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Pharm 1 Exam 2 > Sensory Perceptual > Flashcards

Sensory Perceptual Flashcards

1
Q

When does glaucoma occur?

A

When there is increased intraocular pressure

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2
Q

What are the leading cause of preventable blindness?

A

Glaucoma

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3
Q

Who is most prone to getting glaucoma?

A

Most frequent in those over 60 years of age.
Associated with genetic factors.
Can be secondary to certain conditions
—- Eye trauma, diabetes, inflammation
—- Hemorrhage, tumor, cataracts

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4
Q

What are some risk factors that might cause glaucoma?

A

Hypertension
Migraine headaches
Severe nearsightedness or farsightedness
Normal aging

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5
Q

Goal of glaucoma pharacotherapy?

A

To prevent damage to optic nerve by lowering IOP.

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6
Q

Mechanism of action for drugs used for glaucoma?

A

Decrease IOP by increasing outflow of aqueous humor, or
– Decrease formation of aqueous humor
– Many antiglaucoma drugs affect autonomic nervous system.

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7
Q

Determine factors that could decrease compliance with pharmacotherapy?

A

— insufficient financial resources
— Lack of knowledge of disease
— Lack of dexterity or skill in inserting eyedrops
— Difficulty in remembering dosing schedule
— Allow patient opportunity to verbalize feelings; provide emotional support.

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8
Q

What are mydriatics?

A

— Dilate pupil to allow better visualization
— Cause photophobia, can increase IOP, can cause CNS effects

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9
Q

What are Cycloplegics?

A

— Cause both dilation and relaxation of ciliary muscle
— Cause severe blurred vision, loss of near vision, angle-closure glaucoma attacks

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10
Q

What are the two major sensory functions of the ear?

A

Hearing
Equilibrium and balance

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11
Q

What is external otitis associated with?

A

Swimmers ear

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12
Q

What is otitis media associated with?

A

Upper respiratory infections, allergies, auditory tube irritation.

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13
Q

What is mastoiditis and what is it associated with? What can it result in?

A

Inflammation of the mastoid sinus
Associated with chronic or recurrent bacterial otitis media
Can result in hearing loss if untreated

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14
Q

What are the drug classifications to treat glaucoma?

A

Prostaglandins
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Alpha2-adrenergic blockers
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Nonselective sympathomimetics
Cholinergic agonists
Osmotic diuretics

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15
Q

Classification of Timolol

A

Beta adrenergic antagonist, Miotic

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16
Q

Contraindications of timolol?

A

Bronchospasms
COPD
Asthma
Heart failure
Bradycardia

17
Q

Uses/action of timolol?

A

Lowers IOP by < formation of aqueous humor & > outflow
Uses: reduce IOP, chronic, open-angled glaucoma

18
Q

What should you do before and after giving timolol?

A

Check HR

19
Q

Interactions with timolol?

A

Antihypertensives
Diuretics
SSRIs > hypotensive effects; NSAIDS antagonize hypotensive effects

20
Q

Side effects of timolol?

A

Fatigue
Headache
Confusion
Depression
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Eye irritation
Dyspepsia (indigestion)
Nausea

21
Q

Nursing interventions for timolol?

A

Some patients may develop tolerance
Do not stop drug abruptly
Report difficulty breathing - withdraw drug

22
Q

Classification of latanoprost (Xalaton)?

A

Prostaglandin

23
Q

Contraindications of latanaprost?

A

Intraocular infection

24
Q

Uses/action of latanoprost?

A

> outflow of aqueous humor, < IOP
Uses: open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, > IOP

25
Q

Before giving latanoprost?

A

Remove contact lenses 15 minutes before administration

26
Q

Interactions with latanoprost?

A

Eye preparations incl. thimerosol (precipitation)

27
Q

Side effects of latanoprost?

A

Growth of eye lashes
Ocular priorities
> brown pigmentation of irises (over months to years)
Sensation of foreign body in the eye

28
Q

Nursing interventions of latanoprost?

A

Wait 5 minutes before administering other eye drops
Eye inflammation - withhold eye drops, contact HCP

29
Q

Describe the method to administer eye drops to a patient?

A

Pull down lower lid; 1 drop is a dose, 2nd drop is overflow. Wait 5 minutes to administer 2nd drop.

30
Q

What can the nurse do to prevent systemic absorption of the medication?

A

Pressure on the lacrimal duct for 1 minute after administration of eye drops.

31
Q

What is the technique for administering ear drops?

A

Pull ear up and back to straighten ear canal. Instill drops. Push drops down into the ear canal.

Pharm 1 Exam 2 (4 decks)

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