Sentence Structure Flashcards
English:
Determiner - Adjective - Noun
The red apple.
Spanish:
Determiner - Noun - Adjective
La manzana roja.
English:
Subject - Verb - Pronoun
Thing 👉🏽 Action 👉🏽 Someone
I met them.
Spanish:
Pronoun - Verb
Someone 👉🏽 Action
Los conozco
Where are the keys?
I have them.
Dónde está las llaves?
Las tengo.
Do you know if you have the money?
Yes, I have it.
Sabes si tienes el dinero?
Sí, lo tengo.
English:
Can you help me?
Spanish:
¿Me puedes ayudar?
To know (familiar) / Meet up
Conjugation
Conocer 🧠
Yo Conozco
Tu Conoces
Él/Ella/Usted Conoce
Nosotros Conocemos
Ellos/Ustedes Conocen
To know (factual) conjugation:
Saber 🧠
Yo Sé
Tu Sabes
Él/Ella/Usted Sabe
Nosotros Sabemos
Ellos/Ustedes Saben
English:
Subject - Verb - Pronoun
Thing 👉🏽 Action 👉🏽 Someone
My right hand hurts.
More fitted translation👇🏽
The right hand hurts me.
Spanish:
Pronoun - Verb - Subject
Someone 👉🏽 Action 👉🏽 Thing
Me duele el mano derecho
English:
Subject 👉🏽 Verb 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO) 👉🏽 Pronoun (IDO)
I gave it to him
More fitted translation 👇🏽
[To him] [it] [I gave].
Spanish:
Pronoun (IDO) 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO) 👉🏽 Verb
[Se] [lo] [di]
English:
Subject 👉🏽 Verb 👉🏽 Pronoun
I like the mountains.
More fitted translation 👇🏽
The mountains please me.
Spanish:
Pronoun 👉🏽 Verb 👉🏽 Subject
Me gustan las montañas 🏔️
English:
Effecting 👉🏽 Effect 👉🏽 Effected
[The mountains] [please] [Juan].
Spanish:
Effected 👉🏽 Effect 👉🏽 Effecting
[A Juan le] [gustan] [las montañas].
English:
Effecter 👉🏽 Effecting 👉🏽 Effected
I am interested in your opinion
More fitted translation 👇🏽
[Your opinion] [interests] [me]
Spanish:
Effected 👉🏽 Effecting 👉🏽 Effecter
[Me] [interesa] [tu opinión]
English:
What do you think
More fitted translation 👇🏽
What does it seem to you
Spanish:
¿Que te parece?
English:
Seems good to me.
Spanish:
Me parece bien.
English:
It seems like a good idea to Juan.
Spanish:
A Juan le parace una buena idea.
In regarding to
En cuanto a
Unlike
A diferencia de
Judging by
A juzgar por
Judging by
A juzgar por
For (intended for)
They put up the fence for (intended for) the rabbits.
For (because)
They put up the rabbits for (because of) the rabbits.
Pusieron esta valla para los conejos. 🐰
Pusieron esta valla por los conejos. 🐰
j
j
To give (preterite tense)
I
You
He/She/Usted
We
They
Dar
Di
Diste
Dio
Dimos
Dieron
I gave the book to Maria.
More fitted translation:
It (the book) I gave to maria
Le di el libro a María.
English:
Did you give me the book?
More fitted translation 👇🏽
Subject[You] 👉🏽 Verb [give] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO) [Me]
You give the book to me?
Spanish:
Pronoun (DO) [Me] 👉🏽 Verb[Diste]
Me diste el libro.
English:
Subject[I] 👉🏽 Verb [Gave] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO) [You]
Yes, I gave you the book.
Spanish:
Pronoun (DO)[You] 👉🏽 Verb[Gave]
Sí, te di el libro.
English:
Subject [I] 👉🏽 Verb [gave] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO)[It] 👉🏽 Pronoun (IDO)[Him]
I gave it to him.
Spanish:
Pronoun (IDO)[Le] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO)[Lo] 👉🏽 Verb [Di]
Le lo di.
Less convoluted way 👇🏽
Se lo di.
English:
Subject [I] 👉🏽 Verb [gave] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO)[It] 👉🏽 Pronoun (IDO)[Juan]
I gave it to Juan.
Spanish:
Pronoun (IDO)[Le] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO)[Lo] 👉🏽 Verb [Di]
Le lo di a Juan.
Less convoluted way 👇🏽
Se lo di a Juan.
English:
- Did you give Maria the letter?
More fitted translation 👇🏽
Subject [You] 👉🏽 Verb [Gave] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO)[Her]
You gave the letter to Maria?
- I gave it to her
Subject [I] 👉🏽 Verb [Gave] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO)[It] 👉🏽 Pronoun (IDO)[Her]
Spanish:
1. Pronoun (DO)[Le] 👉🏽 Verb [diste]
Le diste la carta a María?
- Pronoun (IDO)[Le] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO)[La] 👉🏽 Verb [Di]
Le la di.
Less convoluted 👇🏽
Se la di.
Present Continuous - Verb + ing
ar- ando
hablar - hablando
ir + er - iendo
comer - comiendo
eer - yendo
leer - leyendo
Present Perfect - I had done
ar - ado
er + ir - ido
Present Perfect
Yo he
Tú has
El/Ella/Usted ha
Nosotros Hemos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Han
Preterite Tense - ar
ar
Yo - é
Tu - aste
Él/Ella/Usted - ó
Nosotros - amos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes - aron
PS: Do you want me to pay the check?
Quieres que pague la cuenta?
PS + P(DO):
Do you want me to take you to the office?
More fitted translation 👇🏽
Subject [me] 👉🏽 Verb [to take] 👉🏽 Pronoun (DO)[you]
( You want ) me to take you to the office?
Pronoun (DO) 👉🏽 Verb (Lleve)
( Quieres ) te lleve a la oficina?
PS:
Do you want me to help to set the table?
Quieres que te ayude a poner a la mesa
PS: Do you want me to tell Dan we can’t go to his party?
Decir 👉🏽 Digo 👉🏽 Diga
¿Quieres que le diga a Dan que no podemos ir a la su fiesta?
PS: I want you to take out the trash before Maria arrives.
Quiero que saques la basura antes de que llegue María.
PS: I give flowers to my wife so that she knows i love her.
Le regalo a mi mujer para que sepa que la quiero.
PS: I hope to there is not a lot of traffic
Ojalá que no haya mucho tráfico.
PS: I want a house that faces the park
Dar a - Dé a
Quiero una casa que dé al parque.
Pretérito vs Imperfect
Preterite: Events that have started and finished in the past.
Imperfect: Events that used to go on for a period of time.
Preterite: ar verbs conjugation
Yo é
Tu aste
El/Ella/Usted ó
Nosotros amos
Ellos/Ustedes aron
Preterite: er + ir verbs conjugation
Yo í
Tu iste
El/Ella/Usted ió
Nosotros imos
Ellos/Ustedes ieron
English:
What i want to do
Better translation 👇🏽
(it) that i want to do
Spanish:
Lo que quiero hacer
I don’t understand what Juan wants.
No entiendo lo que quiere Juan.
What i meant is that i don’t want to go to the beach.
Lo que quiero decir es que no quiero ir a la playa.
Do you know…what Maria said to Juan?
Subject 👉🏽 Verb 👉🏽 Indirect object
More fitted translation 👇🏽
…Direct pronoun (it) 👉🏽 Subject (Maria) 👉🏽 Verb (Said) 👉🏽 Indirect pronoun (Juan)
Do you know… (it) what Maria (him) said to Juan
Tú sabes… Direct pronoun (Lo) 👉🏽 Subject (Maria) 👉🏽 Indirect pronoun (le) 👉🏽 verb (dijo)
Tú sabes… lo que María le dijo a Juan.
Imperfect Subjunctive
Conjugations
ar + er + ir =
ra/se
ras/ses
ra/se
ramos/semos
ran/sen
IPS: I was going to send her a check so she could pay her rent.
Iba a enviarle un cheque para que pudiera pagar el alquiler.
Conditional: I would (infinitive)
conjugation
ía
ías
ía
íamos
ían
Spanish:
Subject (Mujer) 👉🏽 PronounDo 👉🏽 Verb 👉🏽(trabajaba)
La mujer con la que trabajaba…se mudó.
The men you complained about yesterday just arrived.
Los hombres de los que te quejaste ayer acaban de llegar.
Verb (going) 👉🏽 Pronoun Do
The conference that we are going to is one of the best.
Pronoun(a la) 👉🏽 Verb (vamos)
La conferencia a la que vamos es una de las mejores.
Verb (don’t like) 👉🏽 Subject(the man) 👉🏽 Pronoun(married with)
I don’t like the man that my sister married.
1.Para que
2.Así que
1.Shows the purpose of the action in the first clause. “So that” the thing in the second clause occur or not.
- Shows the result of the action in the first clause.
Estar + continuous
Estar + continuous
It never occurred to Juan to wake up at 6 in order to avoid the traffic.
A Juan nunca se le ocurrío levantarse a las 6 para evitar el tráfico.
Three possibilities occurred to me.
Se me ocurrieron tres posibilidades.
They spend more than they earn.
Ellos gastan más de lo que ganan.
Stressed possessive adjectives
Mío
Tuyo/a
Suyo/a
Nuestro/a
Suyo/a
Stressed possessive adjectives
Mío
Tuyo/a
Suyo/a
Nuestro/a
Suyo/a
Por: Movement, time and action for the past.
General Motion
Duration of an event
A reason for action
Object of a search
An exchange
Units of measurements
Idiomatic expressions
Para: Movement, time and action for the future.
Destinations
Deadlines
Purposes
Recipients
Comparisons
Employment
This beach is the prettiest in Cuba. It’s prettier than the beaches in my country.
Esta playa es la más bonita de Cuba. Es más bonita que las playas de mi país.
Affirmative Commands: Open the door please.
Abre la puerta por favor.
Affirmative Commands: Go to the school
Ve a la escuela.
Present Perfect: I believed
Creído
Present Perfect: John had not told me it.
John no me lo ha dicho.
Present Perfect: I have had a lot of friends.
Yo he tenido muchos amigos.
Past Perfect: I had (done)
Había
Habías
Había
Habíamos
Habían
Past Perfect: Before arriving to the school, I had already eaten.
Antes de llegar a la escuela, yo ya había comido.
Past Perfect: Before going to work, I had taken a shower.
Antes de ir al trabajo, me había duchado.
Preterite: I had to study.
Imperfect: I had a dog.
Past Perfect: I had eaten.
Present Perfect: I have eaten.
Tuve que estudiar.
Tenía un perro.
Yo había comido.
Yo he comido.
Pretérito + Imperfect: I was watching spongebob when the phone rang.
Yo veía Bob Esponja cuando el teléfono sonó.
PPS: It’s a shame that they haven’t given it to me.
Es una lástima que ellos no me lo hayan dado.
PPS: They are worried that you have seen them.
Ellos están preocupados de que tú los hayas visto.
PPS: They are worried that you have seen them.
Ellos están preocupados de que tú los hayas visto.
Pose 👉🏽
👉🏽 Poner
E-ER
Tener Querer 👉🏽
IE-ER
👉🏽 Tiene Quiere
Tenses
Present - What’s happening now (I’m speaking)
Preterite - Event occurring and ending in the past (I spoke)
Imperfect - Something that used to happen (I was speaking)
Present Perfect - What has been done (I had eaten)
Past Perfect - What has been done in the past (I had talked)
Present Subjunctive:
Present subjunctive - PRESENT DESIRE FOR HOW THE EVENT SHOULD HAPPEN. The questioning of how something should be that you wish/doubt or think to happen a certain way. Actions getting prepared for the future. The present desire for a situation to be a certain way that will happen. (I cleaned the house so that Juan would see it’s clean)
Present Subjunctive:
Present subjunctive - PRESENT DESIRE FOR HOW THE EVENT SHOULD HAPPEN. The questioning of how something should be that you wish/doubt or think to happen a certain way. Actions getting prepared for the future. The present desire for a situation to be a certain way that will happen. (I cleaned the house so that Juan would see it’s clean)
Past Subjunctive:
Past subjunctive - PAST DESIRE FOR HOW THE EVENT (in the past) SHOULD HAVE UNFOLDED INTO THE FUTURE. The questioning of how something should’ve been in the past so that a following action would occur. That you wished/doubted or thought should’ve happened. (I was going to send her a check so that she could pay her rent)
Present Perfect Subjunctive:
Present Perfect Subjunctive - PRESENT DESIRE OF HOW A PAST EVENT SHOULD HAVE OCCURRED. The questioning of how something should be that you wish/doubt or think should’ve happened. (I hope that you have slept well)
Past Perfect Subjunctive:
Past Perfect Subjunctive - PAST DESIRE FOR HOW A PAST EVENT SHOULD HAVE OCCURRED. The questioning of how something should’ve been in the past that has already happened in the past that you wished/doubted or thought should’ve happened. (I doubted that you had arrived).
Más/menos de lo que
vs
Más/menos que
Más de “lo” Menos de “lo”
——— ———
👇🏽
👆🏽
——— ———
La computadora cuesta menos de lo que piensas.
Ellos gastan más de lo que ganan.
Como más manzanas que Juan.
Yo corría menos que Juan.
Para vs Por
Para ——>
For the future
——>Por
Because of the past
