Sentence structure, lexicalisation and phonological encoding

Question 1

Why does the idea that we store motor movement plan not make sense

Answer 1

if we store motor movement plans (articulation movements) exactly as they are then we would struggle to learn any new words and these would not be broken down by sound or be able to recognise the composition. We know from picture-picture interference tasks that there is a form of overlap in representation.

Question 2

Evidence of an Assembly process in phonological encoding.

Answer 2

Speech errors show we get the assembly wrong must be some form of assembly process. e.g. spoonerisms show a structured error suggesting segments (lexemes?)
Priming effect show that there does not have to be repetition for priming to occur but can have individual parts. These individual parts need to have a storage and representation that can speed up retrieval.

Question 3

Lexemes

Answer 3

Account for speech error patterns and include segmental, syllabic and metrical information.
Segment-to-frame association proposes that utterances are constructed by a mechanism that separates linguistic content from linguistic structure. Linguistic content is retrieved from the mental lexicon and inserted into a linguistic structure or frame. Support from phonological speech errors which explains why errors follow syllabic positions.

Question 4

Priming phonological syllables

Answer 4

re-syllabification: should be able to prime a segment of syllables. Tried using match syllables and mismatched syllables however this was not found. Levelt suggested an alternative which argues lexemes are only stored in ordered segments which we assemble into syllables

Question 5

Prosodification

Answer 5

process by which segments are assigned to syllables and syllable positions, Meyer tested this using preparation effect. This is when a speaker can begin to prepare a response if they have the first syllable but not the last. This suggest process is incremental.

Question 6

comprehension vs. production

Answer 6

comprehension is understanding unknown message from others and production is creating our own message

Question 7

Stages of language production

Answer 7

conceptualisation: what do we want to say
formulation: lexicalisation + syntactic planning + phonological encoding
Articulation: vocal cord movement (facilitated by phonological encoding).

Question 8

characterisation of speech errors

Answer 8

Dell (1986): types of speech errors
words that exchange with same syntactic features e.g. noun swap with noun. Follow SCC (syntactic category constraint)
stranding errors: break SCC implies a two stage process 1 for lexical and 1 for phonological.

Question 9

Lemma theory Levelt 1989

Answer 9

amodel, abstract, lexical representation which encodes semantic and syntactic