Sensory perceptual & Cognition

Question 1

Types of Sensory Awareness

Answer 1

Detection
Discrimination
Quantification
Recognition

Question 2

Graphesthesia

Answer 2

Ability to identify objects without vision

Question 3

Unilateral Spatial Neglect (USN)

Answer 3

Common perceptual impairment
(17-82% of R CVA; 15-64% of L CVA)
Inability to direct attention to stimuli located on the side contralateral to a lesion
Lack of recognition of body part
Lack of recognition of ½ of visual field
Usually more severe with right than with left hemisphere lesions

Question 4

Assessment of Unilateral Spatial Neglect (USN)

Answer 4

Line Bisection and Cancellation tests
Copying and Drawing Tests
Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT)
Semi-structured Scale for Functional Evaluation of Hemi-Inattention
Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS)

Question 5

Visual Object Agnosia

Answer 5

Failure to recognize visual stimuli even though visual-sensory processing, language and intellectual functions preserved

Question 6

Simultanagnosia

Answer 6

Disorder the person actually perceives only one element of object or picture at a time, unable to absorb the whole

Question 7

Prosopagnosia

Answer 7

Failure to recognize familiar faces

Question 8

Color agnosia

Answer 8

Difficulty naming colors

Associated with left hemisphere lesions

Question 9

Color imperceptions

Answer 9

R hemisphere or bilateral lesions
Colors seen as muddy or impure
Target may fade into background

Question 10

Apraxia

Answer 10

Difficulty performing a willful purposeful movement or initiating movements not accounted for by weakness, sensory loss, incoordination, inattention or lack of comprehension.
5 types - Verbal, buccofacial, limb (ideational, ideomotor) constructional and dressing

Question 11

Examination of Interpretation – Intrapersonal Space

Answer 11

Two point discrimination
Kinesthetic awareness
Graphesthesia
Stereognosis

Question 12

Examination of Interpretation – Extrapersonal Space

Answer 12

Draw a daisy/clock/house

Block design tests

Question 13

Examination of Attention

Answer 13

Observation
Double simultaneous stimulation
Spatial tasks - cancellation tests, drawing tests
PASAT

Question 14

Cognition

Answer 14

Arousal/level of consciousness
Attention
Orientation
Memory
Explicit and implicit motor learning
Problem solving

Question 15

Cognitive Assessments

Answer 15

Observe real world behavior 
History from family
Attention-digit span
Ability to suppress- Stroop,  go-no-go
Abstract reasoning-proverbs and similarities
Judgment
Language-generate list
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)

Question 16

Pusher Syndrome

Answer 16

Patients actively push away from non-hemiparetic side
There is forceful resistance against correction of tilted posture
Perception of body posture in relation to gravity is altered
Lesion of left or right postero-lateral thalamus

Question 17

Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pusher Syndrome

Answer 17

Spontaneous body posture, increase of pushing force by spreading of the nonparetic extremities form the body and resistance to passive correction of posture
Patients with contraversive pushing take 3.6 weeks (63%) longer to reach functional outcome levels
Rarely present after 6 months after a stroke

Question 18

Pusher Syndrome Intervention

Answer 18

Patients should realize the disturbed perception
Visually explore surroundings and the body’s relation to the surroundings-use visual aids
Learn movement needed to reach a vertical body position
Maintain the vertical body position while performing other activities