Sentence Correction Flashcards
1
Q
- A “calendar stick” carved centuries ago by the Winnebago tribe may provide the first evidence that the North American Indians have developed advanced full-year calendars basing them on systematic astronomical observation.
(A) that the North American Indians have developed advanced full-year calendars basing them
(B) of the North American Indians who have developed advanced full-year calendars and based them
(C) of the development of advanced full-year calendars by North American Indians, basing them
(D) of the North American Indians and their development of advanced full-year calendars based
(E) that the North American Indians developed advanced full-year calendars based
A
E
2
Q
- A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
A
A
3
Q
- A collection of 38 poems by Phillis Wheatley, a slave, was published in the 1770’s, the first book by a Black woman and it was only the second published by an American woman.
(A) it was only the second published by an American woman
(B) it was only the second that an American woman published
(C) the second one only published by an American woman
(D) the second one only that an American woman published
(E) only the second published by an American woman
A
E
4
Q
- A common disability in test pilots is hearing impairment, a consequence of sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time.
(A) a consequence of sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time
(B) a consequence from sitting for long periods of time too near to large jet engines
(C) a consequence which resulted from sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time
(D) damaged from sitting too near to large jet engines for long periods of time
(E) damaged because they sat too close to large jet engines for long periods of time
A
A
5
Q
- A controversial figure throughout most of his public life, the Black leader Marcus Garvey advocated that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that, to him, symbolized the possibility of freedom.
(A) that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that, to him, symbolized the possibility of freedom
(B) that some Blacks return to the African land symbolizing the possibility of freedom to him
(C) that some Blacks return to Africa which was the land which symbolized the possibility of freedom to him
(D) some Black’s returning to Africa which was the land that to him symbolized the possibility of freedom
(E) some Black’s return to the land symbolizing the possibility of freedom to him, Africa
A
A
6
Q
- A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and flames spreading more quickly.
(A) flames spreading
(B) flame spreads
(C) flames are caused to spread
(D) causing flames to spread
(E) causing spreading of the flames
A
D
7
Q
- A firm that specializes in the analysis of handwriting claims from a one-page writing sample that it can assess more than three hundred personality traits, including enthusiasm, imagination, and ambition.
(A) from a one-page writing sample that it can assess
(B) from a one-page writing sample it has the ability of assessing
(C) the ability, from a one-page writing sample, of assessing
(D) to be able, from a one-page writing sample, to assess
(E) being able to assess, from a one-page writing sample,
A
D
8
Q
- A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, believed to be the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.
(A) believed to be
(B) and that is believed to be
(C) and it is believed to have been
(D) which was, it is believed
(E) which is believed to be
A
C
9
Q
- A Labor Department study states that the numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.
(A) numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase
(B) numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five percent
(C) numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirty-five percent
(D) number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent
(E) number of women employed outside the home was raised by more than a thirty-five percent increase
A
D
10
Q
- A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago
A
C
11
Q
- A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were published, reveals that Twain provided financial assistance to one of the first Black students at Yale Law School.
(A) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were published,
(B) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,
(C) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published,
(D) Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year as he published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that
(E) Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that
A
C
12
Q
- A little under a million years ago, the briny waters of the Baltic Sea began flooding into the cold North Atlantic: geologists are still debating whether the flood was gradual or created a cataclysm.
(A) whether the flood was gradual or created a cataclysm
(B) if the flood was gradual or created a cataclysm
(C) about whether the flood was gradual or cataclysmic
(D) whether the flood was gradual or cataclysmic
(E) whether the flood was gradual or it created a cataclysm
A
D
13
Q
- A majority of the international journalists surveyed view nuclear power stations as unsafe at present but that they will, or could, be made sufficiently safe in the future.
(A) that they will, or could,
(B) that they would, or could,
(C) they will be or could
(D) think that they will be or could
(E) think the power stations would or could
A
D
IMO D is the best option.
We need the second verb think and then option D has the parallel verb forms think that they will be or could be made …..
14
Q
- A migraine typically afflicts one side of the head, lasts for hours or days, and may recur as infrequently as once every other month or often, as daily.
(A) as infrequently as once every other month or often, as
(B) as infrequently as once every other month or as often as
(C) infrequently, as often as once every other month, or often, like
(D) infrequently, like once every other month, or often, like
(E) infrequently, like once every other month, or as often as
A
B
15
Q
- A new phenomena, which is visible at Managua’s major intersections, are waves of vendors and beggars, which include many children and mob cars at the stoplights.
(A) A new phenomena, which is visible at Managua’s major intersections, are waves of vendors and beggars, which include many children and
(B) Visible at Managua’s major intersections are waves of vendors and beggars with many children, new phenomena that
(C) A new phenomenon visible at Managua’s major intersections is waves of vendors and beggars, many of them children, who
(D) Phenomenally new waves of vendors, beggars, and many children are visible at Managua’s major intersections, which
(E) A wave of vendors and beggars, many of whom are children, are visible at Managua’s major intersections, where they are a new phenomenon and
A
C
16
Q
- A number of linguists contend that all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world’s five billion people can be traced back to a common root language.
(A) that all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world’s five billion people can be traced
(B) that the world’s five billion people speak thousands of languages of which all can be traced
(C) the world’s five billion people speak thousands of languages which are all traceable
(D) all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world’s five billion people to be traceable
(E) the ability to trace all of the thousands of languages that are spoken by the world’s five billion people
A
A
17
Q
- A patient accusing a doctor of malpractice will find it difficult to prove damage if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify about proper medical procedures.
(A) if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify
(B) unless there will be another doctor to testify
(C) without another doctor’s testimony
(D) should there be no testimony from some other doctor
(E) lacking another doctor to testify
A
C
18
Q
- A peculiar feature of the embryonic mammalian circulatory system is that in the area of the heart the cells adhere to one another, beating in unison and adopting specialized orientations exclusive of one another.
(A) beating in unison and adopting
(B) they beat in unison while adopting
(C) beat in unison, and adopt
(D) beating in unison yet adopting
(E) even though they beat in unison and adopt
A
D
19
Q
- A President entering the final two years of a second term is likely to be at a severe disadvantage and is often unable to carry out a legislative program.
(A) likely to be at a severe disadvantage and is often unable to
(B) likely severely disadvantaged and often unable to
(C) liable to be severely disadvantaged and cannot often
(D) liable that he or she is at a severe disadvantage and cannot often
(E) at a severe disadvantage, often likely to be unable that he or she can
A
A
20
Q
- A prolific architect who worked from the turn of the century until the late 1950’s, Julia Morgan designed nearly 800 buildings in California, perhaps most notably William Randolph Hearst’s monumental estate at San Simeon.
(A) Julia Morgan designed nearly 800 buildings in California, perhaps most notably William Randolph Hearst’s monumental estate at San Simeon
(B) perhaps the most notable of the nearly 800 buildings in California designed by Julia Morgan was William Randolph Hearst’s monumental estate at San Simeon
(C) of the nearly 800 buildings in California designed by Julia Morgan, perhaps the most notable was William Randolph Hearst’s monumental estate at San Simeon
(D) nearly 800 buildings in California were designed by Julia Morgan, of which William Randolph Hearst’s monumental estate at San Simeon is perhaps the most notable
(E) William Randolph Hearst’s monumental estate at San Simeon is perhaps the most notable of the nearly 800 buildings in California designed by Julia Morgan
A
A
21
Q
- A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed.
(A) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are
(B) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one once their horns are
(C) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals’ horns have been
(D) if tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses once the animals’ horns are
(E) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one after the animals’ horns have been
A
C
22
Q
- A recent national study of the public schools shows that there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were four years ago.
(A) there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
(B) there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
(C) there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were
(D) every thirty-two pupils now have one microcomputer, four times as many than there were
(E) every thirty-two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as
A
C
23
Q
- A recent New York Times editorial criticized the city’s election board for, first of all, failing to replace outmoded voting machines prone to breakdowns, and secondarily, for their failure to investigate allegations of corruption involving board members.
(A) secondarily, for their failure to
(B) secondly, for their failure to
(C) secondly, that they failed and did not
(D) second, that they failed to
(E) second, for failing to
A
E
24
Q
- A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face
A
E
25
Q
- A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence supporting the theory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact that contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65 million years ago.
(A) supporting the theory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact that
(B) supporting the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact
(C) that supports the theory of global forest fires that were ignited by a meteorite impact and that
(D) in support of the theory that global forest fires were ignited by a meteorite impact and that
(E) of support for the theory of a meteorite impact that ignited global forest fires and
A
B
26
Q
- A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that even Theodore C. Sorensen, the White House counsel, did not know it existed.
(A) A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that
(B) So secret was a recording system installation and operation in the Kennedy Oval Office
(C) It was so secret that a recording system was installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office
(D) A recording system that was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office
(E) Installed and operated so secretly in the Kennedy Oval Office was a recording system that
A
A
27
Q
- A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.
(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come
A
E
28
Q
- A representative of the Women’s Bureau of the United States Department of Labor contends that employers who offer benefits which permit that employees can balance home and work responsibilities better, realizing gains in attendance, recruiting, and retention.
(A) which permit that employees can balance home and work responsibilities better, realizing
(B) which permit employees balancing home and work responsibilities better will realize
(C) that permit employees to balance the responsibilities of home and work better will realize
(D) that permit employees a better balance between the responsibilities of home and work, thus realizing
(E) such that employees are permitted a balance between home and work responsibilities, and they will realize
A
C
29
Q
- A shy, religious-minded publisher who had married a duke’s daughter, Harold Macmillan’s rise to the position of Prime Minister in 1957 surprised many, though Churchill had since the 1930s been extolling Macmillan’s courage.
(A) Harold Macmillan’s rise to the position of Prime Minister in 1957 surprised many
(B) Harold Macmillan’s rise in 1957 to the position of Prime Minister surprised many
(C) Harold Macmillan’s becoming Prime Minister in 1957 surprised many
(D) Harold Macmillan surprised many by rising to the position of Prime Minister in 1957
(E) the position of Prime Minister attained by Harold Macmillan in 1957 surprised many
A
D
30
Q
- A special Japanese green tea called genmai-cha contains brown rice and is considered as a delicacy fit for a gourmet by most Japanese, though it is virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.
(A) A special Japanese green tea called genmai-cha contains brown rice and is considered as a delicacy fit for a gourmet by most Japanese, though it is virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.
(B) Considered to be a delicacy fit for a gourmet by most Japanese, genmai-cha is a special green tea that contains brown rice, virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.
(C) A special Japanese green tea called genmai-cha contains brown rice and is considered a gourmet delicacy by most Japanese, though it is virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.
(D) Most Japanese consider genmai-cha, a special green tea which contains brown rice, as a delicacy virtually unavailable outside Yokohama.
(E) Though virtually unavailable outside Yokohama, most Japanese consider genmai-cha, a special green tea that contains brown rice, a gourmet delicacy.
A
C
31
Q
- A star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole after it passes through a red giant stage, depending on mass.
(A) A star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole after it passes through a red giant stage, depending on mass.
(B) After passing through a red giant stage, depending on its mass, a star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.
(C) After passing through a red giant stage, a star’s mass will determine if it compresses itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.
(D) Mass determines whether a star, after passing through the red giant stage, will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.
(E) The mass of a star, after passing through the red giant stage, will determine whether it compresses itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.
A
D
32
Q
- A study commissioned by the Department of Agriculture showed that if calves exercise and associated with other calves, they will require less medication and gain weight quicker than do those raised in confinement.
(A) associated with other calves, they will require less medication and gain weight quicker than do
(B) associated with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight quicker than
(C) associate with other calves, they required less medication and will gain weight quicker than do
(D) associate with other calves, they have required less medication and will gain weight more quickly than do
(E) associate with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight more quickly than
A
E
33
Q
- A substance derived from the Madagascar periwinkle, which has proved useful in decreasing mortality among young leukemia patients, is cultivated in China as part of a program to integrate traditional herbal medicine into a contemporary system of health care.
(A) A substance derived from the Madagascar periwinkle, which has proved useful in decreasing mortality among young leukemia patients,
(B) A derivative, which has proved useful in decreasing mortality among young leukemia patients, of the Madagascar periwinkle,
(C) A Madagascar periwinkle derivative, which has proved useful in decreasing mortality among young leukemia patients,
(D) The Madagascar periwinkle has a derivative which has proved useful in decreasing mortality among young leukemia patients, that
(E) The Madagascar periwinkle, a derivative of which has proved useful in decreasing mortality among young leukemia patients,
A
E
34
Q
- A wildlife expert predicts that the reintroduction of the caribou into northern Minnesota would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than one wolf for every 39 square miles.
(A) would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than
(B) would fail provided the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more than
(C) should fail if the timber wolf density in that region was greater than
(D) will fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is greater than
(E) will fail if the timber wolf density in that region were more numerous than
A
D
35
Q
- According to a panel of health officials, there has been a great deal of confusion in the medical profession about whether obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or a condition more related to appearance than to health.
(A) about whether obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or a condition more related to appearance than to
(B) with respect to obesity being a biological disorder posing serious health risks or if it is related more to appearance than
(C) over whether or not obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or it is a condition more related to appearance than to
(D) about obesity and if it is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or a condition related to appearance more than to
(E) concerning whether obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or it is a condition related to appearance more than
A
A
36
Q
- According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, like that of earlier generations.
(A) like that of earlier generations
(B) as that for earlier generations
(C) just as earlier generations did
(D) as have earlier generations
(E) as it was of earlier generations
A
E
37
Q
- According to a recent study by Rutgers University, the number of women in state legislatures has grown in every election since 1968.
(A) the number of women in state legislatures has grown
(B) the number of women who are in state legislatures have grown
(C) there has been growth in the number of women in state legislatures
(D) a growing number of women have been in state legislatures
(E) women have been growing in number in state legislatures
A
A
38
Q
- According to a recent study, the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to give regular financial aid to their children as to receive it from them.
(A) the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to give regular financial aid to their children as
(B) the elderly in the United States are four times as likely to give regular financial aid to their children as it is for them
(C) the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to give regular financial aid to their children than
(D) it is four times more likely for the elderly in the United States to give regular financial aid to their children than they are（C）
(E) it is four times as likely that the elderly in the United States will give their children regular financial aid as they are
A
C
39
Q
- According to a ruling by the state supreme court, the owner of polluted land is liable for the cleanup of the property even if the owner did not have the responsibility that pollution occurred before the title changed hands.
(A) the owner did not have the responsibility that pollution
(B) the owner is not responsible for pollution that
(C) it was not the owner’s responsibility that pollution would have
(D) the responsibility of the owner is not that pollution（B）
(E) the responsibility was not the owner’s that pollution would have
A
B
40
Q
- According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about equivalent to the enrollment of the nation’s four-year colleges and universities.
(A) equivalent to the enrollment of
(B) the equivalent of those enrolled in
(C) equal to those who are enrolled in
(D) as many as the enrollment of
(E) as many as are enrolled in
A
E
41
Q
- According to a study published by Dr. Myrna Weissman, only one percent of Americans born before 1905 had suffered major depression by the age of seventy-five; of those born since 1955, six percent had become depressed by age twenty-four.
(A) only one percent of Americans born before 1905 had suffered major depression by the age of seventy-five; of those born since 1955, six percent had become depressed by age twenty-four
(B) only one percent of Americans born before 1905 suffer major depression by the age of seventy-five; if they are born since 1955, six percent become depressed by age twenty-four
(C) of Americans born before 1905, only one percent of them have suffered major depression by age seventy-five, but six percent of those born since 1955 do by the age of twenty-four
(D) major depression is suffered by the age of seventy-five by only one percent of Americans born before 1905, and by age twenty-four by the six percent born since 1955（A）
(E) Americans born before 1905 suffer major depression by the age of seventy-five only one percent of the time, but six percent of those born since 1955 did so by age twenty
A
A
42
Q
- According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.
(A) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice
(B) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing
(C) minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing
(D) it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice（C）
(E) it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice
A
C
43
Q
- According to Booker T. Whatley’s recent analysis, planting the same crops as are planted on large farms will lead to economic disaster for the small farmer, who should plan a succession of high-value crops that will provide a year-round cash flow.
(A) planting the same crops as are planted on large farms will lead to economic disaster for the small farmer, who
(B) it will lead to economic disaster for the small farmer to plant the same crops as on the large farms; they
(C) economic disaster will result from planting the same crops as large farms to the small farmer, who
(D) economic disaster for the small farmer will result from planting the same crops as on the large farms; they
(E) the small farmer planting the same crops as are planted on large farms will lead to economic disaster; they
A
A
44
Q
- According to Henry David Thoreau, the reason a majority is allowed to rule is not that it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger.
(A) the reason a majority is allowed to rule is not that it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger
(B) a majority is allowed to rule not because it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger
(C) the reason for majority rule is not because they are more likely to be right, they are stronger
(D) the majority is allowed to rule because of its strength, not because it is more likely to be right
(E) the reason why the majority rules is that it is strong, not because it is likely to be right
A
B
45
Q
- According to his own account, Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, modeled the face of the statue like his mother’s and the body like his wife’s.
(A) modeled the face of the statue like his mother’s and the body like his wife’s
(B) modeled the face of the statue after that of his mother and the body after that of his wife
(C) modeled the face of the statue like his mother and the body like his wife
(D) made the face of the statue after his mother and the body after his wife
(E) made the face of the statue look like his mother and the body look like his wife
A
B
46
Q
- According to Interstudy, a nonprofit organization that studies health maintenance organizations (HMO’s), they estimate that, in comparison to last year, when only 36 percent of the nation’s 607 HMO’s was profitable, this year 73 percent will be.
(A) they estimate that, in comparison to last year, when only 36 percent of the nation’s 607 HMO’s was profitable, this year 73 percent will be
(B) compared to only 36 percent of the nation’s 607 HMO’s being profitable last year, they estimate 73 percent would be this year
(C) only 36 percent of the nation’s 607 HMO’s were profitable last year; it estimates that this year 73 percent will be
(D) it estimates 73 percent of the nation’s 607 HMO’s would be profitable this year; last year that was only 36 percent
(E) only 36 percent of the nation’s 607 HMO’s last year were profitable, whereas they estimate it this year to be 73 percent
A
C
47
Q
- According to scientists at the University of California, the pattern of changes that have occurred in human DNA over the millennia indicate the possibility that everyone alive today might be descended from a single female ancestor who lived in Africa sometime between 140,000 and 280,000 years ago.
(A) indicate the possibility that everyone alive today might be descended from a single female ancestor who
(B) indicate that everyone alive today might possibly be a descendant of a single female ancestor who had
(C) may indicate that everyone alive today has descended from a single female ancestor who had
(D) indicates that everyone alive today may be a descendant of a single female ancestor who
(E) indicates that everyone alive today might be a descendant from a single female ancestor who
A
D
48
Q
- According to some analysts, whatever its merits, the proposal to tax away all capital gains on short-term investments would, if enacted, have a disastrous effect on Wall Street trading and employment.
(A) its merits, the proposal to tax
(B) its merits may be, the proposal of taxing
(C) its merits as a proposal, taxing
(D) the proposal’s merits, to tax
(E) the proposal’s merits are, taxing
A
A
49
Q
- According to some economists, Japan is in danger of plunging into a depression that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain a society that regards lifetime employment as a virtual right of citizenship.
(A) that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain
(B) that, because of double-digit unemployment, could be a severe strain for
(C) with double-digit unemployment, and it could severely strain
(D) with double-digit unemployment and could be a severe strain
(E) with double-digit unemployment and could severely strain
A
A
50
Q
- According to some economists, the July decrease in unemployment so that it was the lowest in two years suggests that the gradual improvement in the job market is continuing.
(A) so that it was the lowest in two years
(B) so that it was the lowest two-year rate
(C) to what would be the lowest in two years
(D) to a two-year low level
(E) to the lowest level in two years
A
E
51
Q
- According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.
(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey
(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported
(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey（E）
(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
A
E
52
Q
- According to the Better Business Bureau, if you fail to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as that of the lowest, it violates the New York Consumer Protection Law.
(A) if you fail to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as that of the lowest, it
(B) if one fails to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as the lowest price, it
(C) failure to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as the lowest
(D) failure to advertise as prominently the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as the lowest（C）
(E) failing to advertise as prominently the highest price in a range of prices for a service or products as that of the lowest
A
C
53
Q
- According to the National Pasta Association, per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States, which has already been approaching 19 pounds a year, will achieve 30 pounds a year by the twenty-first century.
(A) According to the National Pasta Association, per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States, which has already been approaching 19 pounds a year, will achieve 30 pounds a year by the twenty-first century.
(B) Already approaching 19 pounds a year in the United States, the National Pasta Association predicts that per-capita consumption of pasta will reach 30 pounds a year by the twenty-first century.
(C) The National Pasta association predicts by the twenty-first century that per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States, which is already approaching 19 pounds a year, will reach 30 pounds a year.
(D) By the twenty-first century, the National Pasta Association predicts that per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States, having already approached 19 pounds a year, will reach 30 pounds a year.（E）
(E) According to the National Pasta Association, per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States is already approaching 19 pounds a year and will reach 30 pounds a year by the twenty-first century.
A
E
54
Q
- According to the professor’s philosophy, the antidote to envy is one’s own work, always one’s own work: not thinking about it, not assessing it, but simply doing it.
(A) one’s own work, always one’s own work: not thinking about it, not assessing it, but simply doing it
(B) always work; because you don’t think about it or assess it, you just do it
(C) always one’s own work: not thinking about or assessing it, but simply to do it
(D) not to think or assess, but doing one’s own work（A）
(E) neither to think about one’s own work nor to assess it, it is always simply doing it
A
A
55
Q
- According to United States Air Force officials, a cannon shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful to demonstrate what kind of damage can result when jets fly into a flock of large birds.
(A) shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful to demonstrate
(B) shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved itself helpful as a demonstration of
(C) shooting dead chickens at airplanes proves itself helpful as demonstrating
(D) that shoots dead chickens at airplanes proves itself helpful to demonstrate（E）
(E) that shoots dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful in demonstrating
A
E
56
Q
- Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids.
(A) with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(B) with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(C) and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(D) and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive（E）
(E) and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
A
E
57
Q
- Added to the increase in hourly wages requested last July, the railroad employees are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
(A) Added to the increase in hourly wages requested last July, the railroad employees are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
(B) Added to the increase in hourly wages which had been requested last July, the employees of the railroad are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
(C) The railroad employees are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits added to the increase in hourly wages that were requested last July.
(D) In addition to the increase in hourly wages that were requested last July, the railroad employees are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.（E）
(E) In addition to the increase in hourly wages requested last July, the employees of the railroad are now seeking an expanded program of retirement benefits.
A
E
58
Q
- Adult survivors of child abuse traditionally have had little or no chance that they could get their symptoms recognized and treated.
(A) that they could get their symptoms recognized and treated
(B) to recognize and treat their symptoms
(C) of getting their symptoms recognized and treated
(D) of recognizing and treating symptoms（C）
(E) of getting his or her symptoms recognized and treated
A
C
59
Q
- Affording strategic proximity to the Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that if they did not hold it, their grip on Algeria was always insecure.
(A) if they did not hold it, their grip on Algeria was always insecure
(B) without it their grip on Algeria would never be secure
(C) their grip on Algeria was not ever secure if they did not hold it
(D) without that, they could never be secure about their grip on Algeria（B）
(E) never would their grip on Algeria be secure if they did not hold it
A
B
60
Q
- After a few weeks’ experience, apprentice jewelers can usually begin to discriminate, though not with absolute certainty, genuine diamonds from imitation diamonds.
(A) genuine diamonds from imitation diamonds
(B) genuine diamonds apart from imitations
(C) between genuine diamonds and imitation diamonds
(D) among genuine diamonds and imitation diamonds（C）
(E) whether diamonds are imitation or genuine
A
C
61
Q
- After crude oil, natural gas is the United States second biggest fuel source and supplied almost exclusively from reserves in North America.
(A) After crude oil, natural gas is the United States second biggest fuel source and supplied almost exclusively from reserves in North America.
(B) Natural gas, after crude oil the United States second biggest fuel source, supplied almost exclusively from reserves in North America.
(C) Being supplied almost exclusively from reserves in North America, natural gas, the United States second biggest fuel source after crude oil.
(D) Natural gas, the United States’ second biggest fuel source after crude oil, is supplied almost exclusively from reserves in North America.（D）
(E) Natural gas is supplied almost exclusively from reserves in North America, being the United States’ second biggest fuel source after crude oil.
A
D
62
Q
- After gradual declension down to about 39 hours in 1970, the workweek in the United States has steadily increased to the point that the average worker now puts in an estimated 164 extra hours of paid labor a year.
(A) After gradual declension down
(B) Following a gradual declension down
(C) After gradual declining down
(D) After gradually declining（D）
(E) Following gradually declining
A
D
63
Q
- After July, anyone disposing of or servicing refrigerators must capture the chlorofluorocarbons in the refrigerant chemicals.
(A) anyone disposing of or servicing
(B) those who dispose or service
(C) anyone disposing of or who services
(D) the disposal or repair of（A）
(E) someone who disposes or repairs
A
A
64
Q
- After Queen Isabella asked Admiral Columbus to describe the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), which was newly discovered, he had reached for a sheet of paper, crumpled it, and said, “It looks like that—beyond the mountains, more mountains.”
(A) After Queen Isabella asked Admiral Columbus to describe the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), which was newly discovered, he had reached
(B) On being asked to describe the new discovery of the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti) by Queen Isabella, Admiral Columbus, reaching
(C) Queen Isabella asked Admiral Columbus to describe the newly discovered island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), then he reached
(D) When asked by Queen Isabella to describe the newly discovered island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), Admiral Columbus reached（D）
(E) After Queen Isabella had asked Admiral Columbus to describe the discovery of the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti), he had reached
A
D
65
Q
- After suffering $2 billion in losses and 25,000 layoffs, the nation’s semiconductor industry, which makes chips that run everything from computers and spy satellites to dishwashers, appears to have made a long-awaited recovery.
(A) computers and spy satellites to dishwashers, appears to have
(B) computers, spy satellites, and dishwashers, appears having
(C) computers, spy satellites, and dishwashers, appears that it has
(D) computers and spy satellites to dishwashers, appears that it has（A）
(E) computers and spy satellites as well as dishwashers, appears to have
A
A
66
Q
- After the Arab conquest of Egypt in A.D. 640, Arabic became the dominant language of the Egyptians, replacing older languages and writing systems.
(A) became the dominant language of the Egyptians, replacing older languages
(B) became the dominant language of the Egyptians, replacing languages that were older
(C) becomes the dominant language of the Egyptians and it replaced older languages
(D) becomes the dominant language of the Egyptians and it replaced languages that were older（A）
(E) becomes the dominant language of the Egyptians, having replaced languages that were older
A
A
67
Q
- After the Civil War, contemporaries of Harriet Tubman’s maintained that she has all of the qualities of a great leader, coolness in the face of danger, an excellent sense of strategy, and an ability to plan in minute detail.
(A) Tubman’s maintained that she has
(B) Tubman’s maintain that she had
(C) Tubman’s have maintained that she had
(D) Tubman maintained that she had（D）
(E) Tubman had maintained that she has
A
D
68
Q
- After the Colonial period’s 50 percent mortality rate, life expectancy improved for children, but as late as the nineteenth century about one child in three died before reaching the age of six.
(A) After the Colonial period’s 50 percent mortality rate, life expectancy improved for children, but
(B) Even though children’s life expectancy, which improved over the Colonial period’s 50 percent mortality rate,
(C) Although life expectancy for children improved after the Colonial period, during which the mortality rate was 50 percent,
(D) While there was an improvement in life expectancy for children after the 50 percent mortality rate of the Colonial period, still（C）
(E) Despite children’s life expectancy improvement from the Colonial period’s 50 percent mortality rate,
A
C
69
Q
- After the Vietnam war Bettye Granther, a U.S. Army nurse, continued her efforts on behalf of injured Vietnamese children, providing medical care, helping to reunite estranged families, and the establishment of a fund for the children’s future education.
(A) the establishment of a fund for the children’s future education
(B) the establishing of a fund for the future education of children
(C) establishing a fund for the children’s future education
(D) establishing a fund for the childrens’ future education（C）
(E) the establishment of a fund for the childrens’ future education
A
C
70
Q
- After this year’s record-shattering January performance in Madison Square Garden, the ensemble were touted as the country’s best new group in decades; no critic or reviewer had anything but praise for the young musicians.
(A) the ensemble were touted as the country’s
(B) the ensemble was touted as the country’s
(C) the country touted the ensemble like the
(D) touting the ensemble as the country’s（B）
(E) they were touting the ensemble as the country’s
A
B
71
Q
- Aging is a property of all animals that reach a fixed size at maturity, and the variations in life spans among different species are far greater as that among individuals from the same species: a fruit fly is ancient at 40 days, a mouse at 3 years, a horse at 30, a man at 100, and some tortoises at 150.
(A) among different species are far greater as that among individuals from
(B) among different species are far greater than that among individuals from
(C) among different species are far greater than those among individuals of
(D) between different species are far more than that between individuals of（C）
(E) between different species are greater by far than is that between individuals from
A
C
72
Q
- Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals in her home, they featured the preparation of great quantities of ceremonial food, the wearing of many layers of colorful clothing adorned with silver, and the recounting of traditional tribal jokes and stories.
(A) Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals in her home, they featured
(B) Festivals were held in Aho, a Kiowa matriarch’s home, which featured
(C) Aho, who was a Kiowa matriarch in her home, held festivals featuring
(D) In her home, Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals that featured（D）
(E) Aho, a Kiowa matriarch, held festivals in her home that featured
A
D
73
Q
- Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.
(A) fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves0
(B) fund, the intention of which is to sustain the state’s economy after they have exhausted their oil reserves
(C) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
(D) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after exhausting its oil reserves（C）
(E) fund that they intend to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
A
C
74
Q
- All-terrain vehicles have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging the nation’s recreational areas.
(A) deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging
(B) deaths and injuring thousands, and serious damage to
(C) deaths, thousands who are injured, as well as seriously damaging
(D) deaths and thousands of injuries, as well as doing serious damage to（D）
(E) deaths, thousands are injured, and they do serious damage to
A
D
75
Q
- Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released today seem like it is indicative that the economy, although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.
(A) like it is indicative that
(B) as if to indicate
(C) to indicate that
(D) indicative of（C）
(E) like an indication of
A
C
76
Q
- Although all the proceedings of the Communist party conference held in Moscow were not carried live, Soviet audiences have seen a great deal of coverage.
(A) all the proceedings of the Communist party conference held in Moscow were not carried live
(B) all the Communist party conference’s Moscow proceedings were not carried live
(C) all the Communist party conference Moscow proceedings have not been carried alive
(D) not all the Communist party conference Moscow proceedings have been carried alive（E）
(E) not all the proceedings of the Communist party conference held in Moscow were carried live
A
E
77
Q
- Although aspirin irritates the stomach, it can be avoided if the aspirin tablet is given a coating that will not dissolve until the tablet reaches the intestine.
(A) Although aspirin irritates the stomach, it
(B) The irritation of the stomach caused by aspirin
(C) The fact that aspirin causes irritation of the stomach
(D) Aspirin causes stomach irritation, although it（B）
(E) Aspirin irritates the stomach, which
A
B
78
Q
- Although dozens of New York’s small museums are either devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, there are many one-of-a-kind museums from Manhattan to the Bronx that are open for exploration on summer weekends.
(A) Although dozens of New York’s small museums are either devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, there are
(B) Although dozens of New York’s small museums are devoted to local history or various ethnic groups,
(C) Dozens of New York’s small museums are devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, but there are
(D) Dozens of New York’s small museums are devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, and there are also（D）
(E) Devoted to local history or various ethnic groups, dozens of New York’s small museums and also
A
D
79
Q
- Although early soap operas were first aired on evening radio in the 1920’s, they had moved to the daytime hours of the 1930’s when the evening schedule became crowded with comedians and variety shows.
(A) were first aired on evening radio in the 1920’s, they had moved to the daytime hours of the 1930’s
(B) were first aired on evening radio in the 1920’s, they were moved to the daytime hours in the 1930’s
(C) were aired first on evening radio in the 1920’s, moving to the daytime hours in the 1930’s
(D) were aired first in the evening on 1920’s radio, they moved to the daytime hours of the 1930’s（B）
(E) aired on evening radio first in the 1920’s, they were moved to the 1930’s in the daytime hours
A
B
80
Q
- Although films about the American West depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills, in reality these gregarious creatures live in stable groups that occupy the same territory for long periods.
(A) films about the American West depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills
(B) in films about the American West coyotes are depicted to be solitary animals that howl mournfully on the tops of distant hills
(C) coyotes are depicted as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills in films about the American West
(D) films about the American West depict coyotes as if they were solitary, mournfully howling animals on the tops of distant hills（A）
(E) films about the American West depict coyotes to be solitary and mournfully howling animals on the tops of distant hills
A
A
81
Q
- Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, similar to the way human beings breathe.
(A) similar to the way human beings breathe
(B) similarly to human beings who are breathing
(C) just like the breathing of human beings
(D) as human beings when breathing（E）
(E) just as human beings do when they breathe
A
E
82
Q
- Although he is as gifted as, if not more gifted than, many of his colleagues, he is extremely modest and his poetry is unpublished.
(A) Although he is as gifted as, if not more gifted than, many of his colleagues, he is extremely modest and his poetry is unpublished.
(B) Although he is as gifted, if not more gifted, than many of his colleagues, he is extremely modest and with his poetry remaining unpublished.
(C) Although he is as gifted as, if not more gifted than, many of his colleagues, he is extremely modest and will not publish his poetry.
(D) Despite his being gifted, if not more gifted than his colleagues, he is extremely modest and will not publish his poetry.（C）
(E) Being a gifted as, or more gifted than, many of his colleagues, he is extremely modest and his poetry is unpublished.
A
C
83
Q
- Although it claims to delve into political issues, television can be superficial such as when each of the three major networks broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.
(A) superficial such as when each of the three major networks
(B) superficial, as can sometimes occur if all of the three major networks
(C) superficial if the three major networks all
(D) superficial whenever each of the three major networks（E）
(E) superficial, as when the three major networks each
A
E
84
Q
- Although it was expected that workers under forty would show hostility to the plan, the research report indicates that both younger and the older people approve of governmental appropriations for Social Security.
(A) younger and the older people
(B) younger people and the older
(C) the younger and the older people
(D) younger and older people（D）
(E) people who are younger and those who are older
A
D
85
Q
- Although it was once funded entirely by the government, the Victoria and Albert Museum was one of the first of Britain’s national museums seeking support from corporations and private donors and to increase income by increasing attendance.
(A) one of the first of Britain’s national museums seeking support from
(B) one of Britain’s first national museums seeking support of
(C) among Britain’s first national museums to seek support of
(D) among the first of Britain’s national museums to seek support from（D）
(E) among Britain’s first national museums that have sought the support of
A
D
86
Q
- Although just inside the orbit of Jupiter, amateur astronomers with good telescopes should be able to see the comet within the next few weeks.
(A) Although just inside the orbit of
(B) Although it is just inside the orbit of
(C) Just inside the orbit of
(D) Orbiting just inside（B）
(E) Having orbited just inside
A
B
87
Q
- Although many art patrons can readily differentiate a good debenture from an undesirable one, they are much less expert in distinguishing good paintings and poor ones, authentic art and fakes.
(A) much less expert in distinguishing good paintings and poor ones, authentic art and
(B) far less expert in distinguishing good paintings from poor ones, authentic art from
(C) much less expert when it comes to distinguishing good paintings and poor ones, authentic art from
(D) far less expert in distinguishing good paintings and poor ones, authentic art and（B）
(E) far less the expert when it comes to distinguishing between good painting, poor ones, authentic art, and
A
B
88
Q
- Although many Whites, noting the presence of some Blacks in the middle class, think that the time for enforcing civil rights measures is past, Blacks generally are aware that the figures for average income and unemployment show as wide of a radical discrepancy as ever.
(A) that the figures for average income and unemployment show as wide of
(B) that average-income and unemployment figures show as wide
(C) that the average-income and unemployment figures are showing as wide of
(D) of average-income and unemployment figures that show as wide of（B）
(E) of figures for average income and unemployment showing as wide
A
B
89
Q
- Although Ms. Bakara had previously emphasized that she could not speak for other Black people, she ventured to do so on this one occasion because she firmly believed that many minority people, likely most, would agree with her.
(A) do so on this one occasion because she firmly believed that many minority people, likely most, would agree
(B) speak on this one occasion since she firmly believed that many minority people, likely most, would have agreed
(C) so speak on this one occasion due to her firmly believing that many minority people, even most, would likely agree
(D) do so on this one occasion because she firmly believed that many minority people, if not most, would agree（D）
(E) do so on this one occasion since she firmly believed many minority people, and even most, would likely agree
A
D
90
Q
- Although Napoleon’s army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns（E）
(E) for any previous campaign
A
E
91
Q
- Although one link in the chain was demonstrated to be weak, but not sufficiently so to require the recall of the automobile.
(A) demonstrated to be weak, but not sufficiently so to require
(B) demonstrated as weak, but it was not sufficiently so that it required
(C) demonstrably weak, but not sufficiently so to require
(D) demonstrably weak, it was not so weak as to require（D）
(E) demonstrably weak, it was not weak enough that it required
A
D
92
Q
- Although partially destroyed, the archaeologists were able to infer from what remained of the inscription that the priest Zonainos was buried in the crypt.
(A) Although partially destroyed, the archaeologists were able to infer
(B) Although partially destroyed, the archaeologists had inferred
(C) Although it had been partially destroyed, the archaeologists were able to infer
(D) Partially destroyed though it had been, the archaeologists had been able to infer（C）
(E) Destroyed partially, the archaeologists were able to infer
A
C
93
Q
- Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on many developing countries.
(A) it is so debilitating that it has become an economic
(B) it is of such debilitation, it has become an economical
(C) so debilitating is it as to become an economic
(D) such is its debilitation, it becomes an economical（A）
(E) there is so much debilitation that it has become an economical
A
A
94
Q
- Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence while being an adolescent, Frances Willard was 35 years old before she chose to become a temperance activist.
(A) while being an adolescent
(B) while in adolescence
(C) at the time of her being adolescent
(D) as being in adolescence（E）
(E) as an adolescent
A
E
95
Q
- Although some officials noted that using machines for farming in China costs more than traditional hand cultivation, the mechanization of farming in the village of Long Bow doubled the corn yield while the previous year’s costs were cut in half.
(A) mechanization of farming in the village of Long Bow doubled the corn yield while the previous year’s costs were cut in half
(B) mechanization of farming in the village of Long Bow doubled the corn yield while cutting costs to half those of the previous year
(C) mechanization of farming in the village of Long Bow doubled the corn yield as cost were cut to half of the previous year’s
(D) farming mechanization in the village of Long Bow doubled the corn yield as it cut in half the previous year’s costs（B）
(E) farming mechanization in the village of Long Bow doubled the corn yield while costs were cut to half that of the previous year
A
B
96
Q
- Although the bite of brown recluse spiders are rarely fatal, they cause chronic flesh wounds, posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to its poison.
(A) brown recluse spiders are rarely fatal, they cause chronic flesh wounds, posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to its
(B) brown recluse spiders are rarely fatal, they cause chronic flesh wounds and pose the greatest danger to the infant and elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to their
(C) the brown recluse spider is rarely fatal, it causes chronic flesh wounds, posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to their
(D) the brown recluse spider is rarely fatal, it causes chronic flesh wounds and poses the greatest danger to infants and the elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to its（D）
(E) the brown recluse spider is rarely fatal, they cause chronic flesh wounds, posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to its
A
D
97
Q
- Although the coordination of monetary policy can help facilitate the orderly financing of existing imbalances, it is unlikely that its effect on their size is significant in the absence of an appropriate fiscal adjustment.
(A) it is unlikely that its effect on their size is significant
(B) it is unlikely that the size of their effect would be significant
(C) affecting their sizes are not likely to be significant
(D) the significance of their effect on its size is unlikely（E）
(E) its effect on their size is not likely to be significant
A
E
98
Q
- Although the lesser cornstalk borer is widely distributed, control of them is necessary only in the South.
(A) the lesser cornstalk borer is widely distributed, control of them is
(B) widely distributed, measures to control the lesser cornstalk borer are
(C) widely distributed, lesser cornstalk borer control is
(D) the lesser cornstalk borer is widely distributed, measures to control it are（D）
(E) it is widely distributed, control of the lesser cornstalk borer is
A
D
99
Q
- Although the manager agreed to a more flexible work schedule, he said that it must be posted on the bulletin board so that both management and labor will know what everyone is assigned to do.
(A) he said that it must be posted on the bulletin board so that both management and labor will know what everyone is
(B) he said it had to be posted on the bulletin board so that both management and labor knows what everyone is
(C) he said that they would have to post the assignments on the bulletin board so that management and labor knew what everyone was
(D) he said that the schedule would have to be posted on the bulletin board so that both management and labor would know what everyone was（A）
(E) saying that the schedule had to be posted on the bulletin board so that both management and labor would know what everyone had been
A
A
100
Q
- Although the phenomenon of withdrawal has always been the crucial physiological Leng for distinguishing addictive from nonaddictive drugs, it has become increasingly evident that not all regular heroin users experience withdrawal symptoms.
(A) addictive from
(B) addictive and
(C) addictive or
(D) between addictive or（A）
(E) among addictive or
A
A
101
Q
- Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be drawn from “a fair cross section of the community.”
(A) has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be
(B) was necessary for developing and enforcing the principle of all juries being
(C) was to be necessary in developing and enforcing the principle of all juries to be
(D) is necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be（A）
(E) will be necessary for developing and enforcing the principle of all juries being
A
A
102
Q
- Although the term “psychopath” is popularly applied to an especially brutal criminal, in psychology it is someone who is apparently incapable of feeling compassion or the pangs of conscience.
(A) it is someone who is
(B) it is a person
(C) they are people who are
(D) it refers to someone who is（D）
(E) it is in reference to people
A
D
103
Q
- American productivity is declining in relation to Europe’s; the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as twice that expended in West Germany.
(A) as much as twice that expended in West Germany
(B) as much as twice that of West Germany’s expenditure
(C) up to two times of West Germany’s expenditure
(D) up to two times what West Germans expended（A）
(E) up to double the West German expenditure
A
A
104
Q
- Among the cossacks, vegetable farming was once so despised that it was forbidden on pain of death.
(A) so despised that it was
(B) so despised to be
(C) so despised it had been
(D) despised enough that it was（A）
(E) despised enough as to be
A
A
105
Q
- Among the emotions on display in the negotiating room were anger for repeatedly raising the issue over and over again and preventing the raw wounds from earlier battles from ever beginning to heal.
(A) were anger for repeatedly raising the issue over and over again and preventing the raw wounds from earlier battles from ever beginning to heal
(B) was anger for repeatedly raising the issue and preventing the raw wounds from earlier battles from ever beginning to heal
(C) were anger over repeatedly raising the issue and preventing the raw wounds from earlier battles to begin healing
(D) was anger about the issue, which was raised over and over, and preventing the wounds from earlier battles, still raw, to begin healing（B）
(E) were anger about the issue, which was raised repeatedly, and preventing the raw wounds from earlier battles to begin to heal
A
B
106
Q
- Among the objects found in the excavated temple were small terra-cotta effigies left by supplicants who were either asking the goddess Bona Dea’s aid in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help.
(A) in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help
(B) in healing physical and mental ills and to thank her for helping
(C) in healing physical and mental ills, and thanking her for helping
(D) to heal physical and mental ills or to thank her for such help（A）
(E) to heal physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help
A
A
107
Q
- Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last three decades were the high cost of land, the pressure of housing and commercial development, and basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California.
(A) basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California
(B) basing a marketing and distribution system on the imported produce of Florida and California
(C) basing a system of marketing and distribution on the import of produce from Florida and California
(D) a marketing and distribution system based on importing produce from Florida and California（D）
(E) a marketing and distribution system importing produce from Florida and California as its base
A
D
108
Q
- An array of tax incentives has led to a boom in the construction of new office buildings; so abundant has capital been for commercial real estate that investors regularly scour the country for areas in which to build.
(A) so abundant has capital been for commercial real estate that
(B) capital has been so abundant for commercial real estate, so that
(C) the abundance of capital for commercial real estate has been such,
(D) such has the abundance of capital been for commercial real estate that（A）
(E) such has been an abundance of capital for commercial real estate,
A
A
109
Q
- An artistic presence of the first order, one frequently ranked with Picasso, Stravinsky, and James Joyce, Martha Graham was acclaimed as a great dancer long before her innovative masterworks made her the most honored of American choreographers.
(A) Martha Graham was acclaimed as
(B) Martha Graham was acclaimed to be
(C) Martha Graham’s acclaim is as
(D) Martha Graham’s acclaim to be（A）
(E) Martha Graham’s acclaim was in being
A
A
110
Q
- An attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment, begun almost two decades ago, has been unsuccessful despite efforts by many important groups, including the National Organization for Women.
(A) to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment, begun almost two decades ago,
(B) begun almost two decades ago, for ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment
(C) begun for ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment almost two decades ago
(D) at ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment, begun almost two decades ago,（A）
(E) that has begun almost two decades ago to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment
A
A
111
Q
- An inventory equal to 90 days sales is as much as even the strongest businesses carry, and then only as a way to anticipate higher prices or ensure against shortages.
(A) as much as even
(B) so much as even
(C) even so much as
(D) even as much that（A）
(E) even so much that
A
A
112
Q
- An unusually strong cyclist can, it is hoped, provide enough power to set a new distance record for human-powered aircraft in MIT’s diaphanous construction of graphite fiber and plastic.
(A) can, it is hoped, provide enough power to set
(B) it is hoped, can provide enough power that will set
(C) hopefully can provide enough power, this will set
(D) is hopeful to set
(E) hopes setting
A
A
113
Q
- Analysts blamed May’s sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the weather, colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.
(A) colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed
(B) which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing
(C) since it was colder and wetter than usually in some regions, which slowed
(D) being colder and wetter than usually in some regions, slowing
(E) having been colder and wetter than was usual in some regions and slowed
A
B
114
Q
- Ancient Romans found it therapeutic to bathe in cold milk, in strawberries that had been crushed, or in bathtubs filled with black caviar.
(A) to bathe in cold milk, in strawberries that had been crushed, or in bathtubs filled with black caviar
(B) that they bathe in cold milk, in strawberries that had been crushed, or in caviar that was black
(C) to bathe in cold milk, crushed strawberries, or black caviar
(D) that they bathe in cold milk, crushed strawberries, or black caviar
(E) to bathe in milk , strawberries, or caviar
A
C
115
Q
- Any medical test will sometimes fail to detect a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one when it is not.
(A) a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one
(B) when a condition is present and indicate that there is one
(C) a condition when it is present and indicate that it is present
(D) when a condition is present and indicate its presence
(E) the presence of a condition when it is there and indicate its presence
A
C
116
Q
- Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered chalice, which dates from the eighth century, was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders.
(A) to keep from
(B) to keep it from
(C) to avoid
(D) in order that it would avoid（B）
(E) in order to keep from
A
B
117
Q
- Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.
(A) huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport
(B) without the benefits of animal transport or the wheel, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya
(C) the Maya built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel
(D) there were built, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, huge palace and temple clusters by the Maya（C）
(E) were the Maya who, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, built huge palace and temple clusters
A
C
118
Q
- Art museums do not usually think of their collections as capital or consider the interest income that would be generated if a portion of the capital would have been invested in another form.
(A) be generated if a portion of the capital would have been
(B) have been generated if a portion of the capital would have been
(C) be generated if a portion of the capital were
(D) be generated if a portion of the capital was（C）
(E) be generated if a portion of the capital had been
A
C
119
Q
- Artificial intelligence emerged during the late 1950’s as an academic discipline based on the assumption that computers are able to be programmed to think like people.
(A) are able to be programmed to think like people
(B) were able to be programmed to think as people
(C) can be programmed to think as people can
(D) could be programmed to think like people（D）
(E) are capable of being programmed to think like people do
A
D
120
Q
- As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.
(A) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.
(B) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind as an adult.
(C) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision would be rated about 20/500; qualifying it to be legally blind if an adult.
(D) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind.（D）
(E) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision, which would be deemed legally blind for an adult, would be rated about 20/500.
A
D
121
Q
- As a result of medical advances, many people that might at one time have died as children of such infections as diphtheria, pneumonia, or rheumatic fever now live well into old age.
(A) that might at one time have died as children
(B) who might once have died in childhood
(C) that as children might once have died
(D) who in childhood might have at one time died（B）
(E) who, when they were children, might at one time have died
A
B
122
Q
- As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, less people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s than did in the 1960’s and 1970’s, a twenty year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
(A) less people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s than
(B) less people will be entering the labor force in the 1980’s as
(C) fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s as
(D) fewer people will be entering the labor force in the 1980’s as（E）
(E) fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s than
A
E
123
Q
- As a result of the ground-breaking work of Barbara McClintock, many scientists now believe that all of the information encoded in 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes found in a human cell are contained in merely three percent of the cell’s DNA.
(A) 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes found in a human cell are contained in merely
(B) 50,000 to 100,000 of the human cell’s different genes are contained in a mere
(C) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in human cells are contained in merely
(D) 50,000 to 100,000 of human cell’s different genes is contained in merely（E）
(E) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in a human cell is contained in a mere
A
E
124
Q
- As business grows more complex, students majoring in specialized areas like those of finance and marketing have been becoming increasingly successful in the job market.
(A) majoring in specialized areas like those of finance and marketing have been becoming increasingly
(B) who major in such specialized areas as finance and marketing are becoming more and more
(C) who majored in specialized areas such as those of finance and marketing are being increasingly
(D) who major in specialized areas like those of finance and marketing have been becoming more and more（B）
(E) having majored in such specialized areas as finance and marketing are being increasingly
A
B
125
Q
- As contrasted with the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain.
(A) As contrasted with the honeybee
(B) In contrast to the honeybee’s
(C) Unlike the sting of the honeybee
(D) Unlike that of the honeybee（E）
(E) Unlike the honeybee
A
E
126
Q
- As envisioned by researchers, commercial farming of lobsters will enable fisheries to sell the shellfish year-round, taking advantage of off-season demand, standardize its sizes and colors, and to predict sales volume in advance.
(A) taking advantage of off-season demand, standardize
(B) taking advantage of off-season demand, to standardize
(C) taking advantage of off-season demand, standardizing
(D) take advantage of off-season demand, standardizing（B）
(E) take advantage of off-season demand, to standardize
A
B
127
Q
- As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatically in strength, becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the United States mainland in the twentieth century and most intense since Camille in 1969.
(A) most intense since Camille in 1969
(B) most intense after Camille in 1969
(C) the most intense since Camille in 1969
(D) the most intense after 1969, which had Camille（C）
(E) since 1969 and Camille, the most intense
A
C
128
Q
- As it becomes more frequent to have spouses who both work outside the home, companies are beginning to help in finding new employment for the spouses of transferred employees.
(A) it becomes more frequent to have spouses who both work outside the home
(B) it becomes more frequent to have couples both working outside the home
(C) it becomes more common that both husband and wife should be working outside the home
(D) it becomes more common for both husband and wife to work outside the home（D）
(E) couples in which both of the spouses working outside the home become more common
A
D
129
Q
- As litigation grows more complex, the need that experts explain technical issues becomes more apparent.
(A) that experts explain technical issues becomes
(B) for experts to explain technical issues became
(C) for experts to explain technical issues becomes
(D) that technical issues be explained by experts became（C）
(E) that there be explanations of technical issues by experts has become
A
C
130
Q
- As many as 300 of the 720 paintings attributed to Rembrandt may actually be the works of his students or other admirers.
(A) the 720 paintings attributed to Rembrandt may
(B) the 720 paintings attributed to be Rembrandt’s might
(C) the 720 paintings that were attributed to be by Rembrandt may
(D) the 720 Rembrandt paintings that were once attributed to him might（A）
(E) Rembrandt’s paintings, although 720 were once attributed to him, may
A
A
131
Q
- As measured by the Commerce Department, corporate profits peaked in the fourth quarter of 1988 and have slipped since then, as many companies have been unable to pass on higher costs.
(A) and have slipped since then, as many companies have been unable to pass on higher costs
(B) and have slipped since then, the reason being because many companies have been unable to pass on higher costs
(C) and slipped since then, many companies being unable to pass on higher costs
(D) but, many companies unable to pass on higher costs, they have slipped since then（A）
(E) yet are slipping since then, because many companies were unable to pass on higher costs
A
A
132
Q
- As more and more people invest their money in savings certificates or money-market funds in order to earn higher interest, they are abandoning traditional low-interest investment havens such as passbook accounts and life insurance policies.
(A) As more and more people invest their money
(B) While people have more and more been investing their money
(C) As money is more and more invested by people
(D) More and more, when investors put their money（A）
(E) While, more and more, investors have been putting their money
A
A
133
Q
- As part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling during the 1950s, so that they could learn to fall without being hurt.
(A) As part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling during the 1950s
(B) As part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live during the 1950s with their disabilities were helped to practice falling
(C) Young polio victims learning to live during the 1950s with their disabilities were helped to practice falling as part of their therapy
(D) Young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling during the 1950s as part of their therapy（E）
(E) During the 1950s, as part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling
A
E
134
Q
- As rare as something becomes, be it a baseball card or a musical recording or a postage stamp, the more avidly it is sought by collectors.
(A) As rare as something becomes, be it
(B) As rare as something becomes, whether it is
(C) As something becomes rarer and rarer, like
(D) The rarer something becomes, like（E）
(E) The rarer something becomes, whether it is
A
E
135
Q
- As recently as 1950, tuberculosis was never curable unless sequestered in sanitariums; today, the drug Isoniazid has made such treatment obsolete.
(A) unless sequestered
(B) without sequestering
(C) without being sequestered
(D) unless it was sequestered（E）
(E) unless patients were sequestered
A
E
136
Q
- As researchers continue to probe the highly expressive vocal and postural language of wolves, their close resemblance to dogs has become ever more striking.
(A) their close resemblance to dogs has become
(B) the closeness of their resemblance to dogs has become
(C) the close resemblance between them and dogs has become
(D) the close resemblance between wolves and dogs becomes（D）
(E) the close resemblance of wolves with dogs becomes
A
D
137
Q
- As Russell Banks suggests, it is a lack of grand ideas that have only left writers with semiotics, hermeneutics, and deconstruction.
(A) As Russell Banks suggests, it is a lack of grand ideas that have only left writers with
(B) Writers, Russell Banks suggests, who lack of grand ideas and leave only
(C) Russell Banks suggests that a lack of grand ideas has left writers with only
(D) It is Russell Banks’ suggestion that a lack of grand ideas have left writers only with（C）
(E) It is only a lack of grand ideas, Russell Banks suggests, which leave writers with
A
C
138
Q
- As sales of cars and light trucks made in North America were declining 13.6 percent in late February, many analysts conclude that evidence of a recovering automotive market remains slight.
(A) As sales of cars and light trucks made in North America were declining 13.6 percent in late February, many analysts conclude
(B) Since sales of cars and light trucks made in North America declined 13.6 percent in late February, and many analysts conclude
(C) With sales of cars and light trucks made in North America declining 13.6 percent in late February, with many analysts concluding
(D) Because sales of cars and light trucks made in North America declined 13.6 percent in late February, many analysts concluded（D）
(E) Because of sales of cars and light trucks made in North America declining 13.6 percent in late February, therefore, many analysts concluded
A
D
139
Q
- As the etched lines on computer memory chips have become thinner and the chips’ circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have vastly increased.
(A) the chips’ circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have
(B) the chips’ circuits more complex, the power of both the chips and the electronic devices they drive has
(C) the chips’ circuits are more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive has
(D) their circuits are more complex, the power of both the chips and the electronic devices they drive have（B）
(E) their circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have
A
B
140
Q
- As the housing affordability gap widens, middle-income families are especially hard-hit, and these families can no longer qualify to buy homes, and rising rental rates force them to use far more than the standard 25 percent of their incomes for housing, leaving them with no equity or tax write-offs to offset the expenditures.
(A) and these families can no longer qualify to buy homes, and
(B) since these families can no longer afford to buy homes, furthermore
(C) for these families can no longer afford to buy homes, yet
(D) and these families can no longer afford to buy homes; however,（C）
(E) and these families can no longer afford to buy homes, for
A
C
141
Q
- As the price of gasoline rises, which makes substituting alcohol distilled from cereal grain attractive, the prices of bread and livestock feed are sure to increase.
(A) which makes substituting alcohol distilled from cereal grain attractive
(B) which makes substituting the distillation of alcohol from cereal grain attractive
(C) which makes distilling alcohol from cereal grain an attractive substitute
(D) making an attractive substitution of alcohol distilled from cereal grain（E）
(E) making alcohol distilled from cereal grain an attractive substitute
A
E
142
Q
- As U.S. nuclear attack submarines prowl their familiar haunts deep within the oceans of the world these days, they increasingly are engaged in missions far different from the tasks for which they were built and for which their crews were trained over the last forty years.
(A) they increasingly are engaged in missions far different from the tasks for which they were built
(B) the missions they increasingly engage in are far different than the tasks they were built for
(C) they engage increasingly in missions that differ significantly from the tasks they were built for
(D) the missions they engage in are increasingly different than the tasks for which they were built（A）
(E) they increasingly engage in missions far different than the tasks for which they were built
A
A
143
Q
- As virtually all the nation’s 50 busiest airports are, New York’s were built for an age of propellers, before jet planes weighing 800,000 pounds needed over two miles of runway.
(A) As virtually all the nation’s 50 busiest airports are
(B) As with virtually all of the nation’s 50 busiest airports
(C) Like virtually all of the nation’s 50 busiest airports
(D) Like the cities where virtually all the nation’s 50 busiest airports are（C）
(E) Like other cities where virtually all the nation’s 50 busiest airports are
A
C
144
Q
- As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream of atomic particles known as the solar wind.
(A) As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream
(B) Besides heat and light, also the Sun is the source of a continuous stream
(C) Besides heat and light, the Sun is also the source of a continuous streaming
(D) The Sun is the source not only of heat and light, but also of a continuous stream（D）
(E) The Sun is the source of not only heat and light but, as well, of a continuous streaming
A
D
145
Q
- Astronomers at the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one that they believe is a type previously unknown to science.
(A) that they believe is
(B) that they believe it to be
(C) they believe that it is of
(D) they believe that is（E）
(E) they believe to be of
A
E
146
Q
- Astronomers studying the newly discovered star say that it provides clues about our galaxy’s origin, that it may supply data about how fast our galaxy is expanding, and moreover it is perhaps the most distant star in the entire Milky Way.
(A) about how fast our galaxy is expanding, and moreover it is perhaps
(B) regarding the speed our galaxy expands at; moreover, they think it may be
(C) about how fast our galaxy expands and perhaps be
(D) on the galaxy’s expansion rate and perhaps（E）
(E) about how fast our galaxy is expanding, and that it is perhaps
A
E
147
Q
- At a recent session, the French government has decided that Paris needs a second, larger opera house to complement the famous Paris Opera.
(A) has decided that Paris needs
(B) decided that Paris needs
(C) has decided that Paris will need
(D) decided that Paris has a need of（B）
(E) has decided that Paris needed
A
B
148
Q
- At a time when it was unusual to do it, Dorothy Sterling wrote about such major figures of Black history as Harriet Tubman and W. E. B. Du Bois.
(A) it was unusual to do it
(B) it was unusual to do so
(C) doing that was unusual
(D) that was an unusual thing to be doing（B）
(E) it was not usual to do
A
B
149
Q
- At ground level, ozone is a harmful pollutant, but in the stratosphere it shields the Earth from the most biologically harmful radiation emitted by the Sun, radiation in the ultraviolet band of the spectrum.
(A) in the stratosphere
(B) in the stratosphere, in which
(C) it is in the stratosphere in which
(D) in the stratosphere where（A）
(E) it is in the stratosphere and
A
A
150
Q
- At Shiprock, New Mexico, a perennially powerful girls’ high school basketball team has become a path to college for some and a source of pride for a community where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are below the poverty level.
(A) where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are
(B) where they have 49 percent of the household incomes
(C) where 49 percent of the household incomes are
(D) which has 49 percent of the household incomes（C）
(E) in which 49 percent of them have household incomes
A
C
151
Q
- At the beginning of the year, the city allocated $150 million to cover the increase in wages that it expected to approve as a result of negotiations with the municipal labor unions.
(A) increase in wages that it expected to approve as a result of negotiations
(B) increased wages it expected to approve from negotiations
(C) increasing wages expected to be approved as a result of negotiating
(D) negotiated increases in wages it expected to approve（A）
(E) increases expected to be approved in wages from negotiating
A
A
152
Q
- At the invitation of Kwame Nkrumah, W. E. B. Du Bois settled in Gharla and became the editor of the Encyclopedia Africana.
(A) At the invitation of
(B) When he was invited by
(C) An invitation coming from
(D) An invitation that came from（A）
(E) After having an invitation by
A
A
153
Q
- At the time of the Mexican agrarian revolution, the most radical faction, that of Zapata and his followers, proposed a return to communal ownership of land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards.
(A) land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards
(B) land, a form of ownership of the pre-Columbians and respected by the Spaniards
(C) land, respected by the Spaniards and a pre-Columbian form of ownership
(D) land in which a pre-Columbian form of ownership was respected by the Spaniards（A）
(E) land that had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards
A
A
154
Q
- Automation has undermined the traditional position of labor as much by robbing workers of the special Skills that were once their most important strength than by the elimination of jobs.
(A) than by the elimination of jobs
(B) rather than by the elimination of a job
(C) than by eliminating jobs
(D) as by the elimination of a job（E）
(E) as by eliminating jobs
A
E
155
Q
- Aviation officials have not only failed to determine the cause of the crash, but they have also ignored demands by the pilots union that the investigation should be expedited.
(A) crash, but they have also ignored demands by the pilots union that the investigation should be expedited
(B) crash but also ignored demands by the pilots union that the investigation be expedited
(C) crash but have ignored demands for expediting the investigation by the pilots’ union
(D) crash, but they are also ignoring the pilots’ union’s demands to expedite the investigation（B）
(E) crash: the demands by the pilots’ union that the investigation should be expedited have also been ignored
A
B
156
Q
- Balding is much more common among White males than males of other races.
(A) than
(B) than among
(C) than is so of
(D) compared to（B）
(E) in comparison with
A
B
157
Q
- Balzac drank more than fifty cups of coffee a day and died of caffeine poisoning; furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother Samuel Johnson, the great writer and lexicographer, who was reported to have drunk twenty-five cups of tea at one sitting.
(A) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother
(B) however, caffeine did not seem to bother
(C) however, caffeine did not seem to have bothered
(D) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to have bothered（B）
(E) in addition, caffeine did not seem to bother
A
B
158
Q
- Bankers require that the financial information presented to them by mortgage applicants be complete and follow a prescribed format.
(A) be complete and follow a prescribed format
(B) is complete and it follows a prescribed format
(C) be complete and a prescribed format is followed
(D) to be complete and a prescribed format be following（A）
(E) be completed, and it followed a prescribed format
A
A
159
Q
- Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, “the good goddess.”
(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers
(B) Basing it on various ancient writers’ accounts
(C) With accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis
(D) By the accounts of various ancient writers they used（E）
(E) Using accounts of various ancient writers
A
E
160
Q
- Based on pinto beans and corn tortillas, the Pima Indians have a diet that derives 70 percent of its protein from vegetable sources and only 30 percent from animal foods, the reverse of the typical North American diet.
(A) Pima Indians have a diet that derives
(B) Pima Indians in their diet derive
(C) diet of the Pima Indians derives
(D) diets of the Pima Indians have derived（C）
(E) diet of the Pima Indians, deriving
A
C
161
Q
- Based on the growth rates of large modern reptiles such as the Galapagos tortoise and examinations of fossils of juvenile dinosaurs, scientists estimate that the largest dinosaurs probably lived to be between 100 and 200 years old.
(A) Based on the growth rates of large modern reptiles such as
(B) On the basis of growth rates of large modern reptiles such as
(C) Based on the growth rates of large modern reptiles like
(D) On the basis of growth rates of large modern reptiles, like those of（B）
(E) Based on such growth rates as those of large modern reptiles like
A
B
162
Q
- Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.
(A) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives,
(B) In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter
(C) In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter
(D) Carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations（C）
(E) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinated them with her narratives and
A
C
163
Q
- Because Halley’s comet changes orbit slightly during the seventy-six-year interval between passing close to Earth, it may veer onto a collision course with a planet sometime in the distant future.
(A) between passing
(B) of passing
(C) between its passes
(D) of its passes（C）
(E) as it passes
A
C
164
Q
- Because natural gas is composed mostly of methane, a simple hydrocarbon, vehicles powered by natural gas emit less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel.
(A) less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel
(B) fewer of certain pollutants than burning gasoline or diesel fuel do
(C) less of certain pollutants than gasoline or diesel fuel
(D) fewer of certain pollutants than does burning gasoline or diesel fuel（E）
(E) less of certain pollutants than those burning gasoline or diesel fuel
A
E
165
Q
- Because of the business community’s uncertainty about the President’s position in regard to the issue of the budget deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates has occurred.
(A) in regard to the issue of the budget deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates has
(B) on the deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates has
(C) regarding the budgetary deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates have
(D) on the deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates have（B）
(E) regarding the deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rats have
A
B
166
Q
- Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large.
(A) to survive
(B) of firms to survive
(C) for surviving
(D) for survival（B）
(E) for firms’ survival
A
B
167
Q
- Because paper of all kinds is the biggest single component of municipal trash, many municipalities have tried recycling to reduce the cost of trash disposal.
(A) Because paper of all kinds is the biggest single component of municipal trash, many municipalities have tried recycling to reduce the cost of trash disposal.
(B) Because paper of all kinds is the biggest single component in municipal trash, many municipalities tried to recycle so that the cost of trash disposal is reduced.
(C) Because paper of all kinds are the biggest single components in municipal trash, many municipalities have tried to recycle to reduce the cost of trash disposal.
(D) All kinds of paper are the biggest single components of municipal trash, and so many municipalities have tried recycling to reduce the cost of trash disposal.（A）
(E) All kinds of paper is the biggest single component of municipal trash, so many municipalities have tried to recycle so that the cost of trash disposal could be reduced.
A
A
168
Q
- Because the Earth’s crust is more solid there and thus better able to transmit shock waves, an earthquake of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern United States than it does in the West.
(A) of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern United States than it does in the West
(B) of a given magnitude will typically devastate 100 times the area if it occurs in the eastern United States instead of the West
(C) will typically devastate 100 times the area in the eastern United States than one of the comparable magnitude occurring in the West
(D) in the eastern United States will typically devastate an area 100 times greater than will a quake of comparable magnitude occurring in the West（D）
(E) that occurs in the eastern United States will typically devastate 100 times more area than if it occurred with comparable magnitude in the West
A
D
169
Q
- Because the enemy’s new ship is the quietest and it is therefore the most elusive submarine, it is being increasingly viewed by the military as a threat to security.
(A) and it is therefore the most elusive submarine, it is being increasingly viewed
(B) it is therefore the most elusive of submarines, and it has increased the view
(C) and therefore the most elusive submarine, it is being increasingly viewed
(D) and therefore it is the most elusive of submarines, there is an increasing view（C）
(E) therefore being the most elusive of submarines, it is increasingly viewed
A
C
170
Q
- Because the financial review covered only the last few fiscal years, and therefore the investigators were unable to determine the extent to possible earlier overpayments.
(A) and therefore the investigators were unable to determine the extent to possible
(B) so therefore the investigators were not capable of determining the possible extent of
(C) therefore the investigators were unable to determine the possible extent of
(D) the investigators were not capable of determining the possible extent of（E）
(E) the investigators were unable to determine the extent of possible
A
E
171
Q
- Because young children do not organize their attention or perceptions systematically, like adults, they may notice and remember details that their elders ignore.
(A) like adults
(B) unlike an adult
(C) as adults
(D) as adults do（D）
(E) as an adult
A
D
172
Q
- Before the Civil War, Harriet Tubman, herself an escaped slave, returned again and again to Maryland to guide other slaves along the Underground Railroad to freedom.
(A) herself an escaped slave, returned again and again to Maryland to guide
(B) being an escaped slave herself, returned again and again to Maryland so as to guide
(C) an escaped slave herself, returned again and again to Maryland for guiding
(D) herself as an escaped slave, returned again and again to Maryland so as to be the guide of（A）
(E) who had been herself as an escaped slave, returned again and again to Maryland for the guiding of
A
A
173
Q
- Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers’ Workshop.
(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has
(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in 1940; author Bharati Mukherjee
(C) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States citizen in 1988; she has
(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee（C）
(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee
A
C
174
Q
- Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd.
(A) Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used
(B) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that are believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, and they may use this
(C) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, that they may use
(D) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads; elephants emit low-frequency sounds they may use（C）
(E) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads, low-frequency sounds are emitted by elephants that may be used
A
C
175
Q
- Besides yielding such psychological rewards as relief from stress, deep relaxation, if practiced regularly, can strengthen the immune system and produce a host of other physiological benefits.
(A) deep relaxation, if practiced regularly, can strengthen the immune system
(B) one can strengthen the immune system through deep relaxation, if it is practiced regularly
(C) the immune system can be strengthened as a result of deep relaxation if practiced regularly
(D) when deep relaxation is practiced regularly, the immune system can be strengthened（A）
(E) when practiced regularly, the results of deep relaxation can be to strengthen the immune system
A
A
176
Q
- Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on if it can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts.
(A) if it can broaden its membership and leave
(B) whether it can broaden its membership and leave
(C) whether or not it has the capability to broaden its membership and can leave
(D) its ability for broadening its membership and leaving（B）
(E) the ability for it to broaden its membership and leave
A
B
177
Q
- Bihar is India’s poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111, lower than in the most impoverished countries of the world.
(A) lower than in
(B) lower than that of
(C) and lower than that of
(D) which is lower than in（B）
(E) which is lower than it is in
A
B
178
Q
- Bill Walton continued on playing, even though he had injuries that recurred over and over again, always hoping to return back to his position as a regular starter in the game he loved.
(A) on playing, even though he had injuries that recurred over and over again, always hoping to return back
(B) playing, in spite of recurrent injuries, always hoping to return
(C) playing, though injured over and over, and he was always hoping to return back
(D) on playing, even with injuries that recurred, and always hoped to return（B）
(E) to play, despite recurring injuries, hoping that the return
A
B
179
Q
- Biologists believe that they have found one of the substances that tell individual genes both when to become active and when to remain quiescent in the earliest phases of an embryo’s development.
(A) tell individual genes both when to become active and when to remain
(B) tell individual genes both at which time they should become active or should remain
(C) tells individual genes both when to become active or remain
(D) tells individual genes both when to become active or when to remain（A）
(E) will tell an individual gene both about when it should become active and remain
A
A
180
Q
- Bluegrass musician Bill Monroe, whose repertory, views on musical collaboration, and vocal style were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from his own.
(A) were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from
(B) influenced generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from
(C) was influential to generations of bluegrass artists, was also inspirational to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music was different significantly in comparison to
(D) was influential to generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, who included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, the music of whom differed significantly when compared to（B）
(E) were an influence on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music was significantly different from that of
A
B
181
Q
- Bob Wilber became Sidney Bechet’s student and protégé when he was nineteen and, for a few years in the 1940’s, came as close to being a carbon copy of the jazz virtuoso in performance as anyone has ever come.
(A) as anyone has ever come
(B) as anyone ever had been
(C) as anyone ever had done
(D) that anyone ever did（A）
(E) that anyone ever came
A
A
182
Q
- Bringing the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special governmentally sanctioned price increase during a period of wage and price controls.
(A) Bringing the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special governmentally sanctioned price increase during a period of wage and price controls.
(B) What brought the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special price increase that the government sanctioned during a period of wage and price controls.
(C) That which brought the ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special governmentally sanctioned price increase during a period of wage and price controls.
(D) What has brought the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special price increase that the government sanctioned during a period of wages and price controls.（B）
(E) To bring the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War, there was a special price increase during a period of wages and price controls that government sanctioned.
A
B
183
Q
- Bufo marinus toads, fierce predators that will eat frogs, lizards, and even small birds, are native to South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930’s in an attempt to control pests in the state’s vast sugarcane fields.
(A) are native to South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930’s in an attempt to control
(B) are native in South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930’s as attempts to control
(C) are natives of South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930’s in an attempt at controlling
(D) had been native to South America but were introduced to Florida during the 1930’s as an attempt at controlling（A）
(E) had been natives of South America but were introduced to Florida during the 1930’s as attempts at controlling
A
A
184
Q
- Building large new hospitals in the bistate area would constitute a wasteful use of resources, on the basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone.
(A) on the basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone
(B) on the grounds of avoiding duplicated facilities alone
(C) solely in that duplicated facilities should be avoided
(D) while the duplication of facilities should be avoided（E）
(E) if only because the duplication of facilities should be avoided
A
E
185
Q
- By 1914, ten of the western states had granted women the right to vote, but only one in the East.
(A) only one in the East
(B) only one eastern state
(C) in the East there was only one state
(D) in the East only one state did（E）
(E) only one in the East had
A
E
186
Q
- By a vote of 9 to 0, the Supreme Court awarded the Central Intelligence Agency broad discretionary powers enabling it to withhold from the public the identities of its sources of intelligence information.
(A) enabling it to withhold from the public
(B) for it to withhold from the public
(C) for withholding disclosure to the public of
(D) that enable them to withhold from public disclosure（A）
(E) that they can withhold public disclosure of
A
A
187
Q
- By analyzing the advanced olfactory apparatus of Pleistocene chordates, paleozoologists have discovered a link between the brain’s regions of scent discrimination and its regions of long-term memory storage, a link that could prove invaluable in the treatment of amnesia victims.
(A) paleozoologists have discovered a link between the brain’s regions of scent discrimination and its regions of long-term memory storage
(B) a link between the brain’s regions of scent discrimination and its regions of long-term memory storage has been discovered by paleozoologists
(C) there is a link that paleozoologists have discovered between the brain’s regions of scent discrimination and its regions of long-term memory storage
(D) the discovery of a link between the brain’s regions of scent discrimination and its regions of long-term memory storage was made by paleozoologists（A）
(E) the brain’s regions of scent discrimination and long-term memory storage have a link that was discovered by paleozoologists
A
A
188
Q
- By installing special electric pumps, farmers’ houses could be heated by the warmth from cows’ milk, according to one agricultural engineer.
(A) farmers’ houses could be heated by the warmth from cows’ milk, according to one agricultural engineer
(B) the warmth from cows’ milk could be used by farmers to heat their houses, according to one agricultural engineer
(C) one agricultural engineer reports that farmers could use the warmth from cows’ milk to heat their houses
(D) farmers, according to one agricultural engineer, could use the warmth from cows’ milk to heat their houses（D）
(E) one agricultural engineer reports that farmers’ houses could be heated by the warmth from cows’ milk
A
D
189
Q
- By offering lower prices and a menu of personal communications options, such as caller identification and voice mail, the new telecommunications company has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them to offer competitive prices.
(A) has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them
(B) has not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also forced them
(C) has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced these companies
(D) not only has captured customers from other phone companies but also these companies have been forced（C）
(E) not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also has forced them
A
C
190
Q
- By showing that South Africa does not have a free market and is in fact a kind of collectivist welfare state for Whites only, Sowell argues that American conservatives have no valid ideological grounds to be in sympathy with the Pretoria regime.
(A) to be in sympathy with
(B) to sympathize with
(C) for sympathizing with
(D) that they should sympathize with（C）
(E) that they should have sympathy for
A
C
191
Q
- By studying the primitive visual systems of single-cell aquatic organisms, biophysicists have discovered a striking similarity between algae and cows, a similarity that indicates the common evolutionary origin of plants and animals: both algae and cows produce a light-sensitive protein called rhodopsin.
(A) biophysicists have discovered a striking similarity between algae and cows
(B) a striking similarity between algae and cows has been discovered by biophysicists
(C) there is a striking similarity that biophysicists have discovered between algae and cows
(D) the discovery of a striking similarity between algae and cows was made by biophysicists（A）
(E) algae and cows have a striking similarity that was discovered by biophysicists
A
A
192
Q
- By the mid-seventeenth century, Amsterdam had built a new town hall so large that only St. Peter’s in Rome, the Escorial in Spain, and the Palazza Ducale in Venice could rival it for scale or magnificence.
(A) could rival it for
(B) were the rivals of it in their
(C) were its rival as to
(D) could be its rivals in their（A）
(E) were rivaling its
A
A
193
Q
- Byron possessed powers of observation that would have made him a great anthropologist and that makes his letters as a group the rival of the best novels of the time.
(A) makes his letters as a group the rival of
(B) makes his letters as a group one to rival
(C) makes his letters a group rivaling
(D) make his letters as a group the rival of（D）
(E) make his letters a group which is the rival of
A
D
194
Q
- Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English, Spanish and Italian words.
(A) to which has been added English, Spanish and Italian words
(B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words
(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added
(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it（C）
(E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added
A
C
195
Q
- California’s child-support payments are as high or higher than other states.
(A) as high or higher than other states
(B) at least as high as any states
(C) as high as, or higher than, those of any other state
(D) higher than any state’s, or just as high（C）
(E) higher, or as high as, other states
A
C
196
Q
- Camille Claudet worked continuously through the 1880’s and early 1890’s with the sculptor Auguste Rodin; since there are very few signed works of hers, the inescapable conclusion seems to be one of Claudet conceiving and executing part of Rodin’s enormous production of that period.
(A) inescapable conclusion seems to be one of Claudet conceiving and executing part of Rodin’s enormous production of that period
(B) conclusion of Claudet conceiving and executing part of Rodin’s enormous production of that period seems inescapable
(C) conclusion seems inescapable that part of Rodin’s enormous production of that period was conceived and executed by Claudet
(D) conclusion of part of Rodin’s enormous production of that period having been conceived and executed by Claudet seems inescapable（C）
(E) seemingly inescapable conclusion is that Claudet would have conceived and executed part of Rodin’s enormous production of that period
A
C
197
Q
- Camus broke with Sartre in a bitter dispute over the nature of Stalinism.
(A) in a bitter dispute over
(B) over bitterly disputing
(C) after there was a bitter dispute over
(D) after having bitterly disputed about（A）
(E) over a bitter dispute about
A
A
198
Q
- Canadian scientists have calculated that one human being should be struck every nine years by a meteorite, while each year sixteen buildings can be expected to sustain damage from such objects.
(A) one human being should be struck every nine years by a meteorite
(B) a human being should be struck by a meteorite once in every nine years
(C) a meteorite will strike one human being once in every nine years
(D) every nine years a human being will be struck by a meteorite（D）
(E) every nine years a human being should be struck by a meteorite
A
D
199
Q
- Car owners who inflate their tires properly can substantially boost their vehicles’ fuel efficiency, since the increase in car-road friction can waste up to five percent of car fuel by underinflation.
(A) Car owners who inflate their tires properly can substantially boost their vehicles’ fuel efficiency, since the increase in car-road friction can waste up to five percent of car fuel by underinflation.
(B) Because the underinflation of tires can waste up to five percent of a car’s fuel by increasing car-road friction, car owners can substantially boost their vehicles’ fuel efficiency by properly inflating the tires.
(C) Their vehicles’ fuel efficiency is substantially boosted by car owners through the proper inflation of tires that, when underinflated, can waste up to five percent of car fuel by an increase in car-road friction.
(D) The proper inflation of tires by car owners, due to the fact that underinflation can waste up to five percent of a car’s fuel by the increase of car-road friction, can substantially boost their fuel efficiency.（B）
(E) Because up to five percent of a car’s fuel are wasted through the increases in car-road friction when the tires are underinflated, car owners properly inflating tires can substantially boost their fuel efficiency.
A
B
200
Q
- Carbon-14 dating reveals that the megalithic monuments in Brittany are nearly 2,000 years as old as any of their supposed Mediterranean predecessors.
(A) as old as any of their supposed
(B) older than any of their supposed
(C) as old as their supposed
(D) older than any of their supposedly
(E) as old as their supposedly
A
B
201
Q
Good post? |
Atlantic ice
If the ice of Greenland and Antarctica were to melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet or more.
- If the ice of Greenland and Antarctica were to melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet or more.
- were the ice of Greenland and Antarctica to melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet.
- If the ice of Greenland and Antarctica was to melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet or more.
- If the ice of Greenland and Antarctica was melting, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet.
- Should the ice of Greenland and Antarctica melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet or more.
please explain…
A
Good post? |
IMO B
Atleast 100 feet or more (either the sea would rise atleast 100 feet or the sea would rise 100 feet or more. We cannot use both at the same time).
So that rules out all other options except B and D
I dont like D becasue it suggests that the ice is already mealting and the sea has already risen. which is not what the original sentence intended. So i would stick with B>
202
Q
The nation’s three military academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, one
fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and
improved recruiting by the academies.
(A) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private
colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies.
(B) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs that have increased at
private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting
(C) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, private colleges that increased their
tuition costs, and recruiting improvements by the academies
(D) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs increasing at private colleges,
and academies improving their recruiting
(E) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges,
and academies improving their recruiting
A
grandh01 wrote:
The nation’s three military academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, one
fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and
improved recruiting by the academies.
(A) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private
colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies.
(B) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs that have increased at
private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting
(C) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, private colleges that increased their
tuition costs, and recruiting improvements by the academies
(D) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs increasing at private colleges,
and academies improving their recruiting
(E) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges,
and academies improving their recruiting
OA is A
I’m confused with the parallelism in this sentence, someone explain please.
Thanks in advance
Focus on MEANING.
B, D and E: The academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, one fueled by…academies.
Not the intended meaning.
The rise has been fueled not by the academies themselves but by the IMPROVED RECRUITING.
Eliminate B, D and E.
C: The academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, one fueled by…private colleges.
Not the intended meaning.
The rise has been fueled not by the colleges themselves but by the INCREASING TUITION COSTS.
Eliminate C.
The correct answer is A.
203
Q
The USDA prohibits food manufacturers from labeling foods as “organic” if the foods contain antibiotics, hormones, pesticides, irradiation, or genetic modification.
A) pesticides, irradiation, or genetic modification
B) pesticides, irradiation, or nothing that has been genetically modified
C) and pesticides, or if they have been irradiated or genetically modified
D) or pesticides, or if they have been irradiated or genetically modified
E) or pesticides, and anything that has been irradiated or genetically modified
Ans) D
Please some one can explain me with construction
A
A) Pesticides, irrdiation, ( food cannot contain irradiation )
B) same as A
C)and pesticides ( use of “and” is wrong)
D) correct response
E) use of “anything” is wrong. In D “they” references food.
Hence d is the correct answer
204
Q
Atlantic ice
If the ice of Greenland and Antarctica were to melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet or more.
- If the ice of Greenland and Antarctica were to melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet or more.
- were the ice of Greenland and Antarctica to melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet.
- If the ice of Greenland and Antarctica was to melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet or more.
- If the ice of Greenland and Antarctica was melting, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet.
- Should the ice of Greenland and Antarctica melt, the sea level would rise atleast 100 feet or more.
please explain…
A
IMO B
Atleast 100 feet or more (either the sea would rise atleast 100 feet or the sea would rise 100 feet or more. We cannot use both at the same time).
So that rules out all other options except B and D
I dont like D becasue it suggests that the ice is already mealting and the sea has already risen. which is not what the original sentence intended. So i would stick with B>
205
Q
It is called a sea , but the landlocked Caspian is actually
Sun Aug 19, 2012 9:35 amThankQuoteEdit Tags
Elapsed Time: 00:00startlapstop
It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America’s Lake Superior.
A. It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers
B. Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers
C. Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering
D. Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers
E. Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering
OA : C
Can you comment on two things
(1) Why is the usage of ‘which’ in (A) and (B) incorrect ? What is wrong if ‘which’ refers to ‘the largest lake on earth’ ?
(2) I thought the usage of ‘covering’ is incorrect here . Because a Comma + verbING modifier should either describe (a)an immediate consequence of the previous clause
or (b) it should describe a simultaneous lower priority action .
But ‘covering’ doesn’t seem to be doing either operation here.
A
It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America’s Lake Superior.
A. It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers
—- which refers to Earth
B. Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers – same as (A)
C. Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering - CORRECT
D. Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers– awkward as “but it is actually” sounds better..
E. Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering – awkward as being does not fit.
However, looking forward for experts approach..
206
Q
Fossil records reveal that modern-day whales had evolved from a land-dwelling ancestor that was forced into the water when its habitat sunk at the end of the Pleistocene period.
(A) had evolved from a land-dwelling ancestor that was forced into the water when its habitat sunk at the end of the Pleistocene period
(B) had evolved from a land-dwelling ancestor that has been forced into the water by the end of the Pleistocene period when their habitat sunk
(C) evolved from a land-dwelling ancestor that had been forced into the water at the end of the Pleistocene period with the sinking of its habitat
(D) evolved from a land-dwelling ancestor that was forced into the water when its habitat sunk at the end of the Pleistocene period
(E) evolved from a land-dwelling ancestor that, at the end of the Pleistocene period, was forced into the water when their habitat had sunk
A
D
Excellent question. The reason we don’t want “that had been forced into the water” is that this action (being forced into the water) occurred simultaneously with the action of “its habitat sunk at the end of the Plestiocene period” (in the simple past tense). “When” makes this relationship clear; the first action occurred “when” the second action occurred. Choice D makes it clear that the land-dwelling ancestor was forced into the water at the time that its habitat sunk at the end of the Plesticene period. So the order of tenses is correct. As you know, the past perfect is used to indicate that one past action occurred before another past action. However, if that time relationship is made clear by other elements in the sentence (if there is NO ambiguity about which event occurred first), then we can use the simple past for both events.
For example:
I brushed my teeth after I ate dinner.
These are two past tense events, and one occurred before the other. However, we don’t use the past perfect here because “after” makes the order of events clear. So we don’t need the past perfect to make the relationship clear.
The same is true in this sentence. The temporal relationship is clear from other words in the sentence (“at the end of the Plestiocene period” and “modern-day”), and using the past perfect for “had been forced” would actually confuse the relationship because it would seem like both of the other past actions (“evolved” and “sunk”) occurred after “had been forced,” which does not accurately reflect the tense relationship.
Don’t worry too much about this quirk of the past perfect; just know that it exists so that you can recognize it. The GMAT will never ask you to choose between a correct answer using the past perfect and a correct answer not using the past perfect because of other keywords in the sentence. There will always be other errors or other problems with the tense relationship to help you make the decision.
Hope this helps!
Lara
Knewton Verbal Expert
Student question: If there had been another option, say choice F, that read “evolved from a land-dwelling ancestor that HAD FORCED into the water,” would this be better than D?
May 30, 2011 12:53 am
Ah, excellent question. Hypothetical answer choice F would not be correct. We need “been” here because this is a passive construction. Let’s start with the present tense active and passive versions (and simplify the sentence), and then use the active and passive versions to build to up the past perfect to see how this construction works.
Active vs. Passive:
“The ancestor forces into the water.”
“The ancestor is forced into the water.”
Both of these sentences are in the present tense. The second sentence has the correct meaning because we’re trying to say that something or someone else forced the ancestor into the water. So the ancestor is the object of the action “to force.” We have the verb “is” in the second sentence because this is a passive construction. If we wrote “The ancestor forces into the water,” then the ancestor would be the subject of the action “forces,” and we would be missing an object because the verb “forces” takes an object. So the first sentence is not correct, and the second sentence is correct and expresses the intended meaning.
Active (incorrect) Construction in the Present, Past, Present Perfect, and Past Perfect:
“The ancestor forces into the water.” (Present)
“The ancestor forced into the water.” (Past)
“The ancestor has forced into the water.” (Present Perfect)
“The ancestor had forced into the water.” (Past Perfect) –As you can see, this matches hypothetical answer choice F, and it is the past perfect of the incorrect construction. So choice F would not be correct.
Passive (correct) Construction in the Present, Past, Present Perfect, and Past Perfect:
“The ancestor is forced into the water.” (Present)
“The ancestor was forced into the water.” (Past)
“The ancestor has been forced into the water.” (Present Perfect)
“The ancestor had been forced into the water.” (Past Perfect). –As you can see, this matches the correct answer, choice D, and it is the past perfect of the correct construction. So this is the correct answer.
Hope this helps!
Lara
Knewton Verbal Expert
207
Q
why A not C? please explain. thanks
Qn:80
Although films about the American West depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills, in reality these gregarious creatures live in stable groups that occupy the same territory for long periods.
(A) films about the American West depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills
(B) in films about the American West coyotes are depicted to be solitary animals that howl mournfully on the tops of distant hills
(C) coyotes are depicted as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills in films about the American West
(D) films about the American West depict coyotes as if they were solitary, mournfully howling animals on the tops of distant hills
(E) films about the American West depict coyotes to be solitary and mournfully howling animals on the tops of distant hills
A
A is the best choice - correct idiom - X is depicted as Y in films (depict X as Y)
B, E - incorrect - unidiomatic
C - incorrect - passive and misplaced modifier - coyotes are depicted -
“in films” wrongly suggests that hills are in the films and not the depictions
D - incorrect - …if…usage wrong
208
Q
Hi there,
could you explain to me why A is OA
A common disability in test pilots is hearing impairment, a consequence of sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time.
(A) a consequence of sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time
(B) a consequence from sitting for long periods of time too near to large jet engines
(C) a consequence which resulted from sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time
(D) damaged from sitting too near to large jet engines for long periods of time
(E) damaged because they sat too close to large jet engines for long periods of time
A
A common disability in test pilots is hearing impairment, a consequence of sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time.
(A) a consequence of sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time(correct idiom)
(B) a consequence from sitting for long periods of time too near to large jet engines(wrong idiom)
(C) a consequence which resulted from sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time(wrong idiom)
(D) damaged from sitting too near to large jet engines for long periods of time( hearing impairment is a kind of damage, using damaged to modify hearing impairment is incorrect)
(E) damaged because they sat too close to large jet engines for long periods of time (same in d)
pls hide the OA in order to get good responses
209
Q
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should begin between one to four minutes after a cardiac arrest in order to be a success.
(A) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should begin between one to four minutes after a cardiac arrest in order to be a success.
(B) Between one and four minutes after a cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should begin to be successful.
(C) Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be begun from one to four minutes after a cardiac arrest occurs.
(D) If it is to be successful, a cardiac arrest should be treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation one to four minutes afterward.
(E) To be successful, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should begin within one to four minutes after a cardiac arrest.
A
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210
Q
- Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.
(A) which kept
(B) that keeps
(C) which has kept
(D) that has been keeping
(E) having kept
A
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211
Q
- Carpenters, dentists, sewing machine operators, needlepointers, piano players, and indeed anyone who works with their hands for long hours can get carpal tunnel syndrome.
(A) anyone who works
(B) anyone working
(C) workers
(D) those for whom work is
(E) any people who work
A
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212
Q
- Cartographers have long struggled with the problem of having the spherical Earth to draw on a flat sheet of paper.
(A) having the spherical Earth to draw on a flat sheet of paper
(B) having a flat sheet of paper on which to draw the spherical Earth
(C) how can one draw the spherical Earth on a flat sheet of paper
(D) how they could use a flat sheet of paper to draw the spherical Earth
(E) how to draw the spherical Earth on a flat sheet of paper
A
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213
Q
- Certain pesticides can become ineffective if used repeatedly in the same place; one reason is suggested by the finding that there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals.
(A) Certain pesticides can become ineffective if used repeatedly in the same place; one reason is suggested by the finding that there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals.
(B) If used repeatedly in the same place, one reason that certain pesticides can become ineffective is suggested by the finding that there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals.
(C) If used repeatedly in the same place, one reason certain pesticides can become ineffective is suggested by the finding that much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes are found in soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than those that are free of such chemicals.
(D) The finding that there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals is suggestive of one reason, if used repeatedly in the same place, certain pesticides can become ineffective.
(E) The finding of much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in those that are free of such chemicals suggests one reason certain pesticides can become ineffective if used repeatedly in the same place.
A
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214
Q
- Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so.
(A) Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore
(B) When Charles Lindbergh was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, being very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he
(C) Since he was very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, so Charles Lindbergh
(D) Being very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight was the reason that Charles Lindbergh
(E) Very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh
A
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215
Q
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a late nineteenth-century feminist, called for urban apartment houses including child-care facilities and clustered suburban houses including communal eating and social facilities.
(A) including child-care facilities and clustered suburban houses including communal eating and social facilities
(B) that included child-care facilities, and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities
(C) with child-care facilities included and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities
(D) that included child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities
(E) to include child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities included
A
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216
Q
- Chicago, where industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than any other American city, was plagued by labor troubles like the Pullman Strikes of 1894.
(A) where industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than any other American city
(B) which had industrial growth in the nineteenth century more rapid than that of other American cities
(C) which had growth industrially more rapid than any other American city in the nineteenth century
(D) whose industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than any other American city
(E) whose industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than that of any other American city
A
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217
Q
- Child prodigies are marked not so much by their skills but instead by the fact that these skills are fully developed at a very early age.
(A) but instead
(B) rather than
(C) than
(D) as
(E) so much as
A
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218
Q
- Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame.
(A) each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its
(B) all the characters a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
(C) all the characters a miniature calligraphic composition inside its
(D) every character a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
(E) each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
A
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219
Q
- Chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts present considerable environmental risk during offshore oil drilling.
(A) Chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts present considerable environmental risk during offshore oil drilling.
(B) The reason offshore oil drilling presents a considerably environmental risk is because of chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts.
(C) A considerable risk to the environment is presented during offshore oil drilling, where low-level leaks are chronic and the routine discharge of mud and mineral salts.
(D) Offshore oil drilling presents a considerable risk to the environment due to the fact of chronic low-level leaks, and mud and mineral salts are routinely discharged.
(E) Chronic low-level leaking, along with the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts, are what make offshore oil drilling environmentally risky.
A
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220
Q
- Citing evidence that the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has increased more than seven percent in the last 30 years, many scientists have expressed a fear of destroying forests and continued use of fossil fuels will cause an irreversible shift in Earth’s climatic pattern.
(A) many scientists have expressed a fear of destroying forests and continued use of
(B) many scientists have expressed a fear that destruction of forests and continued use of
(C) many scientists have expressed a fear that destruction of forests and continually using
(D) a fear that many scientists have expressed is that destroying forests and continually using
(E) a fear that many scientists have expressed is that destruction of forests and continual using of
A
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221
Q
- Clark and Florence Wallace, a husband-and-wife medical team, worked steadily and efficiently through the night, but sipping their coffee the next morning, she noticed that he seemed disoriented.
(A) sipping their coffee the next morning, she noticed that he seemed disoriented
(B) sipping their coffee the next morning, he seemed to be disoriented, she noticed
(C) as they sipped their coffee the next morning, she noticed that he seemed disoriented
(D) as they were sipping their coffee the next morning, he seemed, she noticed, disoriented
(E) he seemed disoriented, she noticed, sipping their coffee the next morning
A
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222
Q
- Climatic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the weather.
(A) so gradual as to be indistinguishable
(B) so gradual they can be indistinguishable
(C) so gradual that they are unable to be distinguished
(D) gradual enough not to be distinguishable
(E) gradual enough so that one cannot distinguish them
A
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223
Q
- Comparing the Quechans with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans were singularly uninterested in the accumulation of material wealth or in the crafting of elaborate pottery and basketry.
(A) Comparing the Quechans with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans
(B) When you compare the Quechans to other Native Americans of the Southwest, they
(C) When other Native Americans of the Southwest are compared to the Quechans, they
(D) Comparison to other Native Americans of the Southwest shows that the Quechans
(E) Compared with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans
A
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224
Q
- Computers are becoming faster, more powerful, and more reliable, and so too are modems, they are the devices to allow two or more computers to share information over regular telephone lines.
(A) so too are modems, they are the devices to allow
(B) so too are modems, the devices that allow
(C) so too modems, the devices allowing
(D) also modems, they are the devices that allow
(E) also modems, which are the devices to allow
A
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225
Q
- Concerned at the increase in accident fatalities, Tennessee adopted a child-passenger protection law requiring the parents of children under four years of age to be restrained in a child safety seat.
(A) the parents of children under four years of age to be restrained in a child safety seat
(B) the restraint of parents of children under four years of age in a child safety seat
(C) that parents restrain children under four years of age in a child safety seat
(D) that children be restrained under four years of age in a child safety seat by their parents
(E) children to be restrained under four years of age by their parents in a child safety seat
A
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226
Q
- Confused by the many strata and substrata of ancient civilizations overlying one another, Schliemann’s excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, were temporarily called to a halt.
(A) Schliemann’s excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, were temporarily called to a halt
(B) Schliemann’s excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, temporarily halted
(C) Schliemann temporarily halted his excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy
(D) excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy, were temporarily halted by Schliemann
(E) excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, and of the ancient Troy, were temporarily halted by Schliemann
A
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227
Q
- Congress is debating a bill requiring certain employers provide workers with unpaid leave so as to care for sick or newborn children.
(A) provide workers with unpaid leave so as to
(B) to provide workers with unpaid leave so as to
(C) provide workers with unpaid leave in order that they
(D) to provide workers with unpaid leave so that they can
(E) provide workers with unpaid leave and
A
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228
Q
- Constance Horner, chief of the United States government’s personnel agency, has recommended that the use of any dangerous or illegal drug in the five years prior to application for a job be grounds for not hiring an applicant.
(A) the use of any dangerous or illegal drug in the five years prior to application for a job be grounds for not hiring an applicant
(B) any dangerous or illegal drug, if used in the five years prior to applying for a job, should be grounds not to hire the applicant
(C) an applicant’s use of any dangerous or illegal drug in the five years prior to application for a job be grounds not to hire them
(D) an applicant’s use of any dangerous or illegal drug in the five years prior to applying for a job are grounds that they not be hired
(E) for five years prior to applying for a job, an applicant’s use of any dangerous or illegal drug be grounds for not hiring them
A
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229
Q
- Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.
(A) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be
(B) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being
(C) A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being
(D) A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as
(E) Household cleaning products may not be thought of, by consumers, as
A
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230
Q
- Contrary to earlier conjectures, it may be that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of burning fossil fuels would cool the globe by reducing the amount of solar energy absorbed by snow.
(A) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of burning
(B) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of
(C) increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from the combustion of
(D) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that increase from burning
(E) atmospheric carbon dioxide that increased from burning
A
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231
Q
- Contrary to popular belief, victors in the ancient Greek Olympic Games received cash prizes in addition to their laurel wreaths.
(A) Contrary to
(B) In contrast with
(C) Opposite of
(D) Unlike
(E) In spite of
A
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232
Q
- Contrary to popular opinion, the movement toward a service economy is leading neither to lower standards of living, more of an unequal distribution of income, or displacing the physical production of goods.
(A) leading neither to lower standards of living, more of an unequal distribution of income, or
(B) leading neither to lower standards of living nor a more unequal distribution of income, or
(C) not leading to either lower standards of living nor to more of an unequal distribution of income, and neither is it
(D) not leading to lower standards of living, more of an unequal distribution of income, and it is not
(E) not leading to lower standards of living or to a more unequal distribution of income, nor is it
A
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233
Q
- Convinced at last of the soundness of her advice, the villagers tried crop rotation, built crude sanitary facilities, and even the use of goat’s milk for the making of cheese.
(A) the use of goat’s milk for the making of cheese
(B) used goat’s milk to make cheese
(C) the use of goat’s milk in cheese making
(D) making cheese from goat’s milk
(E) goat’s milk to make cheese
A
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234
Q
- Cooperative apartment houses have the peculiar distinction of being dwellings that must also operate as businesses.
(A) of being dwellings that must also operate as businesses
(B) of dwellings that must also operate like business
(C) that they are dwellings that must operate like business
(D) that, as dwellings, they must also operate like businesses
(E) to be a dwelling that must also operate as a business
A
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235
Q
- Coronary angiography, a sophisticated method for diagnosing coronary disease involving the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the heart, is now administered selectively, because it uses x-rays to observe cardiac function.
(A) for diagnosing coronary disease involving the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the heart, is now administered selectively, because it uses
(B) for diagnosing coronary disease involving the introduction of a dye into the arteries of heart, is now administered selectively, because of using
(C) for diagnosing coronary disease, involves the introduction of dye into the arteries of the heart and is now administered selectively, because it uses
(D) to diagnose coronary disease that involves the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the heart, is now administered selectively, because it uses
(E) to diagnose coronary disease involving the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the heart, which is now administered selectively, uses
A
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236
Q
- Corporations will soon be required to report to the government whether they have the necessary reserves to pay the pension benefits earned by their employees and that the information be published in annual reports to shareholders.
(A) earned by their employees and that the information be published
(B) that their employees earned and that the information be published
(C) that was earned by their employees with the information being published
(D) earned by their employees, information that must also be published
(E) earned by their employees and published the information
A
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237
Q
- Crises in international diplomacy do not always result from malice; for nations, like individuals, can find themselves locked into difficult positions, unable to back down.
(A) do not always result from malice; for nations, like individuals, can find
(B) do not always results from malice; nations, just as individuals, finding
(C) do not always results from malice; nations, such as individuals, can find
(D) aren’t always the results of malice; nations in the same way that individuals can find
(E) aren’t resulting always from malice; just like individuals who can find
A
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238
Q
- Critics of the trend toward privately operated prisons consider corrections facilities to be an integral part of the criminal justice system and question if profits should be made from incarceration.
(A) to be an integral part of the criminal justice system and question if
(B) as an integral part of the criminal justice system and they question if
(C) as being an integral part of the criminal justice system and question whether
(D) an integral part of the criminal justice system and question whether
(E) are an integral part of the criminal justice system, and they question whether
A
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239
Q
- Cut-paper design, a popular pastime of Colonial women, became an art form in the hands of Abigail Lefferts Lloyd, a Revolutionary War heroine.
(A) design, a popular pastime of colonial women, became an art form in the hands of
(B) design, a popular Colonial women’s pastime, and it became an art form in the hands of
(C) design was a popular pastime for Colonial women, then it became an art form in the hands of
(D) design is a popular pastime of Colonial women that has become an art form by
(E) design, the popular Colonial pastime, became an art form for
A
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240
Q
- Dance fans knew Tamara Geva as a soloist in several Ballanchine works, a dancer who introduced his choreography to the United States, and as a star in Broadway theater.
(A) a dancer who introduced
(B) as a dancer which introduced
(C) the dancer to introduce
(D) who introduced
(E) as the dancer who introduced
A
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241
Q
- Darwin was not the first to advance a theory of evolution; his tremendous originality lay in the fact that he proposed the idea of natural selection as the means by which evolution worked.
(A) lay in the fact that he proposed the idea
(B) lay in the fact of his proposing the idea
(C) laid in the fact of his proposing the idea
(D) laid in his proposal
(E) lay in his proposal
A
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242
Q
- Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is
(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is
(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is
(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are
A
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243
Q
- Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their clients’ misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested, but in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for their actions.
(A) in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy
(B) if criminal or delinquent behavior is attributed to an allergy to some food
(C) in attributing behavior that is criminal or delinquent to an allergy to some food
(D) if some food allergy is attributed as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior
(E) in attributing a food allergy as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior
A
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244
Q
- Degler does more than merely summarizing existing research; he constructs a coherent picture of two centuries of studies dealing with the changing roles of women.
(A) Degler does more than merely summarizing
(B) Deglers study is more than a mere summarizing of
(C) Degler has done more than a mere summarizing of
(D) Deglers study has done more than summarize merely
(E) Degler does more than merely summarize
A
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245
Q
- Delighted by the reported earnings for the first quarter of the fiscal year, it was decided by the company manager to give her staff a raise.
(A) it was decided by the company manager to give her staff a raise
(B) the decision of the company manager was to give her staff a raise
(C) the company manager decided to give her staff a raise
(D) the staff was given a raise by the company manager
(E) a raise was given to the staff by the company manager
A
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246
Q
- Dental caries and gingivitis can be exacerbated not only by the foods patients eat but also by when the patients eat them.
(A) not only by the foods patients eat but also by when the patients eat them
(B) by not only the foods patients eat but also by when the patients eat them
(C) not only by the foods patients eat but also by time when the foods are eaten
(D) by not only the foods that are eaten by patients but also by the times the foods are eaten
(E) not only by what patients eat but also by when they eat it
A
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247
Q
- Despite its attractiveness, investing abroad can still pose big risks, ranging from the potential for political instability in some countries to the shortage of regulations to protect investors and a serious lack of information about investments in others.
(A) to the shortage of regulations to protect investors and a serious lack of information about investments in others
(B) to the shortage of regulations to protect investors and in others a serious lack of information about investments
(C) and the shortage of regulations to protect investors and a serious lack of information about investments in others
(D) and the shortage of regulations to protect investors to a serious lack of information about investments in others
(E) to the shortage of regulations to protect investors in others and a serious lack of information about investments
A
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248
Q
- Despite no proof that the consumption of any particular foods reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods could help reverse blockage of coronary arteries, the blood vessels that feed the heart.
(A) Despite no proof that the consumption of any particular foods reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods could
(B) Despite no foods having been proved to reverse hardening of the arteries when consumed, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods can
(C) Although the consumption of no particular foods have been proved to reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that to refrain from eating certain foods could
(D) Although not proved that the consumption of any foods reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods can
(E) Although it has not been proved that the consumption of any particular food will reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods can
A
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249
Q
- Despite protests from some waste-disposal companies, state health officials have ordered the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches to be measured and that the results be published.
(A) the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches to be measured and that the results be
(B) that seawater at popular beaches should be measured for their levels of bacteria, with the results being
(C) the measure of levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches and the results to be
(D) seawater measured at popular beaches for levels of bacteria, with their results
(E) that the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches be measured and the results
A
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250
Q
- Despite the recent election of a woman to the office of prime minister, the status of women in Pakistan is little changed from how it was in the last century.
(A) is little changed from how it was
(B) is a little change from how it was
(C) has changed little
(D) has changed little from how it has been
(E) is little changed from the way it was
A
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251
Q
- Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.
(A) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is
(B) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, are
(C) should they repudiate a significant number of these debts, are
(D) if there is a repudiation of a significant number of these debts, would be
(E) if a significant number of these debts will be repudiated, is
A
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252
Q
- Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads.
(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads
(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do
(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do
(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads
(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads
A
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253
Q
- Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wage of housepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking-lot attendants and library assistants.
(A) paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly female have
(B) paid in occupations that are predominantly make over those that are predominantly female have
(C) that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have
(D) that favors predominantly male occupations over those that are predominantly female has
(E) paid in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has
A
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254
Q
- Displays of the aurora borealis, or “northern lights,” can heat the atmosphere over the arctic enough to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce electric currents that can cause blackouts in some areas and corrosion in north-south pipelines.
(A) to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce
(B) that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected, induce
(C) that it affects the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induces
(D) that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected and induces
(E) to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles and induce
A
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255
Q
- Distinguished architecture requires the expenditure of large sums of money, even if it is by no means certain that the expenditure of large sums of money produce distinguished architecture.
(A) even if it is by no means certain that the expenditure of large sums of money produce
(B) even if it is by no means certain that the expenditure of large sums of money will produce
(C) even though there is no certainty that the expenditure of money in large sums produces
(D) even though it is by no means certain that the expenditure of large sums of money produces
(E) though there is no certainty as to the expenditure of money in large sums producing
A
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256
Q
- Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases.
(A) not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate
(B) do damage by themselves but also are aggravating to
(C) are damaging by themselves but also are aggravating
(D) not only do damage by themselves, they are also aggravating to
(E) are doing damage by themselves, and they are also aggravating
A
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257
Q
- Doctors still know little about how the Listeria bacterium is spread and why the disease it causes, listeriosis, afflicts some people in a contaminated area though it spares many others.
(A) though it spares
(B) where it spares
(C) despite sparing
(D) when sparing
(E) while sparing
A
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258
Q
- Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars into research to develop cars more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road.
(A) into research to develop cars more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road
(B) into research for developing even more gasoline-efficient cars on the road than at present
(C) for research for cars to be developed that are more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road
(D) in research to develop cars even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road
(E) in research for developing cars that are even more gasoline-efficient than presently on the road
A
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259
Q
- Downzoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density, allows for more open space in areas where little water or services exist.
(A) little water or services exist
(B) little water or services exists
(C) few services and little water exists
(D) there is little water or services available
(E) there are few services and little available water
A
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260
Q
- Dr. Hakutas research among Hispanic children in the United States indicates that the more the children use both Spanish and English, their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic.
(A) their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic
(B) their intellectual advantage is the greater in skills underlaying reading ability and nonverbal logic
(C) the greater their intellectual advantage in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic
(D) in skills that underlay reading ability and nonverbal logic, their intellectual advantage is the greater
(E) in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic, the greater intellectual advantage is theirs
A
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261
Q
- Dr. Hegsted argues that just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio, mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of press eating habits.
(A) just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio
(B) like polio vaccine, which is given to every person to protect the few who might contract polio
(C) similar to polio vaccine which is given to every person in order to protect the few who might actually contract polio
(D) while, to protect the few who might actually contract polio, polio vaccine is given to every person
(E) similar to the giving of polio vaccine to every person in order to protect the few who might contract polio actually
A
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262
Q
- Dr. Sayre’s lecture recounted several little-known episodes in the relations between nations that illustrates what is wrong with alliances and treaties that do not have popular support.
(A) relations between nations that illustrates
(B) relation of one nation with another that illustrates
(C) relations between nations that illustrate
(D) relation of one nation with another and illustrate
(E) relations of nations that illustrates
A
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263
Q
- Dr. Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at an invading microbe or foreign substance.
(A) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at
(B) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically to
(C) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, all specifically targeted at
(D) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, all of them targeted specifically to
(E) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically at
A
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264
Q
- During an era when interracial tensions in the United States have run high, Rosa Parks became a quiet, unassuming symbol of the continued struggle for human dignity.
(A) have run high
(B) ran high
(C) had run highly
(D) run high
(E) were running highly
A
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265
Q
- During an ice age, the buildup of ice at the poles and the drop in water levels near the equator speed up the Earth’s rotation, like a spinning figure skater whose speed increases when her arms are drawn in.
(A) like a spinning figure skater whose speed increases when her arms are drawn in
(B) like the increased speed of a figure skater when her arms are drawn in
(C) like a figure skater who increases speed while spinning with her arms drawn in
(D) just as a spinning figure skater who increases speed by drawing in her arms
(E) just as a spinning figure skater increases speed by drawing in her arms
A
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266
Q
- During her lecture the speaker used map to clarify directional terms, for not everyone in attendance was knowledgeable that winds are designated by the direction from which they come.
(A) or not everyone in attendance was knowledgeable
(B) for everyone in attendance did not know
(C) with everyone in attendance not knowing
(D) with everyone attending not knowledgeable
(E) for not everyone attending knew
A
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267
Q
- During Roosevelt’s years in office Black Americans began voting for Democrats rather than Republicans in national elections, but Black support for Democrats at the state and local levels developed only after when civil rights legislation was supported by Harry Truman.
(A) developed only after when civil rights legislation was supported by Harry Truman
(B) developed only after when Harry Truman supported civil rights legislation
(C) developed only after Harry Truman’s support of civil rights legislation
(D) develops only at the time after the supporting of civil rights legislation by Harry Truman
(E) developed only after there being Harry Truman’s support of civil rights legislation
A
G
268
Q
- During the 1980’s approximately $50 billion in private investment capital is estimated to have left Mexico and added to the strain on the country’s debt-ridden economy.
(A) During the 1980’s approximately $50 billion in private investment capital is estimated to have left Mexico and added
(B) During the 1980’s it is estimated that approximately $50 billion in private investment capital left Mexico and added
(C) It is estimated that there was approximately $50 billion in private investment capital that left Mexico during the 1980’s and added
(D) It is estimated that during the 1980’s approximately $50 billion in private investment capital left Mexico, adding
(E) Approximately $50 billion in private investment capital is estimated as having left Mexico during the 1980’s, adding
A
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269
Q
- During the 1980s it became clear that soliciting private funds was far more efficient for environmentalists who sought financial aid than to go to state or federal agencies.
(A) that soliciting private funds was far more efficient for environmentalists who sought financial aid
(B) that for environmentalists who sought financial aid, it was far more efficient to solicit private funds
(C) that for environmentalists seeking financial aid, private organizations were far more efficient to go to
(D) for environmentalists seeking financial aid, going to private organizations was far more efficient
(E) for environmentalists who sought financial aid, private organizations were far more efficient
A
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270
Q
- During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as “wilderness” by the newcomers, Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.
(A) Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of
(B) Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of
(C) Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue
(D) having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped the rescue of
(E) knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue
A
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271
Q
- During the first nine months of 1979, textbook publishers incurred substantial costs for creating products that, due to a decline in public funding for instructional material, never were sold.
(A) funding for instructional material, never were
(B) funding for instructional material, never was
(C) funding, the instructional material, was never
(D) funding for instructional material, the products were never
(E) funding, they were never
A
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272
Q
- During the first one hundred fifty years of the existence of this republic, no one expected the press was fair; newspapers were mostly shrill, scurrilous, and partisan.
(A) was
(B) to be
(C) of being
(D) should be
(E) had to be
A
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273
Q
- During the first year after the corporate reorganization, no one considered the management was well-organized; managers were largely untrained and directionless.
(A) was well-organized
(B) well-organized
(C) were well-organized
(D) seemed to be well-organized
(E) seemed well-organized
A
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274
Q
- During the Great Depression, industrial output fell by nearly fifty percent from its peak in 1929 down to its nadir in 1933.
(A) During the Great Depression, industrial output fell by nearly fifty percent from its peak in 1929 down to its nadir in 1933.
(B) During the Great Depression, industrial output fell by nearly fifty percent from its peak in 1929 to its nadir in 1933.
(C) At the time of the Great Depression, industrial output fell by almost fifty percent from its 1929 peak down to its 1933 nadir.
(D) At the time of the Great Depression, industrial output fell from its peak in 1929, by nearly fifty percent, to it nadir in 1933.
(E) During the Great Depression, industrial output fell from its peak in 1929 to its nadir in 1933 by nearly fifty percent.
A
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275
Q
- During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India, sketching and keeping journals forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had visited.
(A) forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had
(B) that were forming the basis of news reports about the princely states
(C) to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they have
(D) which had formed the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had
(E) that formed the basis of news reports about the princely states they
A
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276
Q
- During the recession of 1973, home mortgage foreclosures resulted in tens of thousands of Americans being evicted from homes that they can no longer afford monthly payments.
(A) that they can
(B) that they could
(C) on which they can
(D) because they can
(E) for which they could
A
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277
Q
- During the Renaissance, scholars were uncertain as to the location of Troy, and by the eighteenth century many historians doubted that Troy had ever existed.
(A) doubted that Troy had ever existed
(B) doubt that Troy has ever existed
(C) were in doubt as to the existence of Troy
(D) were doubtful concerning Troy’s existence
(E) had doubts about Troy’s ever existing
A
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278
Q
- Each of Hemingway’s wives—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—were strong and interesting women, very different from the often pallid women who populate his novels.
(A) Each of Hemingway’s wives—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—were strong and interesting women,
(B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—each of them Hemingway’s wives—were strong and interesting women,
(C) Hemingway’s wives—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—were all strong and interesting women,
(D) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—each a wife of Hemingway, was
(E) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—every one of Hemingway’s wives were
A
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279
Q
- Eaten in the Mediterranean countries, northern Europeans viewed the tomato with suspicion, for they assumed it had poisonous properties because of its relationship to deadly nightshade.
(A) northern Europeans viewed the tomato with suspicion, for they
(B) northern Europeans were suspicious of the tomato, and they
(C) the tomato was viewed with suspicion by northern Europeans, who
(D) the tomato was suspicious to northern Europeans, and it was
(E) the tomato was viewed with suspicion by northern Europeans, it being
A
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280
Q
- Eating saltwater fish may significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, according to three research studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
(A) significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for
(B) be significant in reducing the risk of heart attacks and aid for
(C) significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and aid
(D) cause a significant reduction in the risk of heart attacks and aid to
(E) significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks as well as aiding
A
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281
Q
- Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts, a major goal of education reformers and many states in the 1970’s, has not significantly reduced the gaps existing between the richest and poorest districts.
(A) has not significantly reduced the gaps existing
(B) has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists
(C) has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists
(D) have not significantly reduced the gap that exists
(E) have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps existing
A
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282
Q
- Egyptians are credited as having pioneered embalming methods as long ago as 2650 B.C.
(A) as having
(B) with having
(C) to have
(D) as the ones who
(E) for being the ones who
A
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283
Q
- El Nino, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east.
(A) a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated
(B) a phenomenon where changes in the ocean and atmosphere are combining to allow the warm water that is accumulating
(C) a phenomenon in which ocean and atmosphere changes combine and which allows the warm water that is accumulated
(D) is a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine to allow the warm water that has accumulated
(E) is a phenomenon where ocean and atmosphere changes are combining and allow the warm water accumulating
A
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284
Q
- Erasmus Montanus, a seventeenth-century farce written by Ludwig Holberg, both predates and resembles Moliere’s Tartuffe and is therefore thought to be one of Moliere’s sources.
(A) both predates and resembles
(B) it both predates and resembles
(C) both predated and resembles
(D) has both predated and resembled
(E) because it both predated and resembled
A
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285
Q
- Europe’s travel industry is suffering as a result of a sluggish economy, a stretch of bad weather, as well as the chilling effects of terrorist activity that is persistent.
(A) as well as the chilling effects of terrorist activity that is persistent
(B) and the chilling effect of terrorist activity that is persistent
(C) but persistent terrorist activity has had a chilling effect too
(D) and the chilling effects of persistent terrorist activity
(E) as well as the chilling effects of terrorist activity that persists
A
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286
Q
- Europeans have long known that eating quail sometimes makes the eater ill, but only recently has it been established that the illness is caused by a toxin present in the quail’s body only under certain conditions.
(A) Europeans have long known that eating quail sometimes makes
(B) Europeans have long known quail eating is sometimes able to make
(C) Eating quail has long been known to Europeans to sometimes make
(D) It has long been known to Europeans that quail eating will sometimes make
(E) It has long been known to Europeans that quail, when it is eaten, has sometimes made
A
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287
Q
- Even as they never forgave the Crusaders who overran their homeland, the Syrians have never absolved the French for taking territory from them.
(A) Even as they never forgave
(B) While they never forgave
(C) Just like they never forgave
(D) Similarly to not forgiving
(E) In spite of their never forgiving
A
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288
Q
- Even astronomers were amazed at the success of the Neptune flyby, which produced a photograph of a previously undetected moon; this is likely to result in increased governmental support for the hitherto neglected U.S. space program.
(A) this is likely to result in
(B) that will cause
(C) and which is likely to result in
(D) this success is likely to result in
(E) it is likely to result with
A
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289
Q
- Even their most ardent champions concede that no less than a technical or scientific breakthrough is necessary before solar cells can meet the goal of providing one percent of the nation’s energy needs.
(A) that no less than a technical or scientific breakthrough is necessary
(B) that nothing other than a technical or scientific breakthrough is needed
(C) that a technical or scientific breakthrough is necessary
(D) the necessity for an occurrence of a technical or scientific breakthrough
(E) the necessity for a technical or scientific breakthrough occurring
A
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290
Q
- Even though Béla Bartoks music has proved less popular than Igor Stravinsky’s and less influential than Arnold Schonbergs, it is no less important.
(A) Stravinsky’s and less influential than Arnold Schonbergs, it
(B) Stravinsky’s and less influential than Arnold Schonberg’s, he
(C) Stravinsky’s is and less influential than Arnold Schonberg’s is, it
(D) Stravinsky and not as influential as Arnold Schonberg, he
(E) Stravinsky and not as influential as Arnold Schonberg, it
A
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291
Q
- Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during two decades, stringent rationing and planned distribution have allowed the People’s Republic of China to ensure nutritional levels of 2,000 calories per person per day for its population.
(A) Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during
(B) Even though its per capita food supply has hardly increased in
(C) Despite its per capita food supply hardly increasing over
(D) Despite there being hardly any increase in its per capita food supply during
(E) Although there is hardly any increase in per capita food supply for
A
G
292
Q
- Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounts to a sum lower than one percent of the $541 billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctors say fear of lawsuits plays major role in health-care inflation.
(A) amounts to a sum lower
(B) amounts to less
(C) amounted to less
(D) amounted to lower
(E) amounted to a lower sum
A
G
293
Q
- Even though the state has spent ten years and seven million dollars planning a reservoir along the Ubi River, the project will have to be abandoned as a result of the river becoming so heavily polluted.
(A) will have to be abandoned as a result of the river becoming so heavily polluted
(B) is to be abandoned on account of the heavy pollution which the river received
(C) had to be abandoned because the river had received such heavy pollution
(D) has to be abandoned because of the river and its heavy pollution
(E) must be abandoned because the river has become so heavily polluted
A
G
294
Q
- Even today, a century after Pasteur developed the first vaccine, rabies almost always kills its victims unless inoculated in the earliest stages of the disease.
(A) its victims unless inoculated
(B) its victims unless they are inoculated
(C) its victims unless inoculation is done
(D) the victims unless there is an inoculation
(E) the victims unless inoculated
A
G
295
Q
- Everyone participating in the early sociological study committed a crucial methodological error by failing to fully consider alternative ways of classifying their data.
(A) by failing to fully consider alternative ways of classifying their
(B) by failing fully to consider alternative ways of classifying their
(C) they failed to consider alternative ways to classify their
(D) by not fully considering alternative ways to classify the
(E) by not considering fully alternative ways of classifying his or her
A
G
296
Q
- Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged in 1911, Scott Joplins ragtime opera Treemonisha was not produced until 1972, sixty-one years after its completion.
(A) Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged
(B) Except for a concert performance with the composer himself staging it
(C) Besides a concert performance being staged by the composer himself
(D) Excepting a concert performance that the composer himself staged
(E) With the exception of a concert performance with the staging done by the composer himself
A
G
297
Q
- Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.
(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of
(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business
(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of
(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business
(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business
A
G
298
Q
- Faced with an estimated $2 billion budget gap, the city’s mayor proposed a nearly 17 percent reduction in the amount allocated the previous year to maintain the city’s major cultural institutions and to subsidize hundreds of local arts groups.
(A) proposed a nearly 17 percent reduction in the amount allocated the previous year to maintain the city’s major cultural institutions and to subsidize
(B) proposed a reduction from the previous year of nearly 17 percent in the amount it was allocating to maintain the city’s major cultural institutions and for subsidizing
(C) proposed to reduce, by nearly 17 percent, the amount from the previous year that was allocated for the maintenance of the city’s major cultural institutions and to subsidize
(D) has proposed a reduction from the previous year of nearly 17 percent of the amount it was allocating for maintaining the city’s major cultural institutions, and to subsidize
(E) was proposing that the amount they were allocating be reduced by nearly 17 percent from the previous year for maintaining the city’s major cultural institutions and for the subsidization
A
G
299
Q
- Factory outlet stores, operated by manufacturers, are usually located miles from downtown and regional shopping centers so as not directly to be competitive against department stores in the same trading area.
(A) so as not directly to be competitive against
(B) in order for them not to have direct competition with
(C) so that they do not compete directly with
(D) in order that they are not directly competitive against
(E) for the purpose of not competing directly with
A
G
300
Q
- Federal authorities involved in the investigation have found the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are suspicious of strangers.
(A) the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are
(B) local witnesses to be difficult to locate, reticent, and are
(C) that local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and
(D) local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are
(E) that local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are
A
G
301
Q
- Federal incentives now encourage investing capital in commercial office buildings despite vacancy rates in existing structures that are exceptionally high and no demand for new construction.
(A) investing capital in commercial office buildings despite vacancy rates in existing structures that are exceptionally high and
(B) capital investment in commercial office buildings, even though vacancy rates in existing structures are exceptionally high and there is
(C) capital to be invested in commercial office buildings even though there are exceptionally high vacancy rates in existing structures with
(D) investing capital in commercial office buildings even though the vacancy rates are exceptionally high in existing structures with
(E) capital investment in commercial office buildings despite vacancy rates in existing structures that are exceptionally high, and although there is
A
G
302
Q
- Federal legislation establishing a fund for the cleanup of sites damaged by toxic chemicals permits compensating state governments for damage to their natural resources but does not allow claims for injury to people.
(A) compensating state governments for damage to
(B) compensating state governments for the damaging of
(C) giving state governments compensation for damaging
(D) giving compensation to state governments for the damage of
(E) the giving of compensation to state governments for damaging
A
G
