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Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous System Overview, Nervous Tissue, Nerve Protection & Support, Nerve Impulses, Protecting the Brain > Flashcards

Nervous System Overview, Nervous Tissue, Nerve Protection & Support, Nerve Impulses, Protecting the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons are stimulated by what?

A
  • environment
  • other neurons
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2
Q

auto-

A

self

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3
Q

Intergration

A

Processing and interpreting the information

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4
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A
  • reduces sympathetic response
  • rest & digest
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5
Q

Axons

A

Send impulses away from the cell body

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6
Q

polar-

A

end

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7
Q

Sympathetic Division

A
  • used in emergency situations
  • fight or flight
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8
Q

audi-
oto-

A

Hearing

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9
Q

opt-

A

Vision

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10
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

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11
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Carry impulses towards the CNS

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12
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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13
Q

-ellum

A

Smaller

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14
Q

mening-

A

Membrane

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15
Q

astro-

A

Star

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16
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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17
Q

How is myelin formed?

A

The Schwann cell wraps itself around the axon

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18
Q

Choroid plexuses

A

Clusters of capillaries in ventricles that secrete CSF

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19
Q

dendr-

A

Treelike

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20
Q

As a whole, the myelin wrappings are called the what?

A

Myelin sheath

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21
Q

What is between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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22
Q

Response

A

Activation of muscles or glands

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23
Q

Thin layer containing lots of blood vessels

A

Pia mater

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24
Q

A waxy insulation wrapped around axons

A

Myelin

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25
Q

Depolarization

A

Sodium rushes into the neuron and reverses the charges

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26
Q

Astrocytes

A

Support and anchor neurons to surrounding capillaries

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27
Q

How many systems is the nervous system divided into?

A

2

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27
Q

Autonomic System
(2 divisions)

A

Involuntary muscle control (sympathetic, parasympathetic)

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28
Q

What do neurotransmitters cause to open in the next neuron

A

Channels

29
Q

Synapse

A

Where two neurons meet

30
Q

Satellite cells

A

Support and anchor neurons in the CNS

31
Q

gli

A

Glue

32
Q

Cell body contains (3)

A
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • organelles
33
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Carry impulses away from the CNS

34
Q

Thin, cobweb-like layer

A

Arachnoid membrane

35
Q

As the impulse passes, what diffuses out of the neuron?

A

Potassium (re-polarization, resets charges)

36
Q

neuro-

A

Nerve

37
Q

Schwann cells

A

Provide myelin to neurons in the PNS

38
Q

oligo-

A

Few

39
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect afferent and efferent neurons

40
Q

What are processes divided into?

A
  • dendrites
  • axons
41
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

The space between two neurons

42
Q

Dendrites

A

Bring impulses towards the cell body

43
Q

How does CSF protect the brain?

A
  • prevents it from contacting the skull
  • maintains the blood-brain barrier, which controls brain homeostasis and prevents infection
44
Q

photo-

A

Light

45
Q

Sensory Division

A

Sends impulses from senses to CNS

46
Q

Somatic system

A

Voluntary muscle control

47
Q

A resting neuron has a what?

A

Resting potential

48
Q

Thick, tough layer

A

Dura mater

49
Q

Meninges

A

Three layers of protective connective tissue protecting the brain and spinal cord

50
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Ventricles

51
Q

Sensory input

A

It detects changes (stimuli) inside and outside of the body

52
Q

Microglia

A

Provide immune response to CNS

53
Q

Axon terminals are at the end of nerve cells and release what?

A

Neurotransmitters

54
Q

Motor division

A

Sends impulses from CNS to muscles and glands (autonomic, somatic)

55
Q

Interventricular formamen (formen of Monro)

A

Connects lateral ventricles to the third ventricle

56
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Provide myelin insulations to neurons in the CNS

57
Q

What are in-between Schwann cells?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

58
Q

Myelin helps what travel more quickly?

A

Nerve impulses

59
Q

What are the four ventricles?

A
  • laterals (right and left)
  • third
  • fourth
60
Q

Neurons

A
  • conduct impulses around the body
  • 10% of all nerve cells
61
Q

cereb-
enceph-

A

Brain

62
Q

What makes up the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

The brain and spinal cord

63
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Absorbs CSF into the bloodstream

64
Q

A depolarization is known as the what?

A

Action potential

65
Q

CSF is constantly being

A
  • produced
  • circulated
  • reabsorbed
66
Q

Neuroglia

A
  • “nerve-glue”
  • supports, insulates and protects neurons
  • 90% of all nerve cells
67
Q

Neurilemma

A

The outer layers of the Schwann cell

68
Q

The movement of ions causes a what?

A

Nerve impulse

69
Q

What releases neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft?

A

Vesicles

Anatomy & Physiology (6 decks)

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