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Anatomy & Physiology > Sensory receptors and eyes > Flashcards

Sensory receptors and eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 major types of sensory receptors?

A
  • mechanoreceptors
  • thermoreceptors
  • pain receptors
  • chemoreceptors
  • photoreceptors
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2
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A

Dendrites that react to a certain external or internal stimulus

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3
Q

Which sensory receptor is responsible for touch?

A

Mechanoreceptor

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4
Q

Which sensory receptor is responsible for temperature?

A

Thermoreceptors

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5
Q

Which sensory receptor is responsible for pain?

A

Pain receptors (noriceptors)

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6
Q

Which sensory receptor is responsible for chemicals?

A

Chemoreceptors

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7
Q

Which sensory receptor is responsible for light?

A

Photoreceptors

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8
Q

What are the impulses produced in the skin called?

A

Cutaneous sensations

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9
Q

What do cutaneous sensations include?

A
  • touch
  • heat
  • cold
  • pressure
  • pain
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10
Q

Free nerve endings

A
  • pain
  • temperature
  • touch
  • pressure
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11
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Encapsulated nerve endings found in hairless skin that detect light touch

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12
Q

Merkel’s disks

A

Detect light touch and pressure within the epidermis

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13
Q

Hair follicle receptors

A

Detect movement of hair

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14
Q

Ruffini’s corpuscles

A

Detect deep pressure and stretching of the skin

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15
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Encapsulated nerve endings that detect deep pressure and vibrations

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16
Q

Why is touch considered a general sense?

A

It includes many types of receptors found all over the body

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17
Q

Special senses are what and what are they?

A

Their receptors are clustered in specialized organs or in a small area
- sight
- hearing
- smell
- taste
- balance

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18
Q

What covers the surface of the eyeball and is the inner layer of the eyelid?

A

Conjuctiva. It secretes mucus to lubricate the eye

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19
Q

What are the corners of the eye called?

A

Medial commissure and the lateral commissure

20
Q

Besides the conjuctiva, what else lubricates the eye?

A

Lacrimal apparatus

21
Q

What do lacrimal glands release and why?

A

Tears to cleanse and moisten the eye

22
Q

What do tears contain?

A
  • mucus
  • antibodies
  • lysozyme (antibacterial enzyme)
23
Q

What is the path that tears take when they drain?

A
  1. lacrimal canaliculi
  2. lacrimal sac
  3. nasolacrimal duct
24
Q

What are the 3 tissues that the eye is comprised of?

A
  • sclera
  • choroid
  • retina
25
Q

Sclera

A
  • white of the eye
  • fibrous connective tissue
  • protects and shapes the eye
26
Q

Choroid

A
  • pigmented
  • vascular membrane that includes iris and pupil
27
Q

Retina

A

Contains photoreceptors that turn light energy into nerve impulses

28
Q

What allows light into the eye?

A

Cornea

29
Q

Iris

A
  • colored part of the eye
  • located behind the cornea
  • works with the pupil to regulate light coming into the eye
30
Q

Pupil

A

The opening in the center of the iris through which light enters

31
Q

Lens

A

A semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina

32
Q

What is the lens controlled by?

A

Ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments

33
Q

What happens to the lens with age?

A

It becomes less elastic

34
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Fluid in front of the lens which nourishes the cornea

35
Q

Vitreous humor

A

A thick, jelly-like fluid that refracts light and fills the space between the lens and retina

36
Q

What does the retina contain?

A

Thousands of photoreceptors

37
Q

What are the two types of photoreceptors?

A
  • rods
  • cones
38
Q

Rods

A
  • distributed all over the retina
  • responsible for vision in low-light
  • extremely sensitive
39
Q

Cones

A
  • concentrated in the center of the retina
  • responsible for the detection of colors
  • less sensitive
40
Q

In order to see an image, light passes through the eye and hits what?

A

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on the back of the eye

41
Q

What point of the eye contains only cones and provides the sharpest image?

A

Fovea centralis

42
Q

What is a blind spot?

A

No photoreceptors where the optic nerve meets the eye, but the brain makes up for it

43
Q

Myopia

A

Near-sightedness

44
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far-sightedness

45
Q

How do corrective lenses help the eyes?

A

They refract the light so it accurately converges on the retina

Anatomy & Physiology (6 decks)

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