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Pharm 1 Exam 2 > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Classification for Fexofenadine (Allegra)?

A

Antihistamine ; H1 receptor antagonist

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2
Q

Contraindications for fexofenadine (Allegra)?

A

Neonates

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3
Q

Uses/action for fexofenadine (Allegra)?

A

Competes with histamine for H1 receptor sites.
Blocks effects of H1 receptors resulting in < edema, flare & rhinitis
Uses: seasonal allergic rhinitis & chronic uticaria

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4
Q

Interactions with fexofenadine (Allegra)?

A

Antacids
St. John’s wort
Grapefruit or apple juice

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5
Q

Side effects of fexofenadine (Allegra)?

A

Headache

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6
Q

Nursing interventions for fexofenadine (Allegra)?

A

Monitor for effectiveness

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7
Q

Classification for diphenhydramine (benadryl)?

A

Antihistamine; H1 receptor antagonist

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8
Q

Contraindications for diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A

Glaucoma
BPH
Bladder neck obstruction
GI obstruction or stenosis
Lactation
Neonates

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9
Q

Uses/action for diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A

Competes with histamine for H1 receptor sites
Uses: symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, vertigo, reactions to blood transfusion, anaphylaxis, Parkinsonism EPSs, cough suppressant, sedative-hypnotic

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10
Q

Interactions with diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A

Alcohol, CNS depressants, MAOIs

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11
Q

Side effects of diphenhydramine (benadryl)?

A

Drowsiness
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Urinary retention

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12
Q

Nursing interventions for diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A

Drowsiness - first few days; prevent falls
No driving until effects known
Increase fluid intake

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13
Q

Classification for fluticasone (Flonase)?

A

Intranasal corticosteroid

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14
Q

Contraindications for fluticasone (Flonase)?

A

Infections

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15
Q

Uses/action for fluticasone (Flonase)?

A

Decreases inflammation in nasal passages
Uses: allergic rhinitis, bronchial inflammation

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16
Q

Interactions with fluticasone (Flonase)?

A

Ritonavir
Licorice
St John’s wort

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17
Q

Side effects of fluticasone (Flonase)?

A

Rare
Nasal irritation (epistaxis - bleeding from nose)
Headache (nasopharyngitis)

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18
Q

Nursing interventions for fluticasone (Flonase)?

A

Follow directions given by manufacturer
Blow nose before administering

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19
Q

Classification for Oxymetazoline (afrin)?

A

Decongestant, sympathomimetic

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20
Q

Contraindications for oxymetazoline (afrin)?

A

Glaucoma
Hypertension

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21
Q

Uses/action for oxymetazoline (afrin)?

A

Sympathomimetic; vasoconstriction in nasal passages
Uses: Nasal congestion

22
Q

Side effects of oxymetazoline (afrin)?

A

Burning
Sneezing
Rebound congestion

23
Q

Nursing interventions for oxymetazoline (afrin)?

A

Head slightly forward, sniff briskly
Rinse spray tip with hot water after use

24
Q

Decongestant action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Action - sympathomimetic
Side effects
—- intranasal - local
—- systemic - hypertension, CNS stimulation, insomnia, anxiety
Interventions
—- IN - do not use for longer than 3-5 days
—- systemic - monitor BP & HR

25
Q

Antitussives action, side effects?

A

Action: Dampen cough reflex (use w/ dry, hacking, nonproductive cough)
Side effects: respiratory depression - opiates, hallucinations, slurred speech, dizziness, drowsiness, euphoria

26
Q

Expectorants action, side effects?

A

Action: Reduce the thickness of bronchial secretions
Side effects: Drowsiness, headache, GI upset

27
Q

Mucolytics action, side effects?

A

Action: Loosen thick bronchial secretions
Side effects: Unpleasant odor, nausea

28
Q

Beta-adrenergic agonist action, side effects and nursing interventions?

A

Action: bronchodilation
Side effects: Palpitations, headache, tachycardia

29
Q

Anticholinergic action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Action: Bronchodilation, slower onset, < intense bronchodilation, prolonged action
Side effects: Dry mouth, headache, cough, GI distress, headache, anxiety
Nursing interventions: Alternative to beta agonists

30
Q

Methylxanthines action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Action: long-term persistent asthma resistant to above drugs; bronchodilators
Side effects: N & V, CNS stimulation, dysrhythmias, nervousness, insomnia
Nursing interventions: Chemically related to caffeine, narrow safety margin, significant drug interactions.

31
Q

Corticosteroids action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Action
— IN - long-term asthma
— Oral - acute asthma attacks, anti inflammatory
Side effects
— inhaled: hoarseness, dry mouth, cough, sore throat
Nursing interventions
— inhaled: systemic effects rare (slow absorb)
— > 10 days - osteoporosis

32
Q

Leukotriene modifiers action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Action: Block leukotriene (edema, inflammation, bronchodilation)
Side effects: Headache, cough, GI upset, nasal congestion
Nursing interventions: > frequency of cough > age 65, Monitor liver function, contraindicate w/ chronic alcohol use.

33
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Inhibit release of histamine from mast cells - anti-inflammatory
Side effects: Stinging, burning of nasal mucosa, throat irritation, nasal congestion
Nursing interventions: Less effective than inhaled corticosteroids, short half-life; inhaled 6 times daily

34
Q

Classification for theophylline (theo-dur)?

A

Methylxanthine

35
Q

Contraindication for theophylline (Theo-dur)?

A

CAD (coronary artery disease)
angina
renal or liver impairment.

36
Q

Uses/action for theophylline (Theo-dur)?

A

Bronchodilator
Smooth muscle relaxant
Uses: bronchial asthma, bronchospams

37
Q

Before giving theophylline (Theo-dur)?

A

Check theophylline serum level.

38
Q

Interactions with theophylline?

A

Lithium
Cimetidine
Allopurinol
Zileuton
Tobacco
St. John’s wort
Daidzein
Black pepper

39
Q

Side effects of theophylline?

A

Tachycardia
Nausea

40
Q

Nursing interventions for theophylline?

A

Monitor VS, respiratory status
Toxicity: anorexia, N & V, dizziness, shakiness, restlessness, abd discomfort, irritability, palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures
Monitor theophylline levels closely esp in smokers
Older pts - dizziness, safety measures
Take medications @ same time each day
Limit caffeine
Increase fluids (2-3,000 ml/day)
Avoid OTC cough suppressants (thicken secretions)

41
Q

Classification for Beclomethasone?

A

Anti-inflammatory, corticosteroid

42
Q

Contraindication for Beclomethasone?

A

Monitor growth in children
Infection

43
Q

Uses/action for Beclomethasone?

A

Intranasal corticosteroid
Decreases inflammation

44
Q

Side effect of Beclomethasone?

A

Inhaled produces few systemic effects
Local effects: hoarseness, dry mouth, changes in taste
Long term effects: cataracts

45
Q

Nursing interventions for Beclomethasone?

A

Do not use w/ acute asthma attack
Assess for infections

46
Q

Classification for montelukast (singulair)?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

47
Q

Contraindications for montelukast (singulair)?

A

Concurrent use of aspirin or NSAIDs, liver disease

48
Q

Uses/action for montelukast (singulair)?

A

Antagonizes leukotriene (bronchoconstrictor, mucous producer)
Uses: Allergic rhinitis, asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; prophylactic use only

49
Q

Side effects of montelukast (singulair)?

A

Headache

50
Q

Nursing interventions for montelukast (singulair)?

A

Monitor liver function
Do not use for reversal of acute asthma attack
Can take a week or longer to work

51
Q

Why would medications for lower respiratory problems be given by inhalation?

A

Medication is given directly to the source of inflammation; decrease system effects of the medication.

52
Q

When the patient uses multiple inhalers, what instructions does the nurse give to the patient on their use?

A

5 minutes between puffs for a dose, bronchodilators first if using multiple types.

Pharm 1 Exam 2 (4 decks)

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