند زیرا نمی توانند در آنجا کار پیدا کنند.

به خاطر این همه باران، خیابان ها آبگرفته بود.
به دلیل استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی، ماهی کمتری در رودخانه های ما وجود دارد.

بسیاری از شرکت ها در آنجا کارخانه می سازند، زیرا دستمزدها بسیار کمتر است.

because conjunction
because+clause
because of+noun

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100
Q

The delay was due to a problem with the ship’s engines.

Local authorities have been slow to build recycling facilities, mainly owing to lack of money.

The men did most of the work in the fields. this was partly due to the fact that the men were stronger.

Due to the danger of fire, peaple are adviced not to drop cigarettes on the ground.

A

این تاخیر به دلیل مشکل در موتورهای کشتی بود.

مقامات محلی در ساختن تاسیسات بازیافت کند بوده اند که عمدتاً به دلیل کمبود پول بوده است.

مردان بیشتر کار را در مزرعه انجام می دادند. این تا حدودی به این دلیل بود که مردان قوی تر بودند.

به دلیل خطر آتش سوزی به مردم توصیه می شود سیگار را روی زمین نریزند.

due to/ owing to preposition

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101
Q

she succeeded through her own efforts.

They managed to win the game, partly through luck and partly through skill.

Thousands of working days are lost each year through illness.

A

او با تلاش خود موفق شد.

آنها توانستند بازی را ببرند، بخشی از طریق شانس و بخشی از طریق مهارت.

سالانه هزاران روز کاری به دلیل بیماری از دست می‌رود.

through preposition

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102
Q

Today, thanks to the internet, peaple can do all their shopping from home.

Thanks to ecidence in modern medicine, the disease can now be cured.

Reinhardt survival the war, mainly thanks to the help of a German officer who loved his music.

A

thanks to

امروزه، به لطف اینترنت، مردم می توانند همه خریدهای خود را از خانه انجام دهند.

به لطف ظهور در پزشکی مدرن، این بیماری اکنون قابل درمان است.

راینهارت از جنگ جان سالم به در برد، عمدتاً به لطف کمک یک افسر آلمانی که عاشق موسیقی او بود.

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103
Q

As it was a hot day, they decided to leave all the windows open.

Since it is difficult to predict how the climate will change, it is not possible to say which continues will suffer the most.

A

چون روز گرمی بود، تصمیم گرفتند تمام پنجره ها را باز بگذارند.

از آنجایی که پیش‌بینی چگونگی تغییر اقلیم دشوار است، نمی‌توان گفت که ادامه آن بیشترین آسیب را خواهد دید.

since ( also AS british english) conjunction used for positive forms

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104
Q

The court decided that in view of his age, he should be released.

In view of all the research on the subject, it seems strange that so many peaple still smoke cigarettes.

Most British peaple do not want to change from the pound to the Euro. this may seem surprising in view of the fact that they often use Euros on their holidays.

A

in view of

دادگاه تصمیم گرفت با توجه به سن او آزاد شود.

با توجه به تمام تحقیقات در مورد این موضوع، عجیب به نظر می رسد که بسیاری از مردم هنوز سیگار می کشند

اکثر مردم بریتانیا نمی خواهند از پوند به یورو تغییر کنند. این ممکن است با توجه به این واقعیت که آنها اغلب از یورو در تعطیلات خود استفاده می کنند شگفت آور به نظر برسد.

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105
Q

He satarted reading the book out of curiosity.

She asked the question out of politeness.

Out of desperation, he tried to borrow money from his neighbors.

A

او از روی کنجکاوی شروع به خواندن کتاب کرد.

از روی ادب این سوال را پرسید.

از سر ناامیدی سعی کرد از همسایگانش پول قرض کند

out of preposition

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106
Q

The plant’s leaves are big, but its flowers are quite small.

Her books are fascinating but often rather disturbing.

Many French dishes are basically simple, but they can take a long time to prepare.

Most of us value human life, but some peaple think of animals as being equally important.

A

but conjunction linking two words or phrases seem opposite or very different
,but + clause
but + noun

برگ های این گیاه بزرگ است، اما گل های آن بسیار کوچک است.

کتاب های او جذاب اما اغلب نگران کننده هستند.

بسیاری از غذاهای فرانسوی اساساً ساده هستند، اما آماده شدن آنها ممکن است زمان زیادی ببرد.

بسیاری از ما برای زندگی انسان ارزش قائل هستیم، اما برخی از مردم حیوانات را به همان اندازه مهم می دانند.

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107
Q

Although you are in the middle of the city, you feel as if you are in the countryside.

The windmill is still in good working order, although it has not been used since the 1950s.

Although lack of sleep causes some problems, it has a relatively small effect on performance at work.

A

although conjunction used when contrasting one clause with another

با اینکه در وسط شهر هستید، احساس می کنید که در حومه شهر هستید.

آسیاب بادی هنوز در شرایط کار خوب است، اگرچه از دهه 1950 استفاده نشده است.

اگرچه کمبود خواب باعث ایجاد برخی مشکلات می شود، اما تأثیر نسبتا کمی بر عملکرد در محل کار دارد.

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108
Q

از انجا که دولت ها کمک زیادی به فقرا نمیکنند، مردم باید در کمک به انها سهیم باشند.

A

Since governmet do not help the poor, peaple must contribute.

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109
Q

وقتی که فارغ التحصیلان شغلی نداشته باشند، هیجانی برای ورود به دانشگاه ها وجود نخواهد داشت.

A

when the alumni do not have jobs, there is no excitment for enteing universities.

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110
Q

در زمانی که بازدید از وبسایت فیسبوک در ایران کاهش یافت، سایت های دیگر خارجی بازدید بیشتری داشتند.

A

when the visit to facebook.com declined in iran, other foreign sites had more visits.

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111
Q

وقتی واردات ارزان تر از تولید داخلی باشد، کشورها دچار بیکاری شدید میشوند.

A

when imported goods are cheaper than domestic products, countries will face severe unemployment.

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112
Q

بیشترین میزان فرار مغز ها در کشورهای توسعه نیافته در زمانی است که تحصیلات ابتدایی انها تمام میشود.

A

Most brain drain cases accuring in undeveloped countries are when primary education is over.

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113
Q

قبل از اینکه تکنولوژی دنیای امروز را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد، مردم زندگی ساده تری داشتند.

A

Before technology influenced the world today, peaple used to have simpler lives.

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114
Q

بعد از اینکه میزان تحصیلات دانشگاهی در کشورها افزایش یافت، مردم کمتر به خرافات توجه کردند.

A

After higher education became more popular in countries, peaple paid less attention to superstitions.

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115
Q

به محض اینکه الودگی هوا از حد مجاز بیشتر شود، بسیاری از افراد مسن در معرض بیماری های مختلف قرار خواهند گرفت.

A

As soon as air pollution exceeds the standards, the elderly will face various diseases.

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116
Q

وقتی تلویزیون برنامه های مناسبی برای ارائه نداشته باشد، اینترنت و فضای مجازی قدرت بیشتری در جذب و اثرگذاری روی مخاطب دارد.

A

when television has no suitable program to offer, the internet and virtual world will have more power to attract and influence peaple.

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117
Q

در زمانی که سنگ در حال انتقال به کارخانه ها است، ممکن است دچار شکستگی شود.

A

when stone is on the way to be delivered to factories, it may break.

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118
Q

در‌کشورهایی که در انها نرخ بیکاری بیشتر بوده است، همیشه مشکلات مالی نیز افزایش یافته است.

A

In countries where unemployment rate is higher, financial problems have increased as well.

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119
Q

در جایی که فارغ التحصیلان شروع به کار میکنند، گاهی ابداعات جدیدی شروع میشود.

A

wherever alumni begin to work, innovations initiate.

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120
Q

بسیاری از غذاهای ناسالم در جاهایی سور‌میشوند که مردم مجبور به تهیه غذا از انها هستند.

A

Most unhealthy food is served in places from which peaple have to buy food.

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121
Q

در فروشگاه هایی که در انها قیمت ها ارزان تر هستند، خریداران راضی تر هستند.

A

In stores where the prices are lower, shoppers are more satisfied.

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122
Q

در شهرهایی که در انها میزان بیکاری بیشتر است، جرم نیز بیشتر است.

A

The crime rate has increased in cities in which unemployment has gone up.

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123
Q

به دلیل عدم‌کنترل فرزندان توسط والدین، انها هر روز در معرض اعتیاد هستند.

A

As a result of lack of control by parents, children are exposed to addiction every day.

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124
Q

در برخی کشورها پوشش اهمیت بسیار کمی دارد چرا که انسانیت را در نوع لباس نمیبینند.

A

In some countries clothes do not matter since humanity is not defined by it.

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125
Q

مدهای جدید با برخی از فرهنگ ها همخوانی ندارند چرا که مسایل مذهبی در مدها در نظر گرفته نمیشود.

A

New fashion is not compatible with some cultures as religion is not considered in it

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126
Q

با توجه به اینکه الودگی‌محیط زیست در نهایت بر روی خود انسانها اثر خواهد گذاشت، باید راه سریعی برای مقابله با ان پیدا کرد.

A

Due to the fact that environment pollution will eventually have impacts on human beings, a quick step must be taken to combat it.

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127
Q

مخارج تحصیل در کشورهای اروپایی در سالهای اخیر بیشتر شده است زیرا مشکلات اقتصادی بر اموزش تاثیر گذاشته است.

A

education has become more expensive in european countries because economic problems have influenced education as well

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128
Q

در‌نتیجه مشکلات اقتصادی کشورهای توسعه نیافته، برخی از بانک ها مجبور به پرداخت وام های کمتر شدند.

A

As a consequence of economic issues in underdeveloped countries, some banks had to pay fewer loans.

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129
Q

به دلیل شیوع بیماری در کشورهای بیشتر، دولت ها دست به پرداخت هزینه های زیادی برای درمان زدند.

A

due to the contamination of more countries, governments paid hefty amounts for treatment.

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130
Q

با اینکه میزان خرید و فروش لبنیات در کشورهای اروپایی افزایش یافت، در سال ۲۰۱۵ میزان فروش کلی ان در دنیا کم‌تر شد.

A

Although dairy sales increased in some european countries, its general sale in the world dropped in 2015

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131
Q

به خاطر اینکه غذاهای اماده اثر‌منفی روی سلامتی دارند، در برخی کشورها در رستوران ها غذاهای سالم تری سرو‌ میشوند

A

As pre-cooked food affect health negatively, healthier food is served in restaurants in some countries.

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132
Q

از انجا‌که بسیاری از کشورها در‌مقابله با بیماری های واگیردار ناموفق بوده اند، سازمانهای جهانی باید وارد عمل شوند.

A

since many countries have failed to combot contagious diseases, international organization need to take action

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133
Q

از انجا که بسیاری از کشورها در مقابله با بیماری های واگیردار ناموفق بوده اند، سازمان های جهانی باید وارد عمل شوند

A

Since many countries have failed to combat contagious disease, international organizations need to take action

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134
Q

بخاطر اینکه غذاهای اماده اثر منفی روی سلامتی دارند، در برخی کشورها در رستوران ها غذاهای سالم تری سرو میشود

A

As pre-cooked food affect health negatively, healthier food is served in restaurants in some countries

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135
Q

با اینکه میزان خرید و فروش لبنیات در کشورهای اروپایی افزایش داشت، در سال ۲۰۱۵ میزان فروش‌کلی ان در دنیا کم‌تر شد

A

Although dairy sales increased in some European countries, its general sale in the world dropped in 2015

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136
Q

به دلیل شیوع بیماری در کشورهای بیشتر دولت ها دست به پرداخت هزینه های زیادی برای درمان زدند

A

Due to the contamination of more countries, governments paid hefty amounts for treatment

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137
Q

در نتیجه مشکلات اقتصادی کشورهای توسعه نیافته، برخی از بانک ها مجبور به پرداخت وام های کمتر شدند

A

As a consequence of economic issues in underdeveloped countries, some banks had to pay fewer loans

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138
Q

مخارج تحصیل در کشورهای اروپایی در سالهای اخیر بیشتر شده است زیرا مشکلات اقتصادی بر اموزش نیز تاثیر گذاشته است

A

Education has become more expensive in European countries because exonomic problems have influenced education as well

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139
Q

باتوجه به اینکه الودگی محیط زیست در نهایت بر روی خود انسانها اثر خواهد گذاشت، باید راه سریعی برای مقابله با ان پیدا کرد

A

Due to the fact that environment pollution will eventually have impacts on human beings, a quick step must be taken to combat it

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140
Q

مدهای جدید با برخی از فرهنگ ها همخوانی ندارند چرا که مسایل مذهبی در مدها در نظر گرفته نمیشود

A

New fashion is not compatible with some cultures as religion is not considered in it

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141
Q

در برخی کشورها پوشش اهمیت بسیار کمی دارد چرا که انسانیت را در نوع لباس نمیبینند

A

In some countries clothes do nor matter since humanity is not defined by it

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142
Q

به دلیل عدم کنترل فرزندان توسط والدین، انها هر روز در معرض اعتیاد هستند

A

As a result of lack of control by parents, children are exposed to addiction every day

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143
Q

اگر مدیران ارشد یک مجموعه اشتباه نکنند، مدیران رده های پایین تر نیز با دقت بیشتری کار میکنند

A

If the senior managers of an organization do not make mistakes, the junior managers will work more carfully

first conditional

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144
Q

اگر مسایل سیاسی وجود نداشت، بسیاری از افراد میتوانستند موفق تر باشند

A

if there were not any political issues, many peaple could be successful

second conditional

145
Q

اگر تولیدات زمین های کشاورزی کمتر میشد، بسیاری از مردم در دوره های مختلف تاریخی جان خود را از دست میدادند

A

If farm products had decreased, many peaple in various periods of history would have lost their lives

third conditional

146
Q

اگر میزان مصرف اینترنت در بین کودکان کمتر شود، احتمال بروز بیماری های چشمی در انها کاهش می یابد

A

If the internet use amongst children decreases, the likelihood of eye disease will decline

first conditional

147
Q

اگر جنگ های زیادی در طی تاریخ اتفاق نمی افتاد، شاید زمین سالها پیش بر اثر رشد زیاد جمعیت از بین میرفت

A

If there had not been so many wars in history, the earth would have been ruined by excessive population growth years ago

third conditional

148
Q

اگر افراد مهمی مانند معلمین از نظر مالی تامین نباشند، اینده جوامع به شدت به خطر خواهد افتاد

A

If key figures like teachers are not provided with a decent financial situation, the future of societies will be extremely in danger

first conditional

149
Q

اگر غذاهای سنتی بیشتری در رستوران ها سرو میشد، شاهد چاقی در بین اکثر افراد جامعه نبودیم

A

If more traditional dishes were served in restaurants, obesity would not be seen amongst most peaple in society

second conditional

150
Q

اگر تفریحات سالم برای جوانان وجود داشت، امار اعتیاد در سال های اخیر انقدر بالا نبود

A

If the youth had better entertainment, addiction would not be at an alarming level in recent years

second conditional

151
Q

اگر ساعت حضور دانش اموزان کاهش پیدا میکرد، شاید در گذشته شاهد ترک‌تحصیل انها نبودیم

A

If the students had been at schools for a shorter time, we would not have witnessed them dropping out

third constitutional

152
Q

اگر تلویزیون برنامه های اموزشی بیشتری داشته باشد، افرادی که زمان زیادی را صرف تماشای تلویزیون میکنند میتوانند از ان بیشتر بهره ببرند

A

If television provides more educational programmes, peaple who spend too much watching television will benefit more

first conditional

153
Q

اگر دولت ها به افراد فقر کمک کنند، میزان خوشحالی در جوامع بهبود پیدا خواهد کرد

A

should the governments help the poor, happiness level will improve in societies

if the governments…

(inversion in conditional sentences)

154
Q

اگر در سالهای گذشته میزان تولید مثل در جهان کنترل میشد، در تاریخ هیچگاه شاهد فقر و گرسنگی‌نبودیم

A

Had regeneration been controlled throughout history, we would have never faced poverty or famine

if regeneration had been …

155
Q

اگر شرایط ازدواج جوانان فراهم میشد، انها هرگز مثل امروز به سمت اعتیاد نمیرفتند

A

were there suitable conditions for the youth to marry, they would never go after addiction like now

if there were suitable…

156
Q

اگر زودتر دست به تولید خودروهای الکتریکی زده بودیم، وضعیت هوا در سالهای اخیر بهتر میبود

A

Had we begun producing electric cars earlier, the air quality in recent years would have improved.

we had begun producing …

157
Q

اگر در شرایط کنونی به سالمندان توجه نشود، در اینده نزدیک شاهد مرگ و‌میر زیاد انها خواهیم بود

A

should we not consider the elderly, we will face high death rates of them in near future

if we not consider …

158
Q

اگر جلوی پیشرفت تکنولوژی گرفته شود، میتوانیم به بازگشت غیر ممکن شرایط اجتماعی قدیم امیدوار باشیم

A

should technology development be stoped, we may be hopeful about the impossible return of old social conditions

if technology…

159
Q

اگر بچه ها کمتر تلویزیون تماشا کنند، میران تمرکز انها بطور چشمگیری بالا خواهد رفت

A

should children watch less television, their concentration will enhunce significantly

if children watch …

160
Q

اگر امکان برگزاری کلاس های انلاین فراهم‌میشد، امروزه شاهد مشکلات ترافیکی کمتری بودیم

A

were there efficient infrastructure for online classes, we would suffer less from traffic today

if there were efficient …

161
Q

اگر درامد همه‌مردم یکسان بود، دیگر‌رغبتی برای یادگیری فنون و‌حرف سخت وجود نداشت

A

were peaple earning the same slaries, there would be no desire to learn about difficult professions

if peaple were earning the same …

162
Q

اگر تمام‌کشورها دست به دست هم بدهند، میتوانیم انتظار داشته باشیم که مشکلات زیست محیطی کمتر شود

A

should all countries cooperate, we may expect less environmental issues

if all countries…..

163
Q

برخی از کشورها گام های موثری برای مقابله با فقر برداشته اند

A

Effective steps have been taken against poverty in some countries

164
Q

در دو سال گذشته بازدید ها از سایت فیسبوک به طرز چشمگیری کاهش یافته است

A

In the last two years, visits to facebook.com has significantly decreased

165
Q

در سال ۱۹۸۵ یکی از برترین زبان شناسان تاریخ به دنیا امد

A

In 1985, one of the greatest linguists ever was born

166
Q

افزایش ناگهانی نرخ مرگ و‌میر در سال های اخیر باعث بروز مشکلات زیادی برای دولت ها شده است

A

the sudden increase of mortality rates in resent years has cased trouble for governments

167
Q

بیشترین میزان رشد جمعیت در بین کشورهای اروپایی برای ایتالیا با ۹.۳ درصد در سال ۲۰۰۴ بود

A

the biggest population growth among European countries was for Italy at 9.3 percent in 2004

168
Q

افزایش اعتیاد به مواد مخدر باعث نگرانی والدین شده است

A

the rise in drug addiction has made parents worried

169
Q

در ماه گذشته برخی از دانشگاه ها اقدام به برگزاری کلاسهای رایگان کردند

A

last month, some universities held free courses

170
Q

در هفته اخیر در بسیاری از کشورها استفاده از خودروی شخصی ممنوع بوده است

A

this week so far, driving private cars has been banned in man countries

171
Q

در سال ۲۰۰۹ تعداد مبتلایان به نقص های مادرزادی در امریکای جنوبی کاهش داشت

A

In 2009, the number of babies born with disabilities declined in south America

172
Q

در تاریخ امده است که هرجا دخالت دولت ها در زندگی شخصی مردم زیاد شده است، ریشه های انقلاب شکل گرفته اند

A

throughout history, whenever the government have interfered in peaple’s private lives, recolutions have happened

173
Q

دامنه کامل یک انفجار هسته ای تقریبا غیر قابل تصور است

A

the full scope of a nuclear detonation is almost unimaginable

174
Q

scope

A

the range of subject covered by a book,programme, discution, class etc

175
Q

من می ترسم که مشکل “فراتر / خارج از” محدوده “” سخنرانی من باشد

A

I’m afraid that problem is “beyond/outside the” scope “of” my lecture

176
Q

نقاشی رنگ روغن “در محدوده” یک دوره از این نوع قرار نمی گیرد

A

oil painting does not come “within the” scope “of” a course of this kind

177
Q

ما می‌خواهیم دامنه تحقیق را “گسترش/گسترش” کنیم و به موضوعات کلی‌تر نگاه کنیم.

A

we would know like to “broaden/widen the” scope “of” the enquiry and look at more general matters

178
Q

به نظر می رسد که این کمپین از نظر گستردگی و بی ارزشی در حال رشد است

A

the campaign appears to be growing in scope and indesity

179
Q

او شکایت کرد که این طرح از نظر دامنه بسیار محدود است

A

she complained that the plan was too limited in scope

180
Q

دامنه این گفتگوها هنوز مشخص نیست

A

the scope of those talks is still to be determined

181
Q

سایر طرح ها در دامنه خود بسیار گسترده تر هستند

A

other schemes are much broader in their scope

182
Q

موضوع خارج از حوزه کمیته حاضر است

A

the matter falls outside the scope of the present committee

183
Q

detonation

A

the act of exploding, or the fact of being exploded

184
Q

اعتقاد بر این است که انفجارهای هسته ای زیرزمینی انجام شده است

A

underground nuclear detonations are believed to have been carried out

185
Q

برای ایجاد انفجار مخرب هسته ای خود، این سلاح ها از قدرت شکافت هسته ای استفاده می کنند

A

to create their nuclear desteuctive blast, these weapons harness the power of nuclear fission

186
Q

قدرت تخریب سلاح های هسته ای

A

the distroctive power of nuclear weapons

187
Q

من نگران تأثیر مخربی هستم که فیلم های خشونت آمیز ممکن است روی کودکان بگذارند

A

I worry about the destructive effect that violent films may have on children

188
Q

فقدان/کمبود اعتماد در یک رابطه بسیار مخرب است

A

lake of trust is very destructive in a relationship

189
Q

fission

A

the process of dividing the nuclear of an atom, resulting in the release of a large amount of energy

190
Q

شکاف/انشقاق هسته ای

A

nuclear fission

191
Q

این واکنش های زنجیره ای می تواند طیف وسیعی از بازده های انفجاری را ایجاد کند

A

these chain reactions can produce a range of explosive yields

yeilds
the total amount of a crop, product, etc.
that is produced or supplied

192
Q

طی یک دوره 15 ساله، متوسط ​​عملکرد گاوهای شیری در بریتانیا 34 درصد افزایش یافته است.

A

over a 15-year period, the average yield of diary cows in the uk had increased by 34%

193
Q

این نمک ها به طور مداوم خاک های کشاورزی را بمباران می کنند، گیاهان را تحت فشار قرار می دهند و عملکرد محصول را کاهش می دهند

A

these salts continuously bombard agricultural soils, stressing plants and reducing crop yields

194
Q

چرا انتظار دارید بازدهی اسناد خزانه معمولاً کمتر از اوراق قرضه دولتی باشد؟

A

why would you expect the yield on treasury bills normaly to be rather lower than on governments bonds?

195
Q

یک گلوله آتشین که می تواند چند بلوک شهر را از بین ببرد و یک موج ضربه ای به ساختمان ها آسیب می رساند

A

a fireball capable of decimating a few city blocks, and a shock wave damaging buildings

decimating
to kill a large number of sth or to reduce sth severely

196
Q

جمعیت حیوانات در خطر انقراض نابود شده است

A

populations of endangered animals have been decimated

197
Q

برای نجات کسانی که در شعاع گلوله آتش هستند، به طرز غم انگیزی نمی توان کاری انجام داد

A

there is tragically nothing that can be done to save those in the fireball’s radius

radius
a distance from a central point

198
Q

ایستگاه، مرکز خرید و مدرسه در شعاع یک مایلی خانه قرار دارند

A

the station, shopping centre and school lie within a one-mile radius of the house

199
Q

در سال ۲۰۱۸ نزدیک به ۶ میلیون نفر در ایران واکسینه شدند

A

Nearly six million infants received vaccination in Iran in 2018
(simple past)

Nearly six million infants have received vaccination in Iran
(present perfect)

200
Q

سال گذشته دولت توانست بیش از یکصد مدرسه بسازد

A

last year, the government managed to build over one hundred schools

the government has managed to build over one hundred schools

201
Q

مادر من سی سال معلم بود ولی دو سال قبل بازنشسته شد

A

my mother was a teacher for 30 years, but she retired two years ago.

202
Q

مادر من سی ساله که معلم است ولی قرار است سال اینده بازنشسته شود

A

my mother has been a teacher for 30 years, but she is going to retire next year.

203
Q

گرفتن یا ماندن در داخل یک ساختمان محکم

A

getting or staying inside a sturdy building

204
Q

چکمه های پیاده روی محکم
یک میز محکم
پاهای کوچک محکم

A

sturdy walking boots
a sturdy table
sturdy little legs

205
Q

ساختمان های مستحکم در آن محدوده باید قادر به مقاومت در برابر موج ضربه باشند

A

sturdy buildings within that range should be able to whithstand the shock wave

206
Q

پایگاه هواپیما با پناهگاه های ویژه ای محافظت می شود که برای مقاومت در برابر حملات زمینی و هوایی ساخته شده اند.

A

the aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to whithstand ground and air attacks.

207
Q

او هنرمندی است که آثارش بدون شک در آزمون زمان مقاومت خواهد کرد

A

she is an artist whose work will undoubtedly whithstand the test of time

208
Q

زیرا هزاران تن خاک و زباله را چندین کیلومتر به جو می کشاند

A

as it will pull thousands of tons of dirt and debris several kilometers into the atmosphere

209
Q

بقایای هواپیما در منطقه وسیعی پراکنده شد

A

debris from the aircraft was scattered over a large area

210
Q

برای ایجاد خطرناک ترین اثر طولانی مدت انفجار هسته ای

A

to produce the most dangerous long term effect of a nuclear detonation

211
Q

بیکاری طولانی مدت
مراقبت طولانی مدت از بیماران شدید
اثرات طولانی مدت دارو

A

long-term unemployment
long-term care for the seriously ill
the long-term effects of the drug

212
Q

این ذرات به اندازه ماسه تشعشعات یونیزه کننده با قابلیت جداسازی ساطع می کنند

A

these sand-sized particles emit ionizing radiation capable of separating

213
Q

دزدگیر پرتوهای مادون قرمز ساطع می کند که برای شناسایی هر مزاحم استفاده می شود

A

the alarm emits infrared rays which are used to detect any intruder

214
Q

وقتی دکمه را فشار می دهید، دستگاه صدایی با صدای بلند منتشر می کند

A

the machine emits a high-pitched sound when you press the button

215
Q

قرار گرفتن در معرض مقادیر انبوه تشعشعات می تواند منجر به

A

exposure to massive amounts of radiation can result in …

216
Q

بر اساس حکمت دریافت شده، قرار گرفتن در معرض رادیواکتیویته پایین بی ضرر است

A

according to received wisdom, exposure to low level radioactivity is harmless

217
Q

ما می دانیم که قرار گرفتن طولانی مدت در معرض ارتعاش می تواند اجزای هواپیما را ضعیف کند

A

we know that prolonged exposure to vibration can weaken aircraft components

218
Q

او به تدریج پس از قرار گرفتن طولانی مدت در معرض سر و صدا در محل کار ناشنوا شد

A

she gradually became deaf after lengthy exposure to noise in the workplace

219
Q

محققان به این نتیجه رسیدند که قرار گرفتن در معرض سطح پایین با این ماده شیمیایی بعید است که آسیبی ایجاد کند

A

researchers concluded that low level exposure to the chemical was unlikely to cause harm

220
Q

چندین کیلومتر به سمت بالا ایجاد می شود، غلظت های خطرناک این ماده رانده می شود

A

created several kilometers up, dangerous concentrations of this material would be driven

a large number or amount of sth in the same place

221
Q

تجمع شدید نیروها در این منطقه وجود دارد

A

there is a heavy concentration of troops in the area

222
Q

همان ساختمان‌هایی که در برابر انفجار محافظت می‌کنند، حتی در محافظت در برابر ریزش‌ها بهتر هستند

A

the same buildings that offer protection from the blast are even better at guarding against fallout

to take careful action in order to try prevent sth from happening

223
Q

ورزش منظم به محافظت در برابر بیماری قلبی کمک می کند

A

regular exercise helps guard against heart disease

224
Q

از آنجایی که ریزش نیمی از انرژی خود را در یک ساعت اول تولید می کند

A

since fallout gives off half of its energy in the first hour

to produce sth such as smell, heat, light

225
Q

گلها عطری معطر می دادند

A

the flowers gave off a fragrant perfume

226
Q

به نظر می رسد آتش گرمای زیادی از خود نمی دهد

A

the fire deasn’t seem to be giving off much heat

227
Q

هنوز اقداماتی وجود دارد که می توانند انجام دهند

A

there are still measures they could take

a way of achieving sth, or a method for dealing with a situation

228
Q

چه اقدامات دیگری می توانیم برای جلوگیری از تروریسم انجام دهیم؟

A

what further measures can we take to avoide terrorism?

229
Q

اقدامات اضطراری برای کمک به پناهندگان به شدت مورد نیاز است

A

emergency measures to help the refugees are badly needed

230
Q

سعی کنید بعد از یک ساعت از بیرون کمک بگیرید

A

try seeking outside help after an hour

to ask for advise, help, approval, permission

231
Q

قبل از هر اقدام دیگری باید از مشاوره حقوقی استفاده کنید

A

legal advice should be sought before you take any further action

232
Q

شما باید به دنبال جبران باشید

A

you should seek compensation

233
Q

در صورت تداوم علائم به پزشک مراجعه کنید

A

if symptoms persist seek medical attention

234
Q

به دنبال کمک برای صندوق بلایای طبیعی هستند

A

contributions are being sought for the disaster fund

235
Q

او فعالانه از رئیس جمهور درخواست عفو کرده بود

A

he had actively sought a pardon from the president

236
Q

شبکه به مدت یک ساعت برای تعمیر و نگهداری معمول قطع خواهد شد

A

the network will be down for an hour for routine maintenance

237
Q

کل سیستم از بین رفته

A

the whole system’s gone down

238
Q

برق، سرویس تلفن همراه و اینترنت قطع خواهد شد

A

electric power, cell service and internet would be down

239
Q

رنگ چشم از نظر ژنتیکی تعیین می شود

A

eye colour is genetically determined

240
Q

تعداد کارهایی که می توانیم به عهده بگیریم بر اساس میزان پولی که مجاز به خرج کردن هستیم تعیین می شود

A

the number of stuff we can take on will be determined by how much money we’re allowed to spend

241
Q

سلامتی شما تا حدی با آنچه می خورید تعیین می شود

A

you health is determined in part by what you eat

242
Q

سلاح‌های هسته‌ای برخی از قدرتمندترین ابزارهای تخریب روی زمین هستند

A

nuclear weapons are some of the most powerful tools of destruction on earth

243
Q

نیروی فروش تحصیل کرده یکی از موثرترین ابزارهایی است که هر شرکتی می تواند داشته باشد

A

an educated sales force is one of the most effective tools any company can have

244
Q

یک ابزار تجاری / بازاریابی / تحقیق

A

a business/ marketing/ research tool

245
Q

یک ابزار استراتژیک / مدیریتی / آماری

A

a strategic/ managerial/ statistical tool

246
Q

آنها این فرض را ساده لوحانه می کنند که چون محبوب است، باید خوب باشد

A

they make the naïve assumption that beacause it’s popular it must be good

247
Q

کمی ساده لوحانه بود که فکر می کردید به پیشنهادات شما گوش می دهند

A

it was a little naive of you to think that they would listen to your suggestions

248
Q

او خیلی ساده لوح بود که فکر می کرد او با او می ماند

A

she was very naive that to believe that he’d stay with her

249
Q

جنگل ها در تمام جهان در حال نابودی هستند

A

All of the world, jungles are being destroyed.

250
Q

بشر به سرعت در حال تمام کردن منابع طبیعی می باشد

A

Mankind is fast using up the Earth’s natural resources.

251
Q

در قرن اینده انسان در حال تردد در بین سیارات منظومه شمسی خواهد بود

A

Peaple will be travelling to the planets in the solar system in the next century

252
Q

سال گذشته این موقع داشتم برای امتحاناتم اماده میشدم

A

Last year this time, I was revising for my exams

253
Q

تا پایان ماه ژوئن سال اینده من درسم تمام شده

A

by the end of next june, I will have graduated

254
Q

تا پایان ماه ژوئن اینده کار ترجمه این کتاب را تمام کردم

A

By the end of next june, I will have completed translation work on this book

255
Q

تا پایان ماه ژوئن سال اینده من شرکت خودم را تاسیس کرده ام.

A

I will have established my company by the end of next June

256
Q

تا قبل از به پایان رسیدن قرن حاضر جمعیت جهان به حدود ۱۰ میلیارد نفر رسیده است.

A

By the end of the century, world population will have reached around ten billion peaple.

future perfect

257
Q

تا پنجاه سال اینده بیش از نیمی از جنگل های جهان نابود شده است

A

In five decades, more than half of the world forests will have been destroyed

258
Q

تا بیست سال دیگر دانشمندان راه درمان بسیاری از بیماری های خطرناک را یافته اند

A

Scientists will have discovered the cure for many of the terminal diseases in the next twenty years

259
Q

در‌کمتر از ده سال دیگر روبات های خانه دار ساخته شده اند

A

In less than ten years, factories will have made house keeping robots

260
Q

بسیاری از کشورها در سالهای اخیر بدنبال راه حل موثری برای بهبود سیستم درمانی بوده اند

A

many countries have been trying to find an effective solution to improve health services

present perfect proggresive

261
Q

در برخی از مدارس از گذشته تا کنون وعده های غذایی به صورت برنامه ریزی شده سرو میشده است

A

There have been schedules for serving meals in some schools

262
Q

برخی از برنامه های تلویزیونی در طول تاریخ بسیار مورد قبول مردم قرار کرفته اند

A

Some Tv programmes have been realy favourable to peaple in history

263
Q

درصد افراد زیر ۵۰ سال در کشور پرو رشد زیادی را تجربه کرده است

A

The percentage of peaple under 50 has experienced a huge increase

264
Q

دانشمندان همیشه سعی داشته اند که حیوانات وحشی را از انقراض نجات دهند

A

Scientists have always tried to save wild animals from extinction

265
Q

بانک ها نقش مهمی در شرایط پولی کشور ها داشته اند

A

Banks play an important role in countries’ financial conditions

266
Q

گازهای گلخانه ای باعث بروز گرمایش زمین شده اند

A

Greenhouse gases have caused global warming

267
Q

نرم افزارهایی که دارای تبلیغات نیستند از ابتدا همیشه بیشتر مورد استفاده قرار گرفته اند

A

Ad-free applications have always been used more

268
Q

انسان ها در حال تغییر به سمت هوشمند تر شدن هستند

A

Human beings have been getting smarter

present perfect continuous

269
Q

دروغ بخش جدایی ناپذیر سیاست بوده است

A

Lying has been an inseparable part of politics

present perfect

270
Q

در ده سال اینده بسیاری از کشورها در حال مبارزه با بیماری های جدید ناشناخته خواهند بود

A

In ten years’ time, many countries will be fighting against new unkown diseases

271
Q

در سالهای گذشته برخی از برنامه های تلویزیونی که در حال ترویج خشونت بودند متوقف شدند

A

In the past years, some Tv programmes which were spreading violence were banned

272
Q

میانگین تماشای تلویزیون در کشور ما روز به روز بیشتر میشود

A

The average of TV watching is increasing every day in our country

273
Q

دانشجویان در اینده از خانه خود در حال تحقیق کردن نخواهند بود

A

University students will not be conducting research from home in future

274
Q

دولت ها در حال بررسی روش های موثر مبارزه با مشکلات اجتماعی نیستند

A

Governments are not evaluating the effective methods of fighting social problems

275
Q

تکنولوژی در سال گذشته در حال گذر از حد آستانه ورود به نسل جدید خود بود

A

Technology was passing the threshold to enter its new era last year

276
Q

به طرز شگفت انگیزی امسال تعداد کودکانی که به بازی های رایانه ای علاقه دارند به شدت رو به کاهش است

A

Amazingly, the number of children who like computer games is decreasing this year

277
Q

در دهه گذشته تعداد خودروهای هیبریدی سیر کاهشی نداشته است

A

In the last decade, the number of hybrid cars was not declining

278
Q

استفاده از موبایل در اموزش هر روز با مشکلات بیشتر و بیشتری مواجه میشود

A

Using mobile phones in education is facing more and more problems each day

279
Q

در کشورهای توسعه نیافته هنوز مردم در حال پرداخت هزینه های نیازهای اولیه خود هستند

A

In underdeveloped countries, peaple are still paying for their primary needs

280
Q

قبل از اینکه دولت ها توانستند جلوی فرار مغزها را بگیرند، بسیاری از نخبگان به خارج از کشور رفته بودند

A

before the governments could prevent brain drain, many elite peaple had already emigrated abroad

281
Q

به دلیل اینکه برخی از دانشگاه ها دوره های انلاین را برگزار نمیکردند، دانشجویان ان دانشگاه ها را برای ادامه تحصیل انتخاب نکرده بودند

A

since some universities did not have online classes, their students had not chosen them to continue their education

282
Q

میزان رشد درختان بعد از اینکه فصل بهار به پایان رسید رو به افزایش گذاشت

A

the annual growth of trees went higher after summer had finished

283
Q

قبل از اینکه کامپیوتر ها برای کارهای اداری به کار گرفته شوند، از ماشین های اداری دیگر در این زمینه استفاده شده بود

A

before computers were used for office work, other machines had been used to carry out such work

284
Q

بعد از انکه میزان مرگ و‌میر در دنیا زیاد شده بود، برخی از کشورها دست به اصلاح سیستم بهداشتی خود زدند

A

after death rate had increased, some countries planned to revise their health system

285
Q

قبل از انکه مسائل سیاسی در انتخاب های رشته دخالت داشته باشد، دانشجویان رویکردهای سیاسی خود را در انتخاب رشته اتخاذ کرده بودند

A

before political issues were involved in choosing major by students, they had already put their political tendencies in act

286
Q

گرمای زمین در سال ۲۰۰۵ بیشتر شده بود چراکه در ان سال تعداد خودروی بیشتری تولید شده بود

A

global warming became worse in 2005 since more cars had been produced that year

287
Q

در زمانی که بسیاری از جوامع در به کارگیری تکنولوژی در بانکداری مشکل داشتند، کشور ایران سالها بود که از این تکنولوژی استفاده کرده بود

A

while many countries have difficulty using computers in banking, Iran had used this technology for years

288
Q

در صورتی که جوانان به مواد مخدر روی نیاورده بودند، در سالهای اخیر میتوانستیم شاهد رشد بیشتر کشور باشیم

A

given that the youth had not turned to addiction, in recent years we could see more improvements in the country

289
Q

بعد از اینکه مردم متوجه شدند که با استفاده از خودروها هوا را الوده کرده بودند به فکر تصحیح رویه استفاده از خودروها افتادند

A

after peaple reaized that they had polluted the air by driving everywhere, they decided to resolve their mistakes

290
Q

تا پایان سال ۲۰۳۰ جمعیت کشور ایران از ۱۰۰ میلیون نفر عبور خواهد کرد

A

By the end of 2030, the population of Iran will have exceeded 100 million

291
Q

در اینده قبل از ورود دانشجویان به دانشگاه ها از انها تست کامل سلامتی گرفته خواهد شد

A

In future, before university students are admitted, they have been tested for perfect health

292
Q

تا قبل از پایان قرن حاضر بسیاری از انسام ها به خاطر سیاست اشتباه در زمینه سلامتی جان خود را از دست خواهند داد

A

By the end of current century, many human being will have lost their lives due to their wrong health policies

293
Q

در زمانی نه چندان دور بسیاری از حیوانات منفرض خواهند شد

A

Not long ahead, many animals will have become extinct

294
Q

قبل از تولید خودروها از شرکت ها خواسته خواهد شد که تمامی اطلاعات ان را منتشر کنند

A

Before car manufacturing, companies will have been asked to release full specifications of their cars

295
Q

تا قبل از تابستان سال اینده میزان الودگی هوا به دوبرابر افزایش خواهد یافت

A

By summer next year, air pollution will have been doubled

296
Q

طبق پیش بینی دانشمندان، در اینده قبل از زلزله افراد مطلع خواهند شد

A

According to scientists’ predictions, peaple have been informed before an earthquake in future

297
Q

تا قبل از اینکه والدین بتوانند روی بچه های خود کنترل داشته باشند، انها اشتباهات بسیاری را مرتکب خواهند شد

A

Before parents can supervise them, children will have made many mistakes

298
Q

تا پایان امسال بسیاری از تصمیمات مهم در زمینه محیط زیست گرفته خواهد شد

A

By the end of this year, many important decisions about invironmental issues will have been made

future perfect proggresive

299
Q

تا قبل از شروع سال ۲۰۵۰ سفرهای اکتشافی به فضا شروع خواهند شد

A

Before 2050 starts, space exploration will have begun

future perfect

300
Q

sports For DO

A

gymnastics
judo
weightlifting
aerobics
yoga
wrestling
circuit training
archery
athletics

301
Q

sports for Play

A

games
badminton
billiards
hockey
bowls
rugby
golf
(table) tennis
cricket
baseball
chess
darts
cards
dominoes

302
Q

sports for Go

A

fishing
skiing
bowling
cycling
skateboarding
surfing
snowboarding
hang-gliding
climbing
hill walking
sailing
jogging
swimming

303
Q

learners often make mistakes with some common collocations connected with sport. these are the correct one

A

you do or play sports
you do exercises
you play computer or other games
you have/play a game of cards
you go skiing
you do activities
if you are a serious sportperson, you will certainly practise your sport, but that has a specific meaning, which is to do sth again and again in order to get better at it.
in other words to train
if you are a footballer you might practise taking a penalty, for example

304
Q

بسیاری از دوره های اموزشی امروزه با مسایل روزمره پرشده اند

A

many courses are filled with daily subjects today

305
Q

برخی از جرایم در چندسال اخیر توسط مجرمان سابقه دار طراحی شده اند

A

some offenses in the recent years have been planned by criminals

306
Q

لوازم الکترونیکی در برخی فروشگاه ها به قیمت های بسیار بالا فروخته میشوند

A

Appliances are sold at high prices in some shops

307
Q

در اکثر موارد اعتراض در کشورهای توسعه نیافته، فرد معترض گناهکار شناخته میشود

A

in many cases of complaint in underdeveloped countries, the one who complains is blamed

308
Q

کتابهایی که خوانده نشده اند بخش عمده ای از قفسه های کتابخانه ها را تشکیل میدهند

A

the books which are not read comprise a major part of shelves at homes

309
Q

سودهایی که بانک ها ارائه میدهند همیشه از میزان درامد افراد کمتر است

A

the interest rates which are offered by banks are always lower than peaple’s income

310
Q

افراد رده بالای سیاسی کمتر از بقیه در معرض اتهام هستند

A

members of higher polotical positions are accused less often than others

311
Q

در برخی کشورهای توسعه نیافته از نظر اقتصادی، دزدی و‌اختلاس زیاد دیده میشود

A

In some underdeveloped countries, burglary and embezzlment are seen too often

312
Q

پیش از ورود تلفن زمان زیادی از افراد صرف رفت و امد به منزل یکدیگر میشد

A

before phone were introduced, a lot of time was spent in going to other peaple houses

313
Q

در اینده تعداد کمی از کارهای تخصصی به انسان سپرده خواهد شد

A

In furure, few professional activities will be given to human

314
Q

although renown is both a composer and teacher Franz Liszt is regarded as
possibly the greatest pianoforte virtuoso of all time his piano playing was
phenomenal more than that it was flashy Franz Liszt was born in rating.
Germany on October 22nd 1811 and by 9 the child prodigy made his first
appearance as a concert pianist this was in the vanguard of pioneering the
piano recital the piano concert as a high-wire event as an event of high drama
by 12.

A

‎اگرچه شهرت هم آهنگساز و هم معلم فرانتس لیست است
‎ احتمالاً بزرگترین هنرپیشه پیانوفورت در تمام دوران نوازندگی پیانو او بود
‎ فوق العاده بیش از آن که زرق و برق دار بود فرانتس لیست در رتبه متولد شد.
‎ آلمان در 22 اکتبر 1811 و در 9 سالگی کودک اعجوبه اولین بار خود را ساخت
‎ ظاهر به عنوان یک پیانیست کنسرت این در پیشروی پیشگام بود
‎ رسیتال پیانو کنسرت پیانو به عنوان یک رویداد با سیم به عنوان یک رویداد درام بالا
‎ توسط 12

315
Q

Liszt was touring widely as a well-regarded concert pianist but in 1826 his
father died exhausted and traumatized Liszt stopped touring and became a
piano teacher Liszt was a fantastically important teacher and he virtually really
invented the idea of the masterclass of bringing lots of students together
during the 1830s Liszt composed his own pieces including his grande tutu
Paganini as well as famously took other composers works and transcribed
them for the solo piano about half of lists works for the keyboard are actually
arrangements of music by other composers and this was very important in
19th century culture beginning in 1839 Liszt toured extensively throughout
Europe and was among one of the first to give solo piano recitals he would
give piano concerts and the women would swoon the men would become
extremely jealous he was someone who was able to bring sex appeal to the
concert home after his final paid performance in 1847 Liszt championed the
concept of prog music by famously composing symphonic poems Liszt was
one of the innovators of was called prog music music associated with novels
and stories in history and works of art.
Liszt gave his last performance in 1886 and died of pneumonia that same year
on July 31st Franz Liszt’s impact can be seen today in the performances of
such greats as Liberace Elton John and even Lady gaga.
Liszt in some ways was the first rock star of classical music he had affairs with
many women good many illegitimate children he was a very very colorful
brilliant handsome figure that led one of the most fascinating lives of any
composer.

A

لیست به عنوان یک پیانیست معروف کنسرت تورهای گسترده ای برگزار می کرد اما در سال 1826
پدر خسته و آسیب دیده درگذشت لیست تور را متوقف کرد و تبدیل به یک شد
لیست معلم پیانو معلم فوق العاده مهمی بود و او واقعاً واقعاً
ایده کلاس کارشناسی ارشد گردهم آوردن تعداد زیادی دانش آموز را ابداع کرد
در طول دهه 1830، لیست قطعات خود را از جمله grande tutu ساخت
پاگانینی و همچنین مشهور، آثار دیگر آهنگسازان را برداشت و رونویسی کرد
آنها برای پیانو تک نفره حدود نیمی از لیست آثار برای کیبورد در واقع هستند
تنظیم موسیقی توسط آهنگسازان دیگر و این در آن بسیار مهم بود
فرهنگ قرن نوزدهم که از سال 1839 شروع شد، لیست به طور گسترده در سراسر جهان گشت و گذار کرد
اروپا و یکی از اولین کسانی بود که رسیتال پیانو انفرادی اجرا کرد
کنسرت‌های پیانو می‌دادند و زن‌ها غمگین می‌شدند و مردان می‌شدند
او به شدت حسود کسی بود که می توانست جذابیت جنسی را برای او به ارمغان بیاورد
کنسرت خانه پس از آخرین اجرای پرداخت خود در سال 1847 لیست قهرمان شد
مفهوم موسیقی پروگ با سرودن شعرهای سمفونیک معروف لیست بود
یکی از مبتکران موسیقی پروگ نام داشت که با رمان مرتبط بود
و داستان هایی در تاریخ و آثار هنری.
لیست آخرین اجرای خود را در سال 1886 انجام داد و در همان سال بر اثر ذات الریه درگذشت
در 31 ژوئیه تاثیر فرانتس لیست را می توان امروز در اجراهای
بزرگانی مانند لیبراس التون جان و حتی لیدی گاگا.
لیست از جهاتی اولین ستاره راک موسیقی کلاسیک بود که با او رابطه داشت
بسیاری از زنان خوب بسیاری از فرزندان نامشروع او بسیار بسیار رنگارنگ بود
چهره ای زیبا و درخشان که یکی از جذاب ترین زندگی ها را سپری کرد
آهنگساز

316
Q

How to give great presentations

A

Here are our top tips:
Prepare your presentation carefully. Is the structure easy to follow? Will it
communicate your core message?
Consider the target audience?. Make sure that what you say is at the right level
to hold/keep their attention. An interactive presentation’ is a good way to
connect with your audience and keep them interested.
Don’t forget that body language* is really important too. Try to stand (or sit)
up straight as you talk. You might want to use a few hand gestures® to help
emphasis your point.
Look at the audience. You should make eye contact with about five or six different
people. (But don’t maintain eye contact with one person for too long!)
If you feel nervous, breathe deeply. This will also help you to speak clearly.
Your tone of voice? is important and you will be easier to understand if you
sound calm.
Even people who are used to public speaking can feel nervous about dealing
with questions after a presentation. The best way is to listen carefully and be
honest if you don’t know the answer!
• If you prepare handouts, it’s better to give them out at the end so the audience
focuses on you, rather than the handouts.
prepare presentation
core message(the most important points)
target audience(the peaple you are focusing on)
hold/keep attention
intractive presentation( a presentation which involves the audience)
connect with audience
stand/sit up straight
hand gestures
make eye contact
maintain eye contact
breathe deeply
speak clearly
tone of voice
dealing with questions
prepare handouts

317
Q

visual aids

A

pie chart
bar chart
Clear visual aids’ are a great way to make/have an impact on your audience. Using PowerPoint®
slides or other presentation software can create a very effective presentation.
You should keep slides simple with just a few words or images on each one. Be sure to use a clear
font which is easy to read.
Think about your key points? for each area and try to write these in just a few words on the slide. You
might want to use bullet points to help the audience follow your argument?.
If you are presenting numbers or data, pie charts, bar charts or graphs are often the clearest way to
present them.
Using pictures or animations can help bring the presentation to life* and make it more memorable,
but too many can be confusing and distracting.
cisual aids ( pictures, charts, films)
make/have an impact
bullet points
follow argument( understand your reason or explanation)
bring to life (make more interesting and lively)

318
Q

Franz liszt

A

although renown is both a composer and teacher Franz Liszt is regarded as
possibly the greatest pianoforte virtuoso of all time.
his piano playing was phenomenal more than that it was flashy.
Franz Liszt was born in rating Germany on October 22nd 1811 and by 9 the child prodigy made his first appearance as a concert pianist.
this was in the vanguard of pioneering the piano recital the piano concert as a high-wire event as an event of high drama.
by 12 Liszt was touring widely as a well-regarded concert pianist but in 1826 his
father died exhausted and traumatized Liszt stopped touring and became a
piano teacher.
Liszt was a fantastically important teacher and he virtually really
invented the idea of the masterclass of bringing lots of students together.
during the 1830s Liszt composed his own pieces including his grande tutu
Paganini as well as famously took other composers works and transcribed
them for the solo piano
about half of lists works for the keyboard are actually arrangements of music by other composers and this was very important in 19th century culture. beginning in 1839 Liszt toured extensively throughout Europe and was among one of the first to give solo piano recitals.
he would give piano concerts and the women would swoon the men would become extremely jealous he was someone who was able to bring sex appeal to the concert home
after his final paid performance in 1847 Liszt championed the concept of prog music by famously composing symphonic poems.
Liszt was one of the innovators of was called prog music music associated with novels and stories in history and works of art.
Liszt gave his last performance in 1886 and died of pneumonia that same year
on July 31st. Franz Liszt’s impact can be seen today in the performances of
such greats as Liberace Elton John and even Lady gaga.
Liszt in some ways was the first rock star of classical music he had affairs with
many women good many illegitimate children he was a very very colorful
brilliant handsome figure that led one of the most fascinating lives of any
composer.

319
Q

“‘Imagine the brain could reboot, updating its withered and damaged
cells.

A

reboot
1) to start something again or do something again, in a way that is new and interesting:
With his new movie he reboots the classic Western.
withered
2) to become, or cause something to become, weak, dry, and smaller:
Hot, dry weather withered the peanut crop in the southeast.
Public interest in the scandal will not wither away any time soon.

320
Q

“It’s well known that embryonic cells in our young developing brains
produce new neurons.

A

embryonic
1) of or relating to an embryo. If a plan or process is an embryonic stage, it is in a very early stage of development:
The region’s embryonic tourist industry would be damaged by this development.
neurons
2) a nerve cell that carries information between the brain and other parts of the body

321
Q

“Those newly generated neurons migrate to various parts of the
developing brain”

A

newly generated
1) to cause something to exist:
Her latest film has generated a lot of interest/excitement.
The new development will generate 1,500 new jobs.
Selling food will increase the club’s ability to generate revenue/income.
migrate
2) to move from one place to another:
Trade has migrated from local shops to the larger chain stores.

322
Q

“Making it self-organise into different structures”

A

self-organise
to make arrangements for something to happen:
They organized a meeting between the teachers and students.
[+ to infinitive ] UK She had organized a car to meet me at the airport.
She has been designated to organize the meeting.
Most British schools organize social events for the students.
She organizes a school reunion once a year.
This event was organized in association with the Sports Council.
She’s an active member of the Women’s Institute and is always organizing talks for her local group.

323
Q

“cell production came to an abrupt halt after this initial growth”

A

came to an abrupt halt
1) sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant:
an abrupt change/movement
Our conversation came to an abrupt end when George burst into the room.
The road ended in an abrupt (= sudden and very steep) slope down to the sea.
halt
2) to (cause to) stop moving or doing something or happening:
“Halt!” called the guard. “You can’t go any further without a permit.”
Production has halted at all of the company’s factories because of the pay dispute.
Security forces halted the demonstrators by blocking the road.
initial
3) of or at the beginning:
My initial surprise was soon replaced by delight.
Initial reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed.

324
Q

“leading them to conclude that neurological disease.

A

leading
1) to cause someone to do something, especially something bad:
[+ to infinitive ] The brochure led me to believe that the price included home delivery.
It’s worrying that such a prominent politician is so easily led.
He was a weak man, led astray by ambition.
conclude
2) to judge or decide something after thinking carefully about it:
[+ that ] The jury concluded from the evidence that the defendantyyas innocent.
The discussions continued late into the night, but nothing was concluded.

325
Q

“damaging events like strokes are irreversible”

A

strokes
1) a sudden change in the blood supply to a part of the brain, sometimes causing a loss of
the ability to move particular parts of the body:
She suffered/had a stroke that left her unable to speak.
irreversible
2) not possible to change; impossible to return to a previous condition:
Smoking has caused irreversible damage to his lungs.

326
Q

“But a series of recent discoveries has revealed that..

A

revealed
to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret:
He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians.
[+ that ] Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought.
[+ question word ] He would not reveal where he had hidden her chocolate eggs

327
Q

“This process known as neurogenesis involves dedicated brain cells

A

involves
If an activity, situation, etc. involves something, that thing is a part of the activity, etc.:
Research involving the use of biological warfare agents will be used for defensive purposes
[+ -ing verb ] The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart.

328
Q

“associated with learning and memory”

A

associated with
to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else:
Most people associate this brand with good quality.
Most people associate troglodytes with prehistoric times, but troglodyte communities still exist in Tunisia and China.
Both politicians have been closely associated with the movement for some time.
He has been associated with some dubious characters.
I am happy, indeed proud, to be associated with this project.
One or two of the earlier photos reveal an intriguing androgyny not normally associated with the actress.

329
Q

“Scientists don’t yet have a good grasp on exactly what role …

A

have a good grasp
understanding:
He has a good grasp of the issues.

330
Q

“or why they have this ability that is absent from the rest of the brain”

A

is absent from
not in the place where you are expected to be, especially at school or work:
John has been absent from schoolwork for three days now.
We drank a toast to absent friends.

331
Q

“the mere presence of a mechanism to grow.

A

mere
nothing more than; nothing more important than:
The mere fact that Greene plays for the Yankees gives him a lot of visibility.
The city receives a mere 20% of the parking revenues.

332
Q

to get the brain to heal its scars

A

heal -
examples:
the wounds were gradually healing (up)
peace talks were held to to try to heal the growing rift between the two sides.
a broken heart takes a long time to heal

scars
his early years in the refugee camp left a deep psychological scar

333
Q

similar to how new skin grows to patch up a wound

A

patch up a wound
to treat somebody’s injuries, especially quickly or for the present time only

the dr will soon patch you up

334
Q

a broken bone stitches itself back together

A

when a broken bone stitches itself, it heals.

335
Q

other small molecules that mimic those proteins …

A

mimic
to mimic is also to have the same or similar effect as sth else
this substance mimics calcium and can replace it in bones

336
Q

can actually migrate to places where injury has occurred

A

injury
several train passengers recieved/sustained serious injuries in the crash
injuries to the spine are common among these workers
he was rushed to hospital but died from his injuries

337
Q

give rise to new neurons there

A

give rise to: to couse sth
international support has given rise to a new optimism in the company

338
Q

to transplant healthy human neuronstem cells

A

transplant
a medical operation in which a new organ is put into someone’s body
he had a heart transplant
transplant surgery
a liver/kidney transplant

339
Q

which are cultured in a laboratory

A

to breed and keep particular living things in order to get the substances they produce

340
Q

در طی تاریخ هرگز دولتی در برنامه ریزی کنترل آلودگی‌هوا موفق نبوده است

A

Never in history has a government been successful in controlling air pollution

inversion

341
Q

تنها بعد از گذشت یکسال کارکنان شرکت فیسبوک افزایش یافتند

A

Only after a year did the workers of facebook increase

inversion

342
Q

تحت هیچ شرایطی کارمندان نباید در خارج از ساعات اداری با مشتریان تماس داشته باشند

A

Under no circumstamces can stuff contact clients out of working hours

inversion

343
Q

دانش آموزان تنها میزان کمی اطلاعات در مورد بازیافت میدانند

A

Only little do students know about recycling

344
Q

تنها بعد از مرگ بسیاری از حیوانات ما به اهمیت محیط زیست پی خواهیم برد

A

only after the death of many animals will we realize the importance of invironment conservation

inversion

345
Q

جوانان به ندرت در فعالیت های اجتماعی حضوری شرکت میکنند

A

Rarely do the youth attend social events

inversion

346
Q

افراد مسن به هیچ وجه نباید در کارهای سنگین شرکت کنند

A

In no way should the elderly be involved in hard work

inversion

347
Q

پیش از ورود خودروهای الکتریکی به بازار میزان الودگی هوا مسیر کاهشی نداشت

A

No sooner than the time when electric cars emerged had air pollution a downelward trend

348
Q

زمانیکه اعتیاد بسیار رایج شد، ما تقریبا به حدی رسیده بودیم که کنترل انرا به دست بگیریم

A

Only later had we reached an acceptable level to control addiction when it became so common

inversion

349
Q

در هیچ جایی در دنیا دانشگاه ها نمیتوانند خدمات تحصیلی رایگان به دانشجویان ارائه دهند

A

Nowhere in the world can universities provide free education to students

inversion

350
Q

اگر‌دانشگاه ها اموزش رایگان ارائه کرده بودند، بسیاری از افراد میتوانستند تحصیلات خود را ادامه داده باشند.

A

If universities provided free education, many peaple could have continued/finished their studies

351
Q

اگر دولت ها مالیات کمتری دریافت میکردند، به احتمال زیاد شرکت های کوچک زیادی ایجاد شده بودند.

A

If governments reduced tax, many small companies would most probably have been stablished

352
Q

انسانها نباید وارد محیط زندگی حیوانات میشدند

A

Human beings should not have entered the terriority of animals

353
Q

دانش اموزان باید بیشتر تلاش میکردند تا در دانشگاه های برتر قبول میشدند

A

students should have tey harder to be admitted to top universities

354
Q

مسائل سیاسی نباید در کارهای تحقیقاتی ورود میکرد

A

politics mist not have interfered with research projects

355
Q

تلفن‌های همراه میتوانستند دارای سنسور کنترل میزان استفاده باشند

A

smart phones could have had sensors to control their use

356
Q

برنامه های تلویزیونی باید بیشتر بر روی اموزش تمرکز ‌میکردند

A

Tv programs should have concentrated more on education

357
Q

خودروهای الاینده شاید از رده خارج‌ میشدند اگر خودروهای جایگزین برای انها تولید میشد

A

polluting vehicles might have exit the roads if substitutes were made for them

358
Q

بیماریهای واگیردار میتوانستند به وسیله تحقیقات‌گسترده درمان شوند

A

contagious disease could have been cured by extended research

359
Q

ظرفیت پارکینگ های مکان های تفریحی باید بیشتر میبود تا طرفداران بیشتری را جذب کند

A

there should have been more space in parking spaces so that recreational centers could attract more peaple