Sensory Perception/Cranial Nerves

Question 1

sensory deficit

Answer 1

a deficit in the expected function of one or more of the five senses

Question 2

sensory deprivation

Answer 2

a reduction in or absence of stimuli to one or more of the five senses

Question 3

sensory overload

Answer 3

receiving stimuli at a rate and intensity beyond the brain’s ability to process the stimuli in a meaningful way

Question 4

sensory processing disorder

Answer 4

when a client appropriately detects sensory stimuli, but their brain has difficulty interpreting and responding appropriately to the stimuli

Question 5

myopia

Answer 5

inability to see faraway objects clearly, also referred to nearsightness

Question 6

hyperopia

Answer 6

inability to see nearby objects clearly, referred as farsightedness

Question 7

astigmatism

Answer 7

a defect in the eye making objects nearby and faraway look blurry or distorted

Question 8

presbyopia

Answer 8

age-related farsightedness or a gradual decrease in the ability to clearly see nearby caused by the loss of flexibility of the lens of the eye

Question 9

cateract

Answer 9

clouding of the lens of the eye that causes vision to be blurry, hazy, or less colorful

Question 10

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 10

affects blood vessels in the retina causing blindness

Question 11

glaucoma

Answer 11

an increase in intraocular pressure due to the buildup of fluid, or aqueous humor that causes compression of the optic nerve

Question 12

macular degeneration

Answer 12

an irreversible degeneration of the macula that leads to a loss of central vision as clients age

Question 13

tinnitus

Answer 13

hearing sound when no external sound is present, such as ringing, buzzing, roaring, clicking, hissing, or humming noises

Question 14

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 14

hearing loss that occurs from problems either in the inner ear or on the vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 15

presbycusis

Answer 15

age related hearing loss

Question 16

ototoxicity

Answer 16

causing damage to or dysfunction of the cochlea or vestibule

Question 17

conductive hearing loss

Answer 17

inability of sound to travel from the outer ear to the eardrum and middle ear

Question 18

otitis media

Answer 18

inflammation in or the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear that can result in conductive hearing loss

Question 19

otosclerosis

Answer 19

abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear

Question 20

cerebration

Answer 20

the act of thinking or using one’s mind

Question 21

aphasia

Answer 21

a disorder that affects a client’s ability to articulate and understand speech and written language due to damage in the brain

Question 22

expressive aphasia

Answer 22

known as Broca’s or nonfluent aphasia and is due to the damage to the frontal lobe of the brain. They may understand speech, but are unable to speak the words they want to say

Question 23

comprehensive aphasia

Answer 23

known as Wernicke’s or fluent aphasia caused by damage to the temporal lobe of the brain. A client who has this speaks in long sentences that have no meaning and often include unnecessary and made up words

Question 24

global aphasia

Answer 24

severe impairments in communication caused by significant damage to various language areas of the brain. clients who have this have poor comprehension of language and may be unable to form words or sentences

Question 25

tactile hypersensitivity

Answer 25

being overly sensitive to tactile stimulation

Question 26

tactile defensiveness

Answer 26

a severe sensitivity to touch that most people would find acceptable that often causes physical pain

Question 27

tactile hyposensitivity

Answer 27

under responsiveness to tactile stimulation

Question 28

peripheral neuropathy

Answer 28

conditions that occur when nerves in the central nervous system become damaged resulting in numbness, pain, and weakness to the extremities

Question 29

idiopathic neuropathy

Answer 29

neuropathy due to nerve damage of an unknown cause

Question 30

diabetic neuropathy

Answer 30

nerve damage that occurs in clients who have diabetes mellitus due to high blood glucose levels and high levels of triglycerides, which can cause damage to the nerves and to the small blood vessels supplying blood to the nerves

Question 31

hypogeusia

Answer 31

a decreased ability to taste

Question 32

ageusia

Answer 32

the inability to taste anything

Question 33

dysgeusia

Answer 33

a persistent salty, rancid, or metallic taste

Question 34

anosmia

Answer 34

inability to smell anything

Question 35

hyposmia

Answer 35

reduction in the ability to perceive odors

Question 36

parosmia

Answer 36

an alteration in odor perception or a distortion in smells, such as when a previously pleasant smell becomes unpleasant

Question 37

phantosmia

Answer 37

the sensation of an odor that isn’t there

Question 38

dementia

Answer 38

cognitive disorder that can impair communication ability due to language and memory changes

Question 39

delirium

Answer 39

a syndrome whereby there is a disturbance in mental ability resulting in confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment