Sensory + Rest and Sleep

Question 1

What is the difference between Presbyopia and Presbycubis?

Answer 1

1) Presbyopia - Changes in the eyes due to old age.

2) Presbycubis - Changes in the ears due to old age.

Question 2

What is Stereognosis? Which disease affects this sense?

Answer 2

1) Stereognosis - The sense that perceives the solidity of objects, their size, shape and texture.
2) It is one of the first senses to go with Alzheimer’s

Question 3

What are the 7 different states of Consciousness?

Answer 3

1) Delirium
2) Dementia
3) Confusion
4) Normal Consciousness
5) Somnolence
6) Minimal Consciousness
7) Locked-in Sndrome

Question 4

What are the SxS of Delirium? is it temporary or permanent?

Answer 4

1) Disorientation
2) Restlessness
3) Confusion
4) Hallucinations
5) Agitation
6) Alternating with other states of consciousness

*Delirium is temporary

Question 5

A person with dementia will have difficulties with what tasks? Is dementia temporary or permanent?

Answer 5

Difficulties with:

1) Spatial Orientation
2) Memory
3) Language
4) Changes in personality
* It is permanent

Question 6

What are the characteristics that describe confusion?

Answer 6

1) Reduced awareness
2) Easily Distracted
3) Easily startled by sensory stimuli
4) Alternates between drowsiness and sensory stimuli
5) Resembles minor form of delirium state.

Question 7

Describe Somnolence

Answer 7

The person is extremely drowsy, but will respond to normal stimuli

Question 8

Describe “Minimally Conscious States”

Answer 8

1) Part consciousness
2) Sleep-wake cycles present
3) Some motor function
4) Includes automatic movements
5) Inconsistently follows commands

Question 9

Describe “Locked-in Syndrome”

Answer 9

1) Full consciousness
2) Sleep-wake cycles present
3) Quadriplegic
4) Auditory and visual function preserved
5) Emotion preserved

Question 10

Name the four unconscious states and describe each one?

Answer 10

1) Asleep - Can be aroused by normal stimuli
2) Stupor - Can be aroused by extreme and/or repeated stimuli
3) Coma - Can not be aroused and does not respond to stimuli
4) Vegetative State - Cannot be aroused. Sleep-wake cycles, postures or withdraws to noxious stimuli, occasional non-purposeful movement, and random smiling or grimacing.

Question 11

What are the 3 components of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

Answer 11

1) Eye Opening
2) Motor Response
3) Verbal Response

Question 12

How is “Eye Opening” scored on the Glasgow Come Scale?

Answer 12

4 = Spontaneous
3 = To verbal command
2 = To pain
1 = No response

Question 13

How is “Motor Response” scored on the Glasgow Come Scale?

Answer 13

6 = To verbal command
5 = To localized pain
4 = Flexes/withdraws
3 = Flexes abnormally
2 = Extends abnormally
1 = No response

Question 14

How is “Verbal Response” scored on the Glasgow Come Scale?

Answer 14

5 = Oriented/Talks
4 = Disoriented/Talks
3 = Inappropriate words
2 = Incomprehensible sounds
1 = No response

Question 15

What score on the Glasgow Coma Scale defines a coma?

Answer 15

A score of 7 or less

Question 16

Name 8 factors that can affect a person’s state of awareness.

Answer 16

1) Inadequate blood flow
2) Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
3) Altered nutrition and metabolism
4) Infectious process
5) Inadequate sleep and rest
6) Inability to organize incoming stimuli
7) Dementia
8) Sensory alterations and deficits

Question 17

When assessing swallowing capabilities, which cranial nerve is being tested?

Answer 17

Cranial Nerve X - Vagus Nerve

Question 18

Cerebellar function includes what human responses and how can you assess this function?

Answer 18

1) Cerebellar response includes balance, coordination and fine motor skills.
2) Cerebellar function can be assessed by having the PT touch each finger to their thumb, also you can assess for ataxia.

Question 19

What is Ataxia and what two tests can be used to assess for it?

Answer 19

1) Ataxia - Loss of voluntary control of muscles which is controlled by the cerebellum.
2) You can use te pronator drift or Ronburg Test to assess for it.

Question 20

How do Alzheimer’s dementia and confusion affect memory differently?

Answer 20

1) Alzheimer’s dementia - Short-term memory is lost

2) Depression - PT’s can block out long-term memory

Question 21

(T/F) Deceased DTR in the older adult is a normal part of aging

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The Mini-Menta State Exam can be used to diagnose what 2 conditions?

Answer 22

1) Dementia

2) Delirium

Question 23

The Mini-Mental State Exam tests what 6 parameters?

Answer 23

1) Orientation
2) Short-term memory
3) Attention
4) Ability to perform calculations
5) Language
6) Construction

Question 24

The Mini-Mental State Exam cannot be used if the patient cannot do what activities?

Answer 24

1) Read
2) Write
3) Speak English

Question 25

What are the physiological effects of sleep deprivation?

Answer 25

1) Impaired glucose-lowering effects of insulin despite normal insulin levels
2) Alter insulin secretion by the pancreas
3) May affect the body’s ability to metabolize glucose which can lead to early-stage Diabetes type 2
4) ⬇ TSH
5) ⬇ Growth hormone
6) ⬆ Corticosteroid level
7) ⬇ Leptin levels

Question 26

What are the psychological effects of sleep deprivation?

Answer 26

1) Memory loss
2) Intellectual impairments
3) Behavioral changes
4) Depression
5) ⬇ Self-esteem
6) ⬇ Emotional health