Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Exam #4 > Sensory Receptors > Flashcards

Sensory Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 common steps to coding/processing of all sensory information?

A
  1. Physical stimulus is present that reaches the body
  2. Stimulus is transduced into a message of electrical signals
  3. Those signals are relayed to CNS and there is a response to that message by the CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The accurate organization of the essential properties of an object/stimulus that allows us to interpret and manage/manipulate it successfully:

A

perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What allows information from our environment to reach our cerebral cortex?

A

receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 main functions of receptors?

A
  1. Sensation
  2. Control/coordination of movements
  3. Arousal (w/o sensory stimulation, CNS could not function/interact w/ envt)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 elementary attributes of a stimulus?

A
  1. Modality (one of 5 senses)
  2. Intensity (strength of stimulus)
  3. Duration (“perceived” time a stimulus is present)
  4. Location (there is a “map” of entire human body in cortex for each modality)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are submodalities? Provide some examples.

A

Submodalities are subsets of each modality. Ex: vision modalities=color, brightness, movement, etc.; taste modalities=bitter, sweet, salty, sour, umami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The majority of receptors are which type?

A

mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The lowest detectable intensity which can be perceived at least 50% of the time and is often characterized by a sigmoid curve:

A

sensory threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is a sensory threshold fixed or variable?

A

It is variable and can be influenced by a variety of factors, including fatigue, habituation, practice, context, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can sensory threshold change in response to changes in the receptor or the receptor’s threshold?

A

No! While it is true that sensory thresholds are variable, they are NOT due to changes in the receptor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are two important concepts related to intensity?

A
  1. Detectability: need the correct receptor in order to process a certain type of signal
  2. Criterion: an attitude/bias exists toward certain sensations, allowing us to “tolerate” certain stimuli and prevent false alarms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Perception of stimuli is greatest/sharpest at regions of ___________.

A

greatest contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The perceived duration of a stimulus is a function of what?

A

the CNS and NOT the receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is 2 point discrimination related to location?

A

It tells us how fine our detection of stimuli is in terms of location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signal transduction is always _______.

A

excitatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a stimulus called that produces no action potentials?

A

subthreshold stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is frequency vs. population coding?

A
  • Frequency: stronger stimuli evoke greater # of AP’s from a single receptor
  • Population: stronger stimuli excite a greater # of receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rapidly adapting receptors give good ______ information, while slowly adapting receptors give good _______ information.

A

temporal; spatial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is the resulting sensory output very much different from the afferent information from any single input?

A

This is due to modulation of sensory information, in which sensory inputs to the CNS follow a pattern of extensive convergence and/or divergence and activate both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons at each relay station. (information is lost or modified as it moves from synapse to synapse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the purpose of modulating sensory information?

A

It functions to make the information more precise; also serves as a means for sensory adaptation.

21
Q

All somatic sensory receptors project to ______ of the cortex.

A

postcentral gyrus (area 312)

22
Q

What is cortical layer I responsible for?

A

fibers of passage (anything that needs to go somewhere else will send an axon to layer I)

23
Q

What are cortical layers II and III responsible for?

A

integration/modification

24
Q

What is cortical layer IV responsible for?

A

always input (from thalamus)

25
Q

What is cortical layer V responsible for?

A

always output (to basal ganglia, brain stem, and spinal cord)

26
Q

What is cortical layer VI responsible for?

A

always feedback (to thalamus)

27
Q

What is the stimulus for hair follicles?

A

light brush

28
Q

What is the stimulus for Meissner corpuscles?

A

dynamic deformation

29
Q

What is the stimulus for Pacinian corpuscles?

A

vibration

30
Q

What is the stimulus for Merkel cells?

A

indentation depth

31
Q

What is the stimulus for Ruffini corpuscles?

A

stretch

32
Q

What is the stimulus for polymodal nociceptors?

A

injurious forces

33
Q

Are Merkel’s disks slowly or rapidly adapting?

A

slowly

34
Q

Are Meissner’s corpuscles slowly or rapidly adapting?

A

rapidly

35
Q

Are Pacinian corpuscles slowly or rapidly adapting?

A

rapidly

36
Q

Are Ruffini endings slowly or rapidly adapting?

A

slowly

37
Q

Which skin receptors have large receptive fields and which have small receptive fields?

A
  • Large: deep receptors (Ruffini and Pacinian)

- Small: superficial receptors (Merkel’s and Meissner’s)

38
Q

What are the 3 types of nociceptors?

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Thermal
  3. Polymodal
39
Q

What are the 2 basic types of pain fibers?

A
  1. A delta fibers (transmit sharp, stabbing, or burning pain quickly to CNS)
  2. C fibers (transmit slow, dull/achy, and cold stimuli through unmyelinated axons)
40
Q

Large, myelinated fibers are the fastest and carry ___________.

A

proprioceptive information

41
Q

Small, thinly myelinated fibers carry __________.

A

general sensory information (skin mechanoreceptors)

42
Q

The smallest myelinated and unmyelinated fibers carry __________.

A

pain and temperature information

43
Q

What are the 3 types of proprioceptors?

A
  1. Muscle spindle receptors in muscle tissue
  2. Mechanoreceptors in joint capsules and tendons (GTOs)
  3. Mechanoreceptors in skin
44
Q

Muscle spindles are innervated by what?

A

group Ia and II axons (large and medium, myelinated)

45
Q

What are the 3 types of intrafusal fibers of each muscle spindle?

A
  1. Nuclear chain fibers
  2. Dynamic nuclear bag fibers
  3. Static nuclear bag fibers
46
Q

What is unique about dynamic fibers in comparison to the rest of the intrafusal muscle spindle fibers?

A

The afferents of the dynamic fibers include group Ia only.

47
Q

What is the Golgi tendon organ innervated by?

A

group 1b axons (large myelinated axons)

48
Q

True or false: ALL sensory afferents synapse at multiple sites within the spinal cord

A

true

Anatomy Exam #4 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions