collocations Flashcards

Question 1

Q

به شدت اعتراض کرد

Answer

A

strongly object

Question 2

Q

به شدت استدلال میکنند

Answer

A

strongly argue

Question 3

Q

به شدت احساس میکند

Answer

A

strongly feel

Question 4

Q

به شدت پیشنهاد میکند

Answer

A

strongly suggest

Question 5

Q

به شدت محکوم میکند

Answer

A

strongly condemn

Question 6

Q

قویا حمایت میکند

Answer

A

strongly support

collocates with verbs, particularly verba that relate to having an opinion

Question 7

Q

به شدت توصیه میشود

Answer

A

strongly recommend

I would strongly recommend that you learn a foreign language.

Question 8

Q

به شدت تکذیب/انکار میکند

Answer

A

strongly deny

Question 9

Q

عمیقا اعتقاد داشتن

Answer

A

strongly believe

Question 10

Q

به شدت تاثیر میگذارد

Answer

A

strongly influence

collocates with verbs, particularly verba that relate to having an opinion

Question 11

Q

شدیدا مخالفت کنید

Answer

A

strongly oppose

collocates with verbs, particularly verba that relate to having an opinion

Question 12

Q

به طرز مسخره ای کوچک

Answer

A

ridiculously small

Question 13

Q

به طرز مسخره ای زود

Answer

A

ridiculously early

Question 14

Q

به طرز مسخره ای بزرگ

Answer

A

ridiculously lage

Question 15

Q

به طرز مسخره ای کوتاه

Answer

A

ridiqulously short

Question 16

Q

به طرز مسخره ای طولانی

Answer

A

ridiculously long

Question 17

Q

به طرز مسخره ای زیاد

Answer

A

ridiculously high

Question 18

Q

به طرز مسخره ای کم

Answer

A

ridiculously low

Question 19

Q

به طرز مسخره ای راحت

Answer

A

ridiculously easy

suggests something extreme, which seems unbelievable or unreasonable

Question 20

Q

به طرز مسخره ای گران

Answer

A

ridiculously expensive

The restaurant was ridiculously expensive. I’ll don’t think we’ll go there again.

Question 21

Q

به طرز مسخره ای ارزان

Answer

A

ridiculously cheap

suggests something extreme, which seems unbelievable or unreasonable

Question 22

Q

عمیقا ناراضی

Answer

A

deeply unhappy

Question 23

Q

عمیقا مذهبی

Answer

A

deeply religous

Question 24

Q

عمیقا مراقب و اهمیت دهنده

Answer

A

deeply care

Question 25

Q

عمیقا متاسف

Answer

A

deeply regret

Question 26

Q

عمیقا صدمه دیده

Answer

A

deeply hurt (of feeling)

Question 27

Q

عمیقا متاثر شده است

Answer

A

deeply affected

Question 28

Q

عمیقا جابجا شده-متحول شده

Answer

A

deeply moved

Question 29

Q

عمیقا متعهد

Answer

A

deeply committed

professor McDellvit was always deeply committed to her students.

Question 30

Q

عمیقا شوکه شده

Answer

A

deeply shocked

Question 31

Q

عمیقا نگران

Answer

A

deeply concerned

Question 32

Q

عمیقا شرمنده

Answer

A

deeply ashamed

collocates mainly with words associated with feelings; used slightly more in writing than in conversation

Question 33

Q

به شدت گریه کن

Answer

A

bitterly weep

Question 34

Q

گریه تلخ-شدید و‌سوزناک

Answer

A

bitterly cry

Question 35

Q

به شدت شکایت میکند

Answer

A

bitterly complain

Question 36

Q

پشیمانی تلخ-بسیار زیاد

Answer

A

bitterly regret

Question 37

Q

انتقاد تلخ

Answer

A

bitterly criticise

Question 38

Q

به شدت رنجیده

Answer

A

bitterly resent

Question 39

Q

به شدت ناامید کننده
به شدت ناامید شد

Answer

A

bitterly disappointing
bitterly disappointed

I was bitterly disappointed when I failed the exam.

Question 40

Q

کاملا بدبخت

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) miserable

Question 41

Q

کاملا ویران شده
پس از زلزله کل منطقه کاملا ویران شد.

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) devastated

the whole area was utterly devastated after the earthquake.

Question 42

Q

کاملا متقاعد شده

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) convinced

Question 43

Q

کاملا وحشت زده

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) appalled

Question 44

Q

کاملا تنها

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) alone

Question 45

Q

کاملا اشتباه و غلط

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) wrong

Question 46

Q

کاملا غیرممکن

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) impossible

Question 47

Q

کاملا احمق

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) stupid

Question 48

Q

کاملا مسخره

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) ridiculous

absolutely is slightly more formal
they combine with very extreme meanings we can’t use very.

Question 49

Q

به شدت خسته و‌درمونده

Answer

A

absolutely(utterly) exhausted
not very exhausted
whereas we can say very tired
not absolutely(utterly) tired.

Question 50

Q

بسیار غیر محتمل
بسیار محتمل

Answer

A

highly-extremely unlikely
highly-extremely likely

it is highly unlikely that i’ll finish my work on time.

Question 51

Q

بسیار غیرمعمول

Answer

A

highly-extremely unusual

Julia’s highly unusual behaviour began to worry her parents.

Question 52

Q

بسیار موفق

Answer

A

highly-extremely successful

Question 53

Q

بسیار رقابتی

Answer

A

highly-extremely competitive

Question 54

Q

بسیار سوداور

Answer

A

highly-extremely profitable

Question 55

Q

بسیار موثر

Answer

A

highly-extremely effective

Question 56

Q

بسیار بحث برانگیز

Answer

A

highly-extremely controversial

highly is used with some probability words.
they usually combine with very positive words.

Question 57

Q

مناقصه ارائه دهید

Answer

A

submit a tender

Question 58

Q

افزایش سرمایه

Answer

A

to raise capital

Question 59

Q

وارد شراکت شدن

Answer

A

to go into partnership with

Question 60

Q

شروع یک‌ تجارت

Answer

A

start up a business

Question 61

Q

flu outbreak hits southern europe

Answer

A

شیوع انقولانزا به جنوب اروپا رسید

Question 62

Q

شیوع پیدا میکند

Answer

A

outbreak hits

Question 63

Q

پلیس سرکوب/مقابله میکند

Answer

A

police crack down

Question 64

Q

پلیس بازجویی میکند

Answer

A

police quiz

Answer 65

A

airline slashes prices

Answer 66

A

cyclists must dismount here

Answer 67

A

alight the bus

Answer 68

A

trespassers will be prosecuted

Answer 69

A

dispose of 1unwanted items in
the receptacle2
provided

Answer 70

A

make arrangements for

the school can make arrangements puplis with special needs

the basic meaning of make is about producing something

Answer 71

A

make change or changes

the new manager is planing to make some changes

Answer 72

A

make a choice

Amelia had to make a choice between her career and her family

Answer 73

A

make a comment / comments

would anyone like to make any comments on the talk?

Answer 74

A

make a contribution to

she made a useful contribution to the discussion

Answer 75

A

make a decision

I’m glad it’s you who has to make the decision, not me.

Answer 76

A

make an effort

Micheal is realy making an effort with his maths this term.

Answer 77

A

make an excuse

I’m too tired to go out tonight.
let’s make an excuse and stay at home

Answer 78

A

make friends

caroline is very good at making friends

Answer 79

A

make an improvement

repainting the room has realy make an improvement

Answer 80

A

make a mistake

they’ve made a mistake in our bill

Answer 81

A

make a phone call

I’ve got to make some phone calls before dinner

Answer 82

A

make progress

Holly is making progress with all her school work

Answer 83

A

do your best

All that matters in the exam is to do your best

the basic meaning of do is about performing an action

Answer 84

A

do damage

the storm did some damage to our roof

Answer 85

A

do an experiment

we are doing an experiment to test how the metal reacts with water

Answer 86

A

do someone a good turn
do someone a favour

could you do me a favour and pick me up some milk from the supermarket?

jess did me a good turn by lending me her car while mine was in the garage

Answer 87

A

do harm

changing the rules may do more harm than good

Answer 88

A

do your hair

no, i’m not ready. I haven’t done my hair yet.

Answer 89

A

do your homework

my son has to do his homework straight after school

Answer 90

A

do the ironing/shopping/washing

I’ll do the washing if you do the ironing

Answer 91

A

do some work

we’ll do some work on our project and then we’ll go to the cinama

Answer 92

A

peaple go mad/bald/grey/blind/deaf

go is used for changes in peaple’s personality, apearance and physical abilities

Answer 93

A

he was very embarrassed and his face went red

suddenly the sky went very dark and it started ro rain

go is often used for sudden/usually/negative changes

Answer 94

A

the pages of the book had gone yellow over the years

Answer 95

A

the sky turned gold as the sun set

when the tomatoes turn red, the farmers pick them and sell them

the news gave his mother such a shock that her hair turned white overnight

Answer 96

A

she gave up smoking when she became pregnant

I would like to become involved in raising money for charity

Answer 97

A

become angry

become is true for collocations with adj

Answer 98

A

become bored

Answer 99

A

become excited

Answer 100

A

become depressed

Answer 101

A

become upset

Answer 102

A

become impatient

Answer 103

A

become violent

Answer 104

A

become famous

Answer 105

A

fall silent
become silent

Answer 106

A

grow older

Answer 107

A

grow louder

Answer 108

A

had/suffered a heart attack

Answer 109

A

have a child

Answer 110

A

going crazy

Answer 111

A

become extinct

Answer 112

A

become involve

Answer 113

A

become homeless

Answer 114

A

grow older

Answer 115

A

run a bath

Answer 116

A

making demands on

Answer 117

A

getting divorced

Answer 118

A

desperately jealous

Answer 119

A

made her way

Answer 120

A

giving lift

Answer 121

A

تلاش کردن

Answer 122

A

had a rest

Answer 123

A

do some shopping

Answer 124

A

making good progress

Answer 125

A

having a party

Answer 126

A

giving a lecture

Answer 127

A

duing her duty

Answer 128

A

university entry

Answer 129

A

make a good impression

Answer 130

A

lead the expedition

Answer 131

A

lead the discussion

Answer 132

A

leading the injury

Answer 133

A

desperately want/need

Answer 134

A

desperately tired/ill/poor

Answer 135

A

desperately unhappy/lonely/worried

Answer 136

A

physical pain

Answer 137

A

have a pain

Answer 138

A

a slight pain

Answer 139

A

a sharp pain

Answer 140

A

terrible/awful pain

Answer 141

A

several intense pain

Answer 142

A

wise decision

Answer 143

A

wise action

Answer 144

A

wise sensible

Answer 145

A

wise based

Answer 146

A

be wise
get wise

Answer 147

A

run across sth/sb

Answer 148

A

run after sb/sth

Answer 149

A

run around after sb/sth

Answer 150

A

run around with sb/sth

Answer 151

A

run through

Answer 152

A

he risked his life
risk life

Answer 153

A

was brave of him
was brave of somebody

Answer 154

A

threatening and imposing sanctions against other countries

Answer 155

A

the new world order

Answer 156

A

proof of thier poor judgment

Answer 157

A

give up your seat to someone else

Answer 158

A

was considerate of her/him
considerate of someone

Answer 159

A

تصادف کردن

Answer 160

A

have an argument/ a row

Answer 161

A

have a break

Answer 162

A

have a conversation / a chat

Answer 163

A

have difficulty

Answer 164

A

have a dream or nightmare

Answer 165

A

have an experience

I had a deightening experience the other day

Answer 166

A

have a feeling

I have a feeling that sth in wrong

Answer 167

A

have fun/ a good time

I’m sure you’ll have fun on the school trip

Answer 168

A

have a look

the manager wanted to have a look at what we were doing

Answer 169

A

have a party

Let’s have a party at the end of term

Answer 170

A

have a problem/problems

Ask the teacher if you have problems with the exercise

Answer 171

A

have a try/ a go

I’ll explain what to do and then you can have a go/try

Answer 172

A

take a holiday

we decided to take a holiday here

Answer 173

A

take a trip

we took a trip to the mountains yesterday

Answer 174

A

take a train
take a bus

first we took a train to a little town and then we took a bus going to various villages

Answer 175

A

کسی را دیدم که ان را دوست میداشتیم

take a liking to

Answer 176

A

take a risk

we were taking a risk as we didn’t know what we’d find there

Answer 177

A

take an interest in

Answer 178

A

take photo

we took a lot of photos

Answer 179

A

take a chance

I’d take a chance and leave if I were you

Answer 180

A

take a dislike to

the boss has taken a dislike to you!

Answer 181

A

take advantage of

take advantage of being in london

Answer 182

A

take action

Answer 183

A

pay attention

you must pay attention to the teacher

Answer 184

A

pay a compliment

I was trying to pay her a compliment but she misunderstood

Answer 185

A

pay your (last) respect

at a funeral peaple pay their last respects to the person who has died

Answer 186

A

pay tribute (formal)

when Jack retired, his boss made a speech paying tribute to all he had done for the company

Answer 187

A

used for batteries and electrical items

Answer 188

A

کامیون را بارگیری کرد

Answer 189

A

افراد مجروح

Answer 190

A

مبل اسیب دیده

Answer 191

A

رشد محصولات

collocates with crops, plants

Answer 192

A

پرورش دام

collocate with animals, children

Answer 193

A

به دست اوردن قدرت/کنترل/دسترسی

gain is often used with abstract nouns relating to political authority

The socialist party gained control of the national assembly

Answer 194

A

کسب شهرت
به دست اوردن تبلیغات
به رسمیت شناخته شود
کسب مزیت

gain is often used with abstract nouns that suggest benefit to the “gainer”

Her paintings gained recognition thanks to a major exhibition in New York

Answer 195

A

برنده شدن جایزه
برنده شدن جایزه
برنده شدن مدال(قهرمانی)
برنده شدن مسابقه

win is often used in contexts associated with competition

He won a medal in the 2016 Olympic Games

Answer 196

A

برنده شدن(پیروز شدن) در یک نبرد
برنده شدن یک جنگ
برنده شدن یک انتخابات

The conservative party won the 2015 general election

Answer 197

A

حقوق بگیر
کسب پول

I earn $2110 a month

you earn money by working for it

Answer 198

A

کسب سود
پول دراوردن
The company made a profit last year

you can make money by investing,etc..,
not just by working

Answer 199

A

دستیابی به موفقیت
دستیابی به اهداف
دستیابی به اهداف

It’s difficult to achieve success in international sport

Answer 200

A

یک‌ تیم را شکست دهد
حریف را شکست دهد

He defeated his opponent in the tennis final

You win a match but beat/defeat an opponent
defeat is more formal than beat

Answer 201

A

we spent three days in the mountains (not passed)
if you buy a big car you’ll have to soend more money on petrol
(not use)
last night i spent two hours watching tv
(not stayed)
I spent an hour looking for the keys before i found them in my bag
(not passed)

Answer 202

A

استعاره
کلماتی که بعنوان استعاره استفاده میشوند
در اصل در‌معنای به نسبت و تقریبا متفاوتی نسبت به معنی اصلی خود ان میباشد

Answer 203

A

to mean happy
(metaphors)
in these collocations sunny is used in a petaphorical way

Answer 204

A

petaphors
light in english is associated with happiness

Answer 205

A

they suddenly feel happy

Answer 206

A

it becomes more relaxed or cheerful than it was

Answer 207

A

darkness is associated with unhappiness and negative feelings

Answer 208

A

it was a very successful meeting. The idea flowed

flow suggests that things progress easily, without effort

Answer 209

A

the little girl was in floods of tears.
tears were streaming down her face

both of these metaphors about tears suggest the girl is crying a lot

Answer 210

A

peaple poured out of the hall at the end of the lecture

pour and stream suggest lots of peaple moving smoothly

Answer 211

A

peaple trickled into the concert hall

trickle suggests a few peaple moving slowly

Answer 212

A

there was a stream of traffic outside our room all night

stream suggests continuos movement

Answer 213

A

is one in which peaple disagree in an angry way with each other

Answer 214

A

you mean that they often get suddenly angry

Answer 215

A

you mean that peaple became angry with each other
flare means show a bright light in the dark

Answer 216

A

means thay problems which in the past suddenly become serious again

Answer 217

A

there is a lot of it and it is spectacular

Answer 218

A

he’s the one who suggested i beacame a teacher
my father is the one that tought me to play the piano
that hous is the one where i grew up

Answer 219

A

we were in a situation where there were no easy solutions
I’m almost at the stage where I’m ready to quit my job and go into business for myself
I’ve reached the point where I feel I should just give up

Answer 220

A

a future that is looking happy and successful

Answer 221

A

an intelligent child

Answer 222

A

a friendly welcom

Answer 223

A

a friendly smile

Answer 224

A

unfriendly eyes

Answer 225

A

an unfriendly stare

Answer 226

A

have had unbroken sunshine ever since we arrived

افتاب ناگسستنی

Answer 227

A

though in the middle of the day it’s just too scorching hot to do anything

گرمای سوزان

Answer 228

A

lie on the beach soaking up the sunshine

در ساحل دراز بکشید و نور خورشید را جذب کنید

Answer 229

A

تمام روز با باران می بارید.
در واقع من هرگز چنین باران سیل آسا را ندیده بودم! در چادر هوا سرد است - همه ما خیس شدیم.
هر نیم ساعت به امید استراحت در ابرها از چادر به بیرون نگاه می کنیم.

Answer 230

A

دیروز تمام روز باران شدیدی بارید اما در حال حاضر هوا خشک است.
با این حال، ابر غلیظی وجود دارد و مطمئناً شبیه باران است
باد نسبتاً شدیدی نیز می وزد

Answer 231

A

the weather is likely to deteriorate later on today

wether deteriorates ( opposite: improves)

deteriorate is quite formal
the weather is getting worse is more informal

Answer 232

A

there is thick fog on the motorway.

there are patches of fog on the east coast but this should lift by modday.

thick/dense fog
patches of fog/mist
a blanket of fog(literally)
fog/mist comes down (opposite: lifts)
مه پایین میاد بیشتر میشه بالا بره کمتر میشه(از بین میره)

a blanket of fog/mist is thicker and more extensive.
patches of fog/mist are small areas

Answer 233

A

avoid going on the beach at midday when the sun is strongest

strong sun (opposite: weak)

Answer 234

A

road conditions are difficult because of the driving rain

driving rain= rain falling fast and heavily

heavy rain(not string rain)
driving rain
light rain
a downpour of rain
a shower of rain
to rain hard
rain fell heavily

Answer 235

A

the snow is lovely and crisp this morning

crisp snow= snow that is fresh and hard

heavy/fresh/crisp/thick/driving snow

snow falls
snow melts
a blanket of snow

Answer 236

A

there will be a hard frost tonight

hard frost
opposite : light frost ( not a soft frost)

Answer 237

A

the wind was light this morning but it’s picking up now and will be very strong by the evening.
the wind was whistling through the trees.

biting winds=very cold winds
if the wind picks up, it gets stronger
not a breath of wind
a gust of wind

high/strong/light/biting winds
بادهای شدید/قوی/سبک/گزنده
the winds picks up(opposite: dies down)
the wind blows/whistles

Answer 238

A

طوفان های عجیب و غریب ویران می کند

دیروز شرایط آب و هوایی عجیب در جنوب غربی انگلیس رخ داد.
1very unusual or unexpected
بادهای تندباد خسارات زیادی به اموال وارد کرد.
2stuck,badly affected
3 extremely strong wind
تعدادی از ساختمان ها ویران شده، سقف ها کنده شده و نرده ها منفجر شده اند.
چندین رودخانه از سواحل خود خارج شدند.
4 rivers flooded

Answer 239

A

Have you made your travel arrangements for the sales conference yet?

if you want a good travel agent, I can recommend Atlas world.

they specilise in business travel

travel arrangements
travel agent
business travel

Answer 240

A

I know next week is a business trip.

I suggest we take a day trip to canamuca

we can take a boat trip to the island

safe journey

business trip
day trip
boat trip
safe journey

Answer 241

A

من بالاخره بعد از یک سفر بسیار خسته کننده اینجا هستم!
پرواز سه ساعت تاخیر داشت، چمدانم را گم کردند، بعد در فرودگاه تاکسی نبود.
امیدوارم سفر برگشتم بهتر باشه

tiring journey
return journey (opposite: outward jurney)

Answer 242

A

چند بروشور مسافرتی با جزئیات سفرهای کمپینگ دریافت کردم.
برای رسیدن به آنجا از پایتخت یک شبه طولانی سفر است.

travell brochures
overnight journey
camping trips

Answer 243

A

in-flight entertainment
in-flight magazine
fasten your seatbelts
boarded the plane
connecting flight
Domestic flights
window seat
aisle seat
charter flight(flight on the plane rented for special use)
schedule flight(regular flight organised by the company which owns the plane)
The weather en route is fine, and we anticipate a smooth flight to stockholm today. (the opposite is a bumpy flight)

palair با جدیدترین فیلم ها و موسیقی، سرگرمی های پرواز عالی را ارائه می دهد.
مجله حین پرواز شامل نقشه ها و اطلاعات مربوط به فرودگاه های اصلی است.
(اعلام توسط مهماندار کابین)
خانم ها و آقایان، به زودی در فرودگاه دوبلین فرود خواهیم آمد.
لطفا کمربندهای ایمنی خود را ببندید
مسافر به موقع سوار هواپیما شد، اما پرواز با تاخیر انجام شد و او پرواز اتصال خود را در آمستردام از دست داد.
پروازهای داخلی اغلب گرانتر از پروازهای خارجی هستند.
(پروازهای داخل یک کشور)
آیا هنگام پرواز معمولاً صندلی پنجره را ترجیح می دهید یا صندلی راهرو؟
ما موفق شدیم یک پرواز چارتر بگیریم. نصف قیمت پرواز برنامه ریزی شده بود.

Answer 244

A

family-run hotel
run-down hotel
luxury hotel
smart hotels
budget accommodation
make a reservation
fully booked

ما در یک خانه کوچک خانوادگی نشستیم
پانوراما یک هتل نسبتاً فرسوده در خیابان پشتی در مرکز شهر است
محل هتل های لوکس است. من همیشه باید به دنبال اقامتگاه مقرون به صرفه باشم. (خیلی ارزان)
من به شما توصیه می کنم قبل از رفتن رزرو کنید. هتل های نزدیک ساحل بسیار محبوب هستند و در طول تابستان به طور کامل رزرو می شوند.

Answer 245

A

از اتاقم به حومه اطراف نگاه می کنم.
با منظره آشنایی که از پنجره خانه می بینم بسیار متفاوت است.
در خانه، منظره ای ملایم با زمین های باز است.
اینجا منظره ای تاریک با کوه های سنگی در دوردست است
surrounding countryside
familiar landscape
gentle landscape
open field
bleak landscape
rocky mountains

Answer 246

A

دیروز مسیری را به سمت دریاچه دنبال کردیم. وقتی به گوشه ای پیچیدیم، نگاهی اجمالی به ماهی شاهی که در آب ایستاده بود را دیدیم.
جان سعی کرد از آن عکس بگیرد اما دید ما را گرفت و پرواز کرد.
کمی جلوتر، یک پیچ را گرد کردیم و کلیسای سنت جان نمایان شد.
ابی در حدود سیصد سال پیش خراب شد.
اگرچه در ویرانه‌ای قرار دارد، اما ارزش دیدن آن را دارد زیرا در یک محیط دراماتیک در شیب تند در کنار رودخانه‌ای پرآب با کوه‌هایی که بر فراز آن سر به فلک کشیده‌اند قرار دارد.
followed a path
turned a corner
caught a glimpse of
take a picture
caught sight of
rounded a bend
came into view
fell into ruin
lies in ruins
well worth seeing
dramatic setting
steep slope
fast-flowing river
mountains towering

Answer 247

A

این کلبه در یک حومه شهر دست نخورده فوق العاده در لبه یک جنگل انبوه است.
متأسفانه درختان دید کوه های پوشیده از برف را مسدود می کنند.
یک باغ کوچک با نهر در انتهای آن دارد. جریان در میان جنگل می پیچد.
آنها می خواستند یک کارخانه چوب در اینجا بسازند اما مردم محلی گفتند که این کار باعث نابودی حومه شهر می شود و خوشبختانه تلاش آنها برای حفاظت از محیط زیست موفق شد.
unspoilt countryside
dense forest
block the view
snow-covered mountains
stream winds
destroy the countryside
protect the environment

Answer 248

A

nothing blocks the view of the castle

Answer 249

A

view over the very wide area

Answer 250

A

very dramatic view

Answer 251

A

the area has some breathtaking scenary- mountains, cliffs, lakes.
streamly striking and beautiful views

Answer 252

A

can be seen from a long way away

Answer 253

A

without many peaple

Answer 254

A

you can wander for miles along the golden sands

Answer 255

A

you can quickly go from the hustle of the town to the tranquil countryside

Answer 256

A

خط افق شهر ترکیبی فوق العاده از قدیم و جدید است و خود شهر خیابان های سنگفرش شده و باریک زیادی دارد. شهر قدیمی یک منطقه حفاظت شده است و دارای بسیاری از ساختمان های قدیمی عجیب و غریب است که قدمت آن به پایه گذاری شهر در دهه 1500 برمی گردد.
city skyline
cobbled streets
conservation area
quaint old buildings

Answer 257

A

خیابان Doradella دارای بسیاری از مغازه‌های لوکس و رستوران‌های نسبتاً گران‌قیمت، گاهی اوقات گران‌قیمت است، اما نه چندان دور منطقه Genasia است، جایی که رستوران‌هایی را خواهید یافت که ارزش مناسب و فضای آرام‌تری دارند.

upmarket shops
pricey(expensive, in a negative sense)
overpriced
good value
relaxed atmosphere

Answer 258

A

خیابان سلطنتی از شمال به جنوب امتداد دارد و مملو از مغازه‌ها است.
پشت آن، خیابان ها پر از بارهای پرجنب و جوش و کلوب های مد روز است.
کافه های پیاده رو و مغازه های میدان لونا دلپذیر اما بسیار گران هستند

royal avenue runs
lined with shops
lively bars
fashionable clubs
pavement cafes

Answer 259

A

همانطور که وارد شهر می شوید، خیابان های درختکاری شده در مناطق مسکونی به زودی با آپارتمان های مرتفع در داخل شهر جایگزین می شوند.
سپس ساختمان های باشکوه پارلمان و ادارات دولتی می آیند

tree-lined avenue
residential areas
high-rise flats
inner city
imposing buildings

Answer 260

A

some of the inner-city areas are an urban wasteland and are somewhat dangerous for visitors.
In fact some streets have become no-go areas, with high crime.
many streets are strewn with litter and there are numerous run-down buildings.
there are some deprived areas round the city centre with huge social problems.
the industrial zones which lie on the edge of the city are grey and polluted

inner-city areas are
urban wasteland
no-go areas
strewn with litter
run-down buildings
deprived areas
industrial zones

Answer 261

A

تریوپه شهری گسترده با ترافیک سپر به سپر در تمام طول روز است.
دود اگزوز می تواند یک کابوس باشد.
حجم ترافیک در سال های اخیر افزایش یافته است و غرش بی وقفه کامیون ها و اتوبوس ها مرکز شهر را به مکانی بسیار پر سر و صدا تبدیل کرده است.
حومه های راحت دور از مرکز شهر به شدت با شهرک های فقیر نشینی که در مسیر فرودگاه می بینید تضاد دارد.

sprawling city
bumper-to-bumper traffic
exhaust fumes
volume of traffic
incessant roar
comfortable suburbs
shanty towns

Answer 262

A

1 peaple enjoy being with you
2 you sometimes act in a selfish way
رگه هایی از خودخواهی

Answer 263

A

you have an outgoing personality and a good sense of humor

Answer 264

A

you have a vivid imagination, but you tend to lose your temper too easily

Answer 265

A

you are highly intelligent with
a razor-sharp mind

Answer 266

A

شما استانداردهای بالایی برای خود تعیین می کنید و به شدت به دوستان خود وفادار هستید

1 stronger than extremely

Answer 267

A

the best aspect of your personality is the way you always put others first

Answer 268

A

.although you can be painfully shy in social situations, at work you give the impression of being supremely confident

Answer 269

A

شما تمایل به تصمیم گیری فوری دارید

snap decisions quick decisions

Answer 270

A

keep your word

you have a strong snese of responsibility and always keep your word

Answer 271

A

you are good at keeping secrets and never bear a grudge

bear a grudge
resent for a long time bad things others have done to you

Answer 272

A

you find it hard to keep your temper if you think someone is making a fool out of you

Answer 273

A

شما می توانید بی رحمانه صادق باشید و گاهی اوقات احساسات دیگران را جریحه دار کنید

Answer 274

A

verb+noun collocations

Answer 275

A

verb + noun collocations

Answer 276

A

the children played a joke/trick on the teacher by hiding under their desks before she came into the room

Answer 277

A

Fortunately, the teacher could
take a joke and didn’t punish them

Answer 278

A

Isabella swallowed her pride and admitted that she was wrong

swallow your pride

Answer 279

A

the child throw a tantrum when I wouldn’t buy him any sweets

throw a tantrum

Answer 280

A

Finally I lost my patience and shouted at her

Answer 281

A

Nick has found it hard to come to terms with his illness

come to terms with

Answer 282

A

Daniel’s failure to support her has certainly revealed his true character

reveal your true character

Answer 283

A

My father has a round face and a droopy moustache.
My mother has a more pointed face
and a straight nose.
My younger sister is more like my father.
she has an oval face and an upturned nose.
my older sister is like a model. she has a slim figure and a slender waist.
she has a lovely complexion and beautiful sleek, shoulder-length hair, and she’s always immaculately groomed.
I feel so ordinary next to her - I’ve got coarse hair and rather board hips, but she always says I look nice

round face
droopy moustache
pointed face
straight nose
oval face
upturned nose
slender waist
lovely complexion
sleek
shoulder-lenght hair
immaculately groomed
coarse hair
board hips

Answer 284

A

my father and my two older brothers are all well-built with broad shoulders.
my father is going bald but he still has a very youthful appearance for some one who is over forty
my brothers both have thick hair and bushy eyebrows
my younger brother is only two, but he’s very cute, with chubby cheeks
my mother’s side of the family mostly have dark-hair in fact my mother had
jet-black hair when she was younger, before she went grey but on my fathers side, some have fair hair and some have ginger hair

well-built
broad shoulders
going bald
youthful appearance
thick hair
bushy eyebrows
chubby cheeks
dark hair
jet-black hair
went grey
fair hair
ginger hair

Answer 285

A

a short dumpy woman was selling flowers at a stall on the street corner.

this collocation is slightly negative and used more often of women than of men

Answer 286

A

a portly gentleman answered the door.

fat and round; usually used of middle-aged and older men

Answer 287

A

A lanky youth was standing at the street corner

tall and thin and tending to move awkwardly

Answer 288

A

I would’nt like peaple to see me with dishevelled hair and dirty clothes

very untidy, used of peaple’s hair and appearance

Answer 289

A

He bears a striking resemblance to his father

looks remarkably like

Answer 290

A

the lady who entered the room had a very striking appearance

unusual appearance, in a positive, atractive sense

Answer 291

A

sociologists talk about nuclear and extended families.
A nuclear family is just parents and children.
An extended family is a wider network including grandparents, cousins, etc
close relatives are those like parents, children, brothers or sisters.
Distant relatives are peaple like second cousins or distant cousins.
(a children of a cousin of your mother or father)

Answer 292

A

Close/immediate family refers to peaple who are your nearest blood relatives.
I don’t have much close/immediate family.
she’s a distant cousin of mine; she’s not a blood relative.
close can also be used to mean that the relationship is a very strong one:
we are a very close family. or we are a very close-knit family.

Answer 293

A

these adjectives also collocate with family:
loving, respectable, dysfunctional
henry came from a respectable family, so ella’s parents felt happy about the marriage

Answer 294

A

someone’s late husband/wife is one who has died.
An estranged husband/wife is one who lives in a different place and has a difficult relationship with their husband/wife.
they maybe having a trial separation and may eventually decide to get a divorce.
In some cases it can be a bitter/acrimonious divorce.
(full of anger, arguments and bad feeling)
a person’s ex-husband/ex-wife is a man/woman that she/he used to be married to.

Answer 295

A

children whose parents have seperated or divorsed are said to come from a broken home.
If their family is a strong, loving one it can be called a stable home.
If it is a poor one, not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, such as enough money, food or good living conditions, it can be called a deprived home.
A confirmed bachelore is a man who seems to have no intention of ever marrying.

Answer 296

A

they are hoping to start a family soon

Answer 297

A

I’d like to have three children

have children

Answer 298

A

Astrid is expecting a baby

Answer 299

A

Alyssa had her baby yesteday
(not get a baby)

have a baby

Answer 300

A

the baby is due next week
=expected to arrive

Answer 301

A

it’s hard being a single parent
may be either unmarried or divorced

Answer 302

A

raise/bring up children/ a family
violet had to bring up four young children on her own

Answer 303

A

apply for custody of give/grant/custody
the father applied for custody of the children, but the judge gave/granted custody to her mother

Answer 304

A

nice works very long hours to provide for his family

Answer 305

A

we live with my mum now, but we’ll set up home on our own soon

Answer 306

A

nathan srtuck up a friendship with a girl he met on holiday

srtike a friendship = start a friendship

Answer 307

A

Audrey formed a lasting friendship with the boy she sat next to at primary school

form/develope a friendship
not make a friendship

Answer 308

A

spending several weeks on holiday together has cemented their friendships

cement/spoil a friendship
cement= strengthen
spoil= have a bad effect on

Answer 309

A

we were at school together, but our friendship grew after we would left school

a friendship grows
grow= get stronger

Answer 310

A

I’m glad that our children are such close friends

close/special friends
mutual friends= friends that you share with someone else

Answer 311

A

I don’t know santiago well, we’re just casual acquaintance

some one you know a little

Answer 312

A

we must keep in contact when the course ends

keep in contact/touch
opposite= lose contact/touch

Answer 313

A

fell madly in love with
love at first sight
the love of my life
love was returned
desperately in love
make a commitment
accepted his proposal
love each other unconditionally
having an affair

Answer 314

A

fully furnished flat avilable to rent from 1st september.
quiet residential area

Answer 315

A

newly-built apartment
fully-fitted kitchen
off-road parking

Answer 316

A

short-let accommodation

Answer 317

A

It’s a big old four-storey house.
It’s got a specious living room which has a wonderful view of the park, and a cosy study where we can both work.
there are some lovely light, airy bedrooms which overlook the garden.
there is a seperate basement flat, which we might turn into a granny flat for my mother.
If we want to add an extension there’s room for that.
it needs to be completely refurbished, but we always want to do up an old house.

spacious living room
has a view of
cosy study
light and airy bedrooms
basement flat
turn into a granny flat
add an extension or build an extension
completely refurbished
do up an old house

Answer 318

A

I’d love to move out of my awful one-bedroom flat.
it’s in such a dilapidated building.
you go into a draughty hall, down a chilly corridor and into this really cramped room.
i want to buy a place of my own but there’s a shortage of affordable housing here and I don’t want to take out a big mortgage.
I’ll hope you invite me to your house-warming party.

move out
dilapidated building
droughty hall
chilly corridor
cramped room
a place of my own
affordable housing
take out mortgage
invite me
house-warming party

Answer 319

A

moving away from her family made her feel homesick.
his family are throwing a party to welcome him home.
(to a guest who’s just arrived) come in and make yourself at home while finish getting dinner ready.
I havn’t lived in Oxford for long but I already feel at home here.
I’d like to buy second home near the coast.

feel homesick
welcome him home
make yourself at home
feel at home
second home

Answer 320

A

nourishing meals

وعده های غذایی مغذی

Answer 321

A

fresh produce

تولید تازه

Answer 322

A

ready meals

Answer 323

A

food additives

افزودنی های مواد غذایی

I can’t believe food additives are good for our long-term health

Answer 324

A

processed foods

غذاهای فراوری شده

Answer 325

A

GM foods

غذاهای تراریخته

No, and I think processed foods in general are probably bad for us, not to mention GM foods

Answer 326

A

perishable food

Answer 327

A

the restaurant was leaving perishable food lying round outside the fridge, and some peaple got food poisoning, so the authorities closed it down

Answer 328

A

whether it’s a light meal or a substantial (large) meal you’re looking for, whether you want a slap-up meal(unusually large and good), a gourmet meal(high-quality) or just tasty, home-cooked food, there’s sth for everyone in the old port restaurant area. enjoy good food in a pleasant setting.

Answer 329

A

let’s find a cafe and have a quick snack.
And I could really do with a refreshing drink.

Answer 330

A

I’m dying of hunger! I need a decent meal

Answer 331

A

I know you have a healthy appetite, but you had a hearty breakfast only three hours ago! well, how about having a soft drink and a bag of crisps now, and a proper lunch later?

Answer 332

A

crisps will only spoil your appetite.
look, this restaurant looks good and the set menu is reasonably priced.

Answer 333

A

food/cooking/cuisine

Answer 334

A

international cuisine

Answer 335

A

when a book or films comes out, newspapers and websites, like booklikes and IMDB, will review it.

Answer 336

A

the peaple who review the book/film are called book reviewers/film critics and they write book/film reviews.

Answer 337

A

If they don’t like a book or film they give it a bad review.
we can say that a novel or film is based on a true story
we say that a book or film captures an atmosphere or that a book or film deals with a topic

Answer 338

A

we talk about the opening or closing scenes of a film and the opening or closing chapters of a book
we talk about the begining and end of a book or film(not start and finish)

Answer 339

A

If everything works out well for the central characters, we say that the book or film has a happy ending
you may recommend a book or film that you enjoyed to a friend
If a lot of peaple have enjoyed it, it is highly recommended

Answer 340

A

I’ve never had any desire go on the stage (become an actor)myself but I’d love to produce a film.
I think historical dramas work particularly well on the big screen(the cinama) and I’d love to make a film about Vikings in Britian.

Answer 341

A

there’d be plenty of opportunities to use special effects(powerful visual effects, often created using technology) during battle scenes
I’d want the male lead(main male part) to be played by Hugh Jackman, while jennifer lawrence could have the female lead
liam neesin could play the role of a wiking warrior and I’d like Judi Dench to take on a cameo role(small but special part).
I’m sure that, as always, she would give an excellent performance.
my dream is to make a film that would be nominated for an Oscar(put on the official list of peaple in the film world who may recieve a special prize)
of course, I’d also like it to be an immidiate box-office hit(extremely successful with audiences), playing to full houses(cinamas/theatres with no empty seats) worldwide

Answer 342

A

cast a film
star in a film
shoot a film
make a film

Answer 343

A

claudia was so engrossed/absorbed in her book that she didn’t hear me

be engrossed/absorbed in a book

Answer 344

A

many peaple find articles about the private lives of film stars compulsive reading

Answer 345

A

I don’t think horror story makes good bedtime reading

Answer 346

A

Detective stories are good for train journeys as they’re an easy read

Answer 347

A

you can look up the latest book releases and download an audiobook from the iTunes store. I’ve just helped my mother download an e-book reader app on her tablet

Answer 348

A

Mona flicked/skimmed through the book without reading it in detail

Answer 349

A

the book is beautifully written - I highly recommend it

Answer 350

A

bloom music from the centre of the earth
new arrivals on the rock music scene, bloom are already a big impact.

music scene

Answer 351

A

If you’re looking for background music, then this is not for you, but if you want music to blast out from your hi-fi and annoy the neighbours, then bloom’s debut album, with tracks from their live performance at the delay stadium, may be just what you want.

background music
blast out from(sound extremely loud)
debut album(presented to the public for the first time)
live performance

Answer 352

A

for fans of easy listening and catchy tunes, this is all you need.
infact it’s so relaxing you might just fall asleep.
MacRoy gives a sentimental performance of these old love songs.
at 47, he’s not exactly a pop idol but his adoring fans will love it.

easy listening (music that is not serious or difficult)
catchy(pleasan and easy to remember)tunes
gives a … performance
pop idol
adoring fans

Answer 353

A

this is a rock symphony, an extraodinary piece of music.
After their massive hit in 2015 with Megalith, their record company has released this album hoping for another big hit.
The band themselves wrote the music.
they have a huge following and are due to go on tour later this year.

upiece of music
massive hit
released
big hit
wrote the music
huge following
go on tour

Answer 354

A

Haunting melodies and the occasional virtuoso performance from its two soloists mark this collection of popular British classical music, which aims to capture a wider audience for the classics and to promote Britian’s musical heritage.
Roger crow conducts the orchestra.
crow himself composed two of the pieces, hence the title.
Good birthday present for your uncle and aunt.
But if you’re a real classical music lover, save your money.

Haunting melodies
occasional virtuoso(extremely skilful)performance
capture a wider audience
musical heritage
conducts the orchestra
composed pieces
music lover

Answer 355

A

Bust-out’s new double album features Jola V, a young rap artist from Miami.
Jola used to be with chisago hip-hop band Frenzy, but went solo in 2015.
The band have remixed four tracks from earlier albums and Jola’s up-tempo numbers just add to the excitement.

features(includes as an important part)
rap artist (rock music in which rhymed lyrics are spoken over rhythm tracks)
went solo
remixed(made a new version of a musical track)
up-tempo(played at a fast beat)

Answer 356

A

I saw Martin strumming a guitar the other day. I didn’t know he could play.
He can’t. He just likes peaple to think he can. He’s got no musical talent whatsoever.

Answer 357

A

I’ve taken up the guitar. I’ve had three lessons so far.
That’s great. I love live music. what can you play?
well, the first week was all about tuning the instrument. I’ve got to play a piece for my teacher next week.

taken up the guitar
live music
tuning the instrument
play a piece

Answer 358

A

sportsmen and sportswomen want to win matches, not lose matches.
but you can’t win all the time!
some times a team or player deserves to win, but gets narrowly defeated/beaten

win matches
lose matches
deserve to win
narrowly defeated/beaten

Answer 359

A

before they go in for/enter a competition, athletes train hard.
they probably attend/do at least five training sessions a week.
they are likely to put up a fight to gain/get a place in the next stage/round of the competition.

go in for/enter a competition
train hard
attend/do training sessions
put up a fight
gain/get a place
stage/round of the competition

Answer 360

A

of course, a sportsperson’s ultimate aim is to break the world record in their sport.
if they succeed, they set a new world record and become a world record holder.
they are sure to come up against fierce/intence sompetition as they try to achieve their ambitions.
sometimes they are satisfied if they just avhieve a personal best.

break the world record
set a new world record
world record holder
come up against fierce/intense competition
achieve their ambitions
achieve a personal best

Answer 361

A

some sports peaple so desperately want to win that they take drugs to enhunce their performance.
this will be descovered when they fail a drug test.

desperately want
enhunce their performance
fail a drug test

Answer 362

A

you can play or have a (football) matche/game (of football).
it might be a home or an away match depending on whether you’re playing on your team’s home ground or not.

play or have a (football) matche/game (of football).
home ground
home/away match

Answer 363

A

the aim is to score a goal.
players may tackle an opponent to try to take possession of the ball.
if you tackle in an illegal way, you foul your opponent.
this will lead to the referee blowing his whistle and an opponent taking a penalty or taking a free kick.

score a goal
tackle an opponent
take possession of the ball
foul your opponent
blowing his whistle
taking a penalty
taking a free kick
drop the player
bring on a substitute
taken the lead

Answer 364

A

if someone isn’t playing very well the manager may decide to drop the player from the team or bring on a substitute.
Both teams hope that they will have taken the lead by half-time

drop the player
bring on a substitute
taken the lead

Answer 365

A

I got soaking and caught a cold

a cold, the flu, a chill, pneumonia

Answer 366

A

uncle jess contracted malaria while he was working in africa

a disease
malaria
typhoid

Answer 367

A

my grandfather developed Alzheimer’s disease and could no longer remember things or recognise peaple

(lung/breast) cancer, diabetes, AIDS, arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 368

A

she has suffered from asthma all her life

asthma, hay fever, backache

Answer 369

A

she has suffered from asthma all her life

asthma
hay fever
backache

Answer 370

A

she had an attack of hay fever and was sneezing non-stop

bronchitis
asthma
hay fever
diarrhoea

Answer 371

A

he was diagnosed with lung cancer and died a year later

(lung/breast) cancer
AIDS
leukaemia
autism

Answer 372

A

the driver sustained serious head injuries in the crash

(major/minor/serious/head) injuries

Answer 373

A

take vigorous exercise
balanced diet
healthy earing
follow fitness programme
stick to your programme
kept fit

Answer 374

A

my proof friend gina is terminally ill(she will die soon) she suffers excruciating/unbearable pain most of the time.
apparently it’s an incurable illness that runs in her family.
Dave annoys everyone at work. he takes days off even for the most trivial/minor ailments.
it’s a serious illness, but probably not life-threatening.
for a few days it was acutely/intensely painful, but now it’s just a dull ache.
my doctor prescribed me some tablets and they relieved/alleviated the pain.
cora was taken ill the other day.
she’s in hospital. they’re not sure what it is yet.
i had a heavy cold and a splitting headache, so I wasn’t in a good mood
(opposite of a heavy cold is a slight cold)

terminally ill
excruciating/unbearable pain
incurable illness
trivial/minor ailments
serious illness
life-threatening
acutely/intensely painful
dull ache
prescribed
some tablets
relieved/alleviated the pain
taken ill
heavy cold
splitting headache

Answer 375

A

A good place to start is by looking at a definition of your topic or your essay question and making a note of any keywords.
use those to do a web search and start reading through the results.
there are a lot of online resources’ to help you search effectively.
many search engines have ‘hints and tips’ pages which show you how to use them more efficiently and this can help you to refine your search.
it’s important to evaluate sites critically
one way to access reliable information is to subscribe to online journals to get more information on specific topics such as medicine, science etc. you can often search by keyword in back issues to find older articles that might be relevant.

place to start
making a note
do a web search
online resources (useful online materials)
hints and tips
refine your search (make your search more accurate)
evaluate critically (think carefully about whether sth is reliable or truthful)

Answer 376

A

I have to sit/take an exam in biology at the end of term

Answer 377

A

our class carried out/conducted a research project into the history of our school

Answer 378

A

I decided to enrol on/take a course in computer programming

Answer 379

A

she studied for/took a degree in engineering

Answer 380

A

I studied/took history and economics in high school

Answer 381

A

all students have to write an essay/assignment at the end of term

Answer 382

A

professor parkinson gave a lecture on the american civil war

Answer 383

A

he obtained/was awarded a diploma in Town planning in 2010

Answer 384

A

her essay recieved/was given an A-grade

Answer 385

A

tou will meed to obtain/acquire a qualification in social work

Answer 386

A

the country is poor; only 27% of children recieve a basic education

Answer 387

A

do you keep a vocabulary notebook?
I did the first draft of my essay last week and the final draft this week
i have to hand it in tomorrow then the teacher gives us feedback after about a week
we don’t have exams at my school. we have continuous assassment.(system where the quality of a student’s work is judged by pieces of course work and not by one final examination)
the local technocal college provides training for young peaple in a variety of professions.
after secondary school, 30% of the population go on to higher/tertiary education, and 20% of adults do some sort of further education course during their lives.
does your governments recognise foreign qualifications for school teachers?

keep a notebook
first draft
final draft
gives feedback
continuous assassment
provides training
higher/tertiary education
further education
recognise qualifications

Answer 388

A

to wreck/ruin someone’s career
at the height/peak of your career
her career lasted…
to embark on a career?(to start a career)
to have a career in(medicine) a brilliant career
to climb the career ladder
a promising career
a career takes off(a career starts to become very successful)

Answer 389

A

to carry out work
to supervise work
to complete work
to work closely with
available to start work
to take on work

Answer 390

A

a fulfilling job
a demanding job
a steady job
a high-powered job
to apply for a job
to offer someone a job
a permanent job

Answer 391

A

Do you have experience in sales?
Are you a good team player?
Are you looking for a stimulating
working environment?
Would you like to be an integral part of
a close team?
We can offer you job satisfaction and
generous benefits?
Vacancy must be filled? within
three weeks.
have experience
good team player(a person who co-operates well with other peaple)
stimulating working environment
integral part
close team
job satisfaction
generous benefits(good rewards for work - not just salary but also perhaps a company car, good holiday entitlement)
vacancy must be filled(the job must be offered to someone and accepted)

Answer 392

A

Bella has a job as a PA. Basically her role is to take charge of her boss, who is not a very organised person, and make sure nothing goes wrong. She makes appointments for her boss
and she makes sure he keeps his appointments. She spends a lot of time answering the phone
and fielding telephone calls!
on his behalf. When her boss has to travel, she makes the
reservations for him. When her boss has to give a presentation, she makes all the preparations
that are required, including making photocopies of any papers that he needs. She arranges
meetings for him and she takes the minutes?
at the meetings. Bella is a very well-organised
person. She keeps a record of everything she does at work and sets herself targets. She does
her best to achieve her goals. Every morning she makes a list of everything she needs to do.
Today the first thing on her list is Hand in my notice?3! But she’s not going to take early retirement. She’s got a new job where she will be the boss and will have her own PA.
take charge of
goes wrong
makes appointments
keeps his appointments
fielding telephone calls(dealing with all the calls she can handle herself and only putting the most urgent ones through
to her boss)
makes the reservations
give a presentation
make the preparations
making photocopies
arranges meetings
takes the minutes(keeps the official record of a meeting)
keeps a record
set targets
achieve her goals
makes a list
hand in my notice(resign, inform her boss she’s planning to stop working for him)
take early retirement

Answer 393

A

Kika started out in a dead-end job in a jam factory but she ended up with a glittering career
on the stage, a career spanning five decades. She is quoted as saying ‘Stage acting may not be
a particularly lucrative job but it has to be one of the most rewarding jobs in the world.’
dead-end job :A dead-end job is a job where there is little or no chance of career development and advancement into a better position.
glittering career
career spanning
lucrative job(job which you can earn a lot of money)
rewarding job (the job which is worthy)

Answer 394

A

In 1998, Lucas Georgescu published the
results of his groundbreaking research
on genetics. His latest paper also makes a significant contribution to the field. He
sets out some powerful arguments
which will shape our thinking for years
to come.
groundbreaking research
makes a significant contribution
sets out
pwerful arguments
shape(influence) our thinking

Answer 395

A

In this latest book, Marina Kass gives an
account of Karl Marx’ philosophy and
provides evidence to support the claim
that Garpov seriously misinterpreted Marx.
In addition, the book offers a concise?
summary of the present state of Marxist
philosophy.
gives an account of (interestingly describe)
provides evidence
support the claim
concise summary(short and clear)

Answer 396

A

Partridge strenuously defends her theory, which has come under attack recently in several journals.
She argues that the Prime Minister played a central role in the political crisis of 1811, and goes into great
detail to support her argument.
strenuosly defneds
come under attack(has been attacked)
played a central role
goes into great detail

Answer 397

A

Nathan Peel attempts to establish a
connection between mobile phone use
and physical damage to users’ brains, but he does not offer irrefutable proof and the statistics do not show any significant trends.
establish a connection
irrefutable proof
significant trends

Answer 398

A

The invention of the steam engine was the key factor in the birth of the industrial revolution.
The events of 1954 are a perfect example of how political leaders make misjudgments that have
serious long-term effects.
This is a clear illustration of the importance of a strong monetary policy.
key factor
perfect example
clear illustration(or clearly illustrates the need for sth)

Answer 399

A

The figures offer a tentative explanation of the causes of acid rain pollution. [an explanation given by
someone who is not totally certain that it is the correct explanation
The statistics broadly support the view that the economy is heading towards recession.
tentative explanation
broadly support

Answer 400

A

There is a strong tendency in the work of some linguists to suggest that spoken language is inferior to written language.
We must first gather evidence, then carry out a detailed study of all the factors that play a part in social conditioning.
You cannot expect your claim to be accepted if you cannot offer supporting evidence.
Simon Hart challenges the theory of social change put forward by Professor Kemp.
It is important in academic writing always to acknowledge your sources. If you fail to do this, you
will commit plagiarism. {use another person’s idea or a part of their work and pretend that it is your own]
strong tendecy
gather evidence
carry out a study
play a part
supporting evidence
challenges the theory
acknowledge your sources(always make it clear where it gots its information)
commit plagiarism

Answer 401

A

Adverbs in English fall into two main
categories: those ending in -ly (e.g. softly)
and those with other endings (e.g. well).

fall into … categories

Answer 402

A

In this chapter, I draw a distinction
between societies where democracy has
developed slowly and those where it came
about quickly or suddenly.

draw a distinction between
تمایز قائل شدن

Answer 403

A

But we also need to take into
consideration the economic history
of Latin America as a whole.

take into comsideration(to considerate it)

Answer 404

A

Later, I shall make reference to the
work of Georgi Perelmutter, a leading
figure in the field of zoology.

make reference (I’ll notice that)

Answer 405

A

Chapter 3 raises important questions
about the need for transport planning in
rapidly growing urban environments. It also
touches on issues such as pollytion.

raises questions ( bring up questions)
touches on issues ( it goes to talk about a matter)

Answer 406

A

This chapter makes a case for
re-examining the assassination of President Kennedy in the light of
evidence which has emerged since 1963.

makes a case for

Answer 407

A

استدلال های تقویت کننده

Answer 408

A

Many studies have attempted to assess the significance of diet in the
prevention of cancer.

assess the significance ( try to calculate sth)

Answer 409

A

Wastov lays emphasis on examining the vital first three years of a child’s
development.

lays emphasis on ( emphasis on sth)

Answer 410

A

Some economists hold firmly to
the belief that a certain level of unemployment is inevitable.

hold firmly to (steongly)

Answer 411

A

The book The Eye of the Universe draws an analogy between the birth of the universe and a lottery.
It also draws parallels between the formation of new stars and the birth and death of flowers. It presents the case for a complete rethinking of how we understand space. The author, Patrick Rivaux, puts forward the argument that the universe is as it is because we humans are here looking at it.
The author takes up / adopts the position that the universe cannot have any beginning or end, and
states his opinion that we can never understand the universe using the human ideas of time and space.
He argues convincingly that the universe has a unique nature.
He draws attention to new research which suggests that other universes may also exist alongside ours. He briefly summarises the views of leading physicists and mathematicians, disagrees profoundly with some of them and draws the conclusion that science alone cannot solve the mystery of the universe.
draws an analogy :makes a comparison between things which have similar features, to help explain an idea»
draws parallels : says that something is very similar to something else
presents the case for
puts forward the argument
takes up/ adopts the position
states someone opinion
argues convincingly : argues in a way that makes people believe that something is true or right
draws attention to
briefly summarises : expresses the most important ideas in a short and clear form
disagrees profoundly : disagrees very strongly or in an extreme way
draws the conclusion

Answer 412

A

Adverbs in English fall into two main
categories: those ending in -ly (e.g. softly)
and those with other endings (e.g. well).

fall into - categories

Answer 413

A

In this chapter, I draw a distinction
between societies where democracy has
developed slowly and those where it came
about quickly or suddenly.

draw a distinction between

Answer 414

A

But we also need to take into
consideration the economic history
of Latin America as a whole.

take into consideration

Answer 415

A

Later, I shall make reference to the
work of Georgi Perelmutter, a leading
figure in the field of zoology.

make reference

Answer 416

A

Chapter 3 raises important questions
about the need for transport planning in
rapidly growing urban environments. It also
touches on issues such as pollution.

raises questions
touches on issues

Answer 417

A

This chapter makes a case for re-examining the assassination of President Kennedy in the light of evidence which has emerged since 1963

makes a case for

Answer 418

A

Many studies have attempted to assess the significance of diet in the prevention of cancer.

assess the significance

Answer 419

A

Wastov lays emphasis on examining the vital first three years of a child’s development.

lays emphasis on

Answer 420

A

These statistics lend support to the view
that attitudes to the environment are
changing fundamentally.

lend support to

Answer 421

A

Some economists hold firmly to the belief that a certain level of unemployment is inevitable.

hold firmly to

Answer 422

A

The book The Eye of the Universe draws an analogy between the birth of the universe and a lottery.
It also draws parallels? between the formation of new stars and the birth and death of flowers. It
presents the case for a complete rethinking of how we understand space. The author, Patrick Rivaux,
puts forward the argument that the universe is as it is because we humans are here looking at it.
The author takes up / adopts the position that the universe cannot have any beginning or end, and
states his opinion that we can never understand the universe using the human ideas of time and
space. He argues convincingly that the universe has a unique nature. He draws attention to new
research which suggests that other universes may also exist alongside ours. He briefly summarises*
the views of leading physicists and mathematicians, disagrees profoundly’ with some of them and
draws the conclusion that science alone cannot solve the mystery of the universe.
draws an analogy : makes a comparison between things which have similar features, to help explain an idea
draws parallels : says that something is very similar to something else
presents the case for
puts forward the argument
takes up/ adopts the position
states opinion
argues convincingly : argues in a way that makes people believe that something is true or right
draws attention to
research suggests
briefly summarises : expresses the most important ideas in a short and clear form
disagrees profoundly : disagrees very strongly or in an extreme way
draws the conclusion

Answer 423

A

obey/observe
pass
uphold/enforce
act within
repect
introduce
break

Answer 424

A

We must all observe the law at all times. (formal]
People who refuse to obey the law should be punished. (less formal]
A new law has been introduced/passed forbidding the use of mobile phones while driving.
The company acted within the law as regards the rights of its employees. [formal)
It is the job of the police to uphold/enforce the law. [make sure that people obey the law]

Answer 425

A

The new law forbids/prohibits smoking in all public places. [the law does not allow]
The rules permit/allow members to bring guests into the club only at weekends.
These rules/regulations apply to all students, not just new ones. [the rules are for]
If we follow the rules, at least 20 people must be present at the meeting. [do what the rules say]
The regulations require/stipulate that all students must register for the course. [formal: the rules say that]
We have to comply with the regulations concerning the testing of equipment. [formal: do what the
rules say]
I hope we can bend the rules and let her take the exam on another day. (informal: break the rules in a
way that is not considered important

law forbids/prohibits
rules permit/allow
rules/regulations apply to
follow the rules
regulations require/stipulate
comply with the regulations
bend the rules

Answer 426

A

Police are carrying out an investigation into a major theft in a factory in
Woodvale.

carrying out an investigation

Answer 427

A

The trial starts today but the witnesses will be appearing in court tomorrow.

appearing in court

Answer 428

A

George Arthur Lode, accused of murdering his wife, went on trial today.

went on trial

Answer 429

A

The jury are expected to take several days to reach a verdict.

reach a verdict

Answer 430

A

It now seems impossible that Harold Graves can receive a fair trial, given the
media publicity surrounding his case.

a fair trial

Answer 431

A

That judge believes that all shoplifters should be severely punished.

be severely punished

Answer 432

A

People who park on double yellow lines face a heavy fine.

face a heavy fine

Answer 433

A

If he is found guilty of murder, he will have to face the death penalty.

Answer 434

A

People often support the death penalty because they say it acts as a deterrent.

Answer 435

A

Anyone who commits a crime has to suffer the consequences.

Answer 436

A

Some judges are more likely to give harsh sentences than others.

Answer 437

A

After a hard legal battle, she won compensation for the accident.

Answer 438

A

You will need a very good lawyer if you are going to have any hope of
winning your case

Answer 439

A

The Judge, Mr Newell, said that Hickey was a hardened criminal’ who had
committed 12 serious offences. He
ordered that Hickey should serve a
sentence of at least 15 years in prison.

hardended criminials : someone who has committed a lot of crimes
committed offences
serve a sentence of

Answer 440

A

The Justice Minister said that the men
were not political prisoners but were
common criminals who had committed
acts of terrorism.

political prisoners
common criminals: low class criminal, negative term
acts of terrorism

Answer 441

A

The lawyer for the prosecution, Mr Arthur Larchwood, stated that Henry Banks was already a convicted criminal when he was appointed chairman of the company but that nobody knew this fact. He had a conviction for robbery dating back to 1996.

convicted criminal : someone declared officially in a court of law to be guilty of a crime

Answer 442

A

The judge said it was vital that anyone
with a criminal record should not be
able to get a job where large sums of
money were placed in their care. Charles
Amworth, 26, had served two years in a
prison for young offenders ten years
ago before working for the bank.

criminal record : list kept by the police of someone’s previous crimes
young offenders

Answer 443

A

“In the fight against crime we will not just target serious crime, but all crime, including street crime and vehicle crime, so that the streets will be safer for everyone.”
the fight against - target serious crime - street crime - vehicle crime
“If someone breaks into your house, steals your car, or robs you in the street, then of course you feel society has let you down. That’s why we’re determined to tackle crime.”
breaks into your house-steals your car-robs you-tackle crime
“We are doing everything in our power to combat crime. The crime rate has come down, and that is because we have put 10,000 more police officers on the streets and focused on juvenile crime’, because that is where the problem begins.”
combat crime-crime rate
juvenile crime: crime relating to young persons not yet old enough to be considered adults
“This government is doing very little to fight crime. We have all had some experience of the recent crime wave in our cities, whether it is petty crime or more serious offences.”
crime wave
petty crime: crime not considered serious when compared with some other crimes
“The crime figures are the worst since 1995. We have had a spate’ of burglaries in this part of the city, vehicle theft, drug abuse and so on, and police have reported a staggering increase in the number of acts of mindless vandalism. it is time the party in power did something.”
crime figures
spate of burglaries
spate: large number of events, especially unwanted ones, happening at about the same time
vehicle theft - drug abuse - staggering increase - mindless vandalism

Answer 444

A

a (news) story breaks
The singer was out of the country when the story about his wife broke.
news comes in
TV newscaster: News has just come in of an earthquake.
news leaks out
Although the two stars tried to keep their relationship secret, news of it
soon leaked out.
hit the headlines
The scandal is expected to hit the headlines tomorrow.
make headlines
A dramatic story like that will make headlines world-wide.
front-page headline
The scandal was the front-page headline in all the newspapers.
the latest news
The latest news from the earthquake zone is more hopeful.
be headline/front-page news
Any story about the Royal Family will be headline/front-page news in Britain.
item of news
The main item of news today is the earthquake in Broskva City.
run a story[publish a story]
The Daily Times recently ran a story about an affair between a famous rock
star and a politician.
flick through the newspaper
He flicked through the newspaper as he didn’t have time to read it properly.

Answer 445

A

MINISTER GIVES THE GO-AHEAD TO PLANS
In a surprising turn of events last night, the government agreed to plans for the development of the City. Interested parties’ will hold talks throughout the week.

turn of events
interested parties : peaple or groups who have a connection with a particular situation, event, etc
hold talks

Answer 446

A

ANTI-SMOKING CAMPAIGN
The Minister for Health today
outlined plans for a national
anti-smoking campaign. The
government intends to launch the
campaign in the new year.

launch the campaign

Answer 447

A

TOURIST TAKEN CAPTIVE
A tourist was taken hostage when rebel
troops seized control of St Pips Airport
last night. The government has lost
control of the area. Our reporter in St
Pips is keeping a close watch on the
situation and we shall be keeping you
informed as the news develops.

taken hostage
seized control
lost control of
keeping a close watch on
keeping you informed
news develops

Answer 448

A

MINISTER QUITS
The Arts Minister has resigned after only six months in the top job. He has attracted attention over his controversial decision to re-introduce charges for museum entry.

top job
attracted attention
controversial decision

Answer 449

A

PEACE TALKS END IN FAILURE
Peace talks between the Eastern
liberation Army and the government of
Karavia broke down last night. Civil war
is now likely.

broke down

Answer 450

A

LIGHTNING STRIKES
A building caught fire when lightning
struck a farm in Hampshire yesterday.
Fortunately there was no loss of life

caught fire
lightning struck
no loss of life

Answer 451

A

waste/aquander money (on)

spend money in a bad way
squander is stronger and is only used about large sums of money

Answer 452

A

change money
exchange one currency for another,
dollars or euros

Answer 453

A

throw money around
spend money in an abvious and careless way on unneccessary things

Answer 454

A

throw money at
spend a lot of money, possibly more than necessary, trying to solve the problem

Answer 455

A

donate money (to)
give money to help society in some way

Answer 456

A

Many collocations including the word price are connected with height.
Prices can be high or low.
If they are very low, they may be called (usually by advertisers) rock-bottom prices.
Prices may increase, prices go up and prices rise. If they go up very fast we say that prices soar.
Occasionally prices go down. If you say that something is reasonably priced, you think it is neither too cheap nor too expensive.
Calling something a ridiculous price may mean it is much too cheap or much
too expensive.

Answer 457

A

Henry and his brother grew up in a family where money was always tight(there wasn’t much money)
Henry hoped that when
he was grown-up, money would be never be in short supply for him.
Henry’s brother only wanted
a steady income but Henry wasn’t interested in just earning a good salary, he wanted to make big money (informal: a lot of money), to be seriously rich.(informal: very rich)
He started making money at school when he sold the sandwiches his
mother had made him to other children. He also worked in his school holidays to earn money.
He put this money in a bank account and hardly ever made a withdrawal (took money out of the bank) from it.
When he left school,
he raised enough money through the bank to buy his first shop. He got a really good deal (informal: got a bargain) because he found a shop that was going cheap (informal: selling for a low price) By the time he was twenty he had already made a small fortune (made a large amount of money) though, of course, most of his money was tied up (not available for spending because
it was needed for his business) in his business.

Answer 458

A

When war broke out (suddenly started) my grandfather joined the army .
War was declared on his 25th
birthday. He didn’t want to go to war but he had no choice. The government were sending troops to the south, where they expected fierce fighting . At first there were just minor incidents but soon it developed into all-out war(a complete/total war). My grandfather has told me how terrified he was the first time he came within firing range (the distance within which the enemy could hit him by firing their guns) of the enemy. They saw him and opened fire (started shooting)but he was able to escape. A couple of his friends, though, were killed or taken prisoner. After several months, our army went into action in the first decisive battle of the war. The battle raged (the battle was very violent) for several days.
My grandfather said he hated
being involved in fighting the war and that the only armies we should have should be peacekeeping forces. He can never forget the horrors of war, and he believes that we must do everything we can to avert (prevent something bad from happenin) war in the future. I agree.

Answer 459

A

bring about peace
It will be no easy task to bring about peace in the area.
negotiate a peace agreement
It can be useful to invite a neutral country to help negotiate a peace agreement.
call a truce/ceasefire
Although a ceasefire has been called for the duration of the peace
negotiations, hopes of its success are not high.
sign a (peace) treaty
At the end of the war, all the countries involved signed a peace treaty in Paris.
lasting peace
Hopes for a lasting peace are, unfortunately, fading fast.
peace activist
Peace activists around the world staged a series of massive demonstrations
against the war.
keep the peace
After the war was over, UN troops were sent into the troubled area to help
keep the peace there.
restore order
Soldiers were sent in to restore order after the uprising.

Answer 460

A

The police fought a running battle with football hooligans in the town centre.
The people of the village put up a heroic fight against the construction of the new motorway, but
finally lost the battle.
The bank robbers didn’t offer any resistance when the police surrounded them.
The President is fighting for his life tonight in the City hospital after a major operation.

Answer 461

A

Your article on climate change was
excellent. Rising sea levels and the increase in greenhouse gases are the result of our actions.
We are disturbing the ecological
balance everywhere, as can be seen in the decrease in fish stocks(the number of fish) in the oceans.

Answer 462

A

It is clear that we must tackle pollution
before it is too late. Exhaust fumes
from millions of vehicles and the burning of fossil fuels are causing irreparable(which can not be repaired,also irreversible) damage to
our environment.

Answer 463

A

We must accept that we have seriously depleted(reduced sth in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money,etc)
the ozone layer in the last few decades by our selfish actions. Embracing
green politics may be our best hope in the long term, but we need
urgent short-term measures too.

Answer 464

A

Crops fail year after year in some of the
poorest parts of the world. This has brought devastating(causing a lot of damage or destruction) famines to some regions and equally devastating floods to others. We call these natural disasters, but it is human beings who are causing them.

Answer 465

A

Interviewer:
Mr Delrio, do you believe we can solve the problem of world poverty?
Delrio: I am more optimistic now than before. Millions of people have succeeded in escaping poverty in the last decade, but it is also true that in some regions, more people than ever are living below the poverty line, and we must help these people to
lift them out of poverty.
Interviewer: But how can we achieve that?
Delrio: I accept that there is no
simple solution. The widening gulf(an important difference between the ideas, opinions, or situations of two groups of peaple) between rich and poor in
some countries is often due to external forces beyond their control. Some of the most deprived regions have large populations living on the
margins of society, and it is for
these specific groups that we can do most.
Interviewer: But poverty is not just an issue for developing countries, is it? We have thousands sleeping rough(in the open, without shelter) every night in cities like London and New York, and street children in a lot of big cities around the world.
Delrio: I agree, and I accept that children and adults who live on the streets are in
desperate need, and that these social conditions breed crime. But so much depends on the global economy. Right now, we have a golden opportunity to combat poverty.
Perhaps we cannot eradicate(get rid of completely) poverty altogether, but we can certainly alleviate(make less serious)
poverty, and that is our challenge.

Answer 466

A

Thousands of people seek
political asylum(refugee) in other countries every year. Most are
genuine asylum seekers, but some are economic migrants looking for a better life.
Hundreds of people took to the streets to demonstrate about third-world debt repayments.
A terrible earthquake hit the region last year. The death toll(number of deaths) was massive.
The sexual exploitation of children is a world-wide problem, as is child labour.

Answer 467

A

bang/dead/right on time
the first two are very informal

the train left bang/dead/right on time

Answer 468

A

take your time

No need to hurry- you can take your time

Answer 469

A

kill time
we got the airport very early, so we had a meal in the restaurant to kill (some) time.

to fill in the time while you are waiting to do sth you have planned

Answer 470

A

make time for

the dr’s very busy but he’ll try to make time for you

Answer 471

A

We had a good/great time at the party. [NOT spent a great time]
Lena had the time of her life in Brazil.
Your attitude to work may change a bit as time goes by / as time passes.
I couldn’t finish the exam because I ran out of time.
You’ll be sorry big time for speaking to me like that! [informal: extremely]

Answer 472

A

The past few weeks have been really difficult for Tina’s two grown-up children. They’re both at university writing dissertations. Her son’s is on early 21st century fiction while her daughter’s is
about life in prehistoric times - she’s not interested in the recent past at all. They are both working very hard.
They are nearly finished but there are lots of last-minute things left to do. They set their alarms for five o’clock and get up as soon as the alarm goes off.
They work from dawn till dusk(all day)
and indeed sometimes they stay up until the small hours(2,3,4 am).
Tina can’t wait until they stop working
such ungodly hours(unreasonably late or early hours).
It’s taking them ages to complete their work but Tina is sure it will eventually
all be worth their while(worth the time spent). She is sure they both have a
great future ahead of them. She thinks they will both get good academic jobs
in the not too distant future. Of course, no one can know what the future holds, but I hope she is right.

Answer 473

A

We talk about low prices, low wages, low levels. (NOT smatt)
We say small quantities, small numbers, small amounts, a small increase. (NOT little)
The opposite is large quantities, large numbers, large amounts, a large increase.
Similarly, we talk about problems or objects being on a large scale or on a small scale:
If you are walking in the mountains you need a large scale map.
The UK has similar problems to the USA, but on a smaller scale.
In informal spoken English we often use little after another adjective to make it sound more
friendly, e.g. poor little Joe, dear little dog, nice little room.
Little can also mean young, e.g. little brother (informal: younger brother, NOT smatt brother;
the opposite is big brother]. Sometimes little or small suggests that something is not very
important, e.g. a little problem, I’ve got a lot of little things to do, to make someone look
small, to make small talk (talk socially, about unimportant subjects].

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