Auditiory word recognition

Question 1

Theoretical problem

Answer 1

Assimilation: phoneme pronunciation is affected by acoustic properties of neighbouring phoneme due to co-articulation (next letter effects sound of first letter)

Question 2

Speech segmentation

Answer 2

Possible word constraints (Norris et al. 1997): no syllable is left unattached
Metrical segmentation strategy (Cultler, 1992): stress-based segmentation. In English stress put on the first vowel

Question 3

Phoneme perception: categorical percetion

Answer 3

categorical perception: classify speech sounds as one thing or another i.e. Liberman found if people heard a continuum of ba/da/ga/ then participants would put each sound into distinct categories.
WHY? VOT- voiced onset time

Question 4

McGurk effect

Answer 4

Brain sees da, hear ba, lip read ga: multimodal perception = phoneme perception influence

Question 5

Is information related to the word accessed before a phoneme within a word is identified?

Answer 5

Foss & Blank: dual-code model of phoneme perception: speech processing employs both pre-lexical (bottom-up) and post-lexical (top-down).

Question 6

Pre-lexical code

Answer 6

Foss & Blank: phoneme monitoring task: code directly input from perceptual analysis of auditory information and used if task is easy (1 word) or nonword. Phoneme monitoring time was the same for both words and non words therefore must be phonetic code not phonological code. Frequency of word also had no effect on time to identify target phoneme.

Question 7

Post-lexical code

Answer 7

derived from information provided by higher level units. Used when task is more difficult i.e. processing sentence and this is a top-down processing that uses semantic context. Word predictability sped up response to target phoneme.

Question 8

Do phonemes have to be identified before the spoken word is recognised. (phoneme mediation)

Answer 8

Marslen-Wilson & Warren, 1994: Phoneme classification does not have to be identified before lexical activation begins. Non word ‘smob’ is harder to reject as a non word when derived from a word ‘smog’ than when made from another non word ‘smod’ because phoneme categorisation had not been complete for non word but has for word creating co-articulation information to interfere.

Question 9

Phoneme restoration: does context have an effect in auditory word recognition?

Answer 9

Warren (1970): lexical identification task: participants were presented with sentences with missing phonemes and found that participants could not detect the missing phoneme suggesting that listeners use semantic and syntactic information beyond individual phonemes. Effect was found even if more than one phoneme was missing

Question 10

model of auditory word recognition

Answer 10

cohort model: Marslen- Wilson