Sensory Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Vision

A
  • canines eyes are more spherical compared to humans
  • have visual streak that runs horizontally thru the back of the eye
  • visual streak varied b/t breeds
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2
Q

Retina

A
  • has 2 photoreceptors: cones (color/detail) and rods (lighting/ movement)
  • cones comprise 3% of photoreceptors
  • no fovea
  • enhanced visual acuity, binocular vision, and scanning
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3
Q

Color Vision

A
  • 1909, 1912: experiments done said dogs saw color poorly or not at all
  • 1989: studies that dogs have dichromatic color (yellow and blue tones)
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4
Q

Vision in Low Light

A
  • pupils dilate to allow max light to enter
  • rods are stimulated by low light
  • tapetum lucidum ehances light
  • tapetum nigrens: absorbs excessive scattered light
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5
Q

Binocular Vision

A
  • important for predators tracking prey movement
  • overlap in visual fields, about 40-60 degrees of overlap
  • peripheral vision 250 degrees in dogs
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6
Q

Shape and Form Discrimination

A
  • distinguishes moving shapes better
  • distinguish individuals as part of group
  • trouble reconciling unusual shapes
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7
Q

Blindness

A
  • causes of blindness is heredity and age
  • can cause behavioral change
  • deaf/blind dogs prone to aggression, dependece and attention seeking
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8
Q

Part of the Ear

A
  • external pinnae: gathers sound
  • auditory canal: directs sound to eardrums
  • tympanic membrane: eardrum
  • cochlea: fluid filled and stimulates hair cells on basilar membrane
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9
Q

Frequency and Range of Hearing

A
  • Range is 15Hz to 60,000Hz, best at 4,000Hz

- can hear low freq. and ultrasound (like rodent patters)

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10
Q

Auditory Localization

A
  • advanced triangulation
  • sound hits one ear slightly sooner
  • w/ heading turning neuronal messages convey “picture” of location w/ sound
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11
Q

Deafness

A
  • congenital deafness: linked to white pigment
  • 30% of Dalmatians are deaf
  • exposure to loud noises
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12
Q

Mechanics of Smell

A
  • sample of air->nasal cavities->accumulates on mucous layer->picked up by odor sensitive cilia
  • 250 olfactory neurons
  • surface area of olfactory epithelium in dogs 20-200 sq. cm
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13
Q

Smell and the Brain

A
  • dogs have large olfactory bulb
  • over 1000 kinds of olfactory receptor neurons
  • largest family of genes known to exist
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14
Q

Olfactory Acuity

A
  • can discriminate particles 1 part per trillion
  • ability varies on type of scent, best at butyric acid
  • difficult to behaviorally test
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15
Q

Biological Function of Smell

A
  • prey location
  • urine or scent marking and investigation
  • fecal elimination doesn’t have same signaling effect
  • sexual receptivity
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16
Q

What roll on carrion of feces?

A
  • camo or hunting technique

- scent as social cement/identification

17
Q

Detecting Human Odors

A
  • can smell when we become afraid
  • can detect seizures 15-45 prior
  • can smell 6 week old fingerprints
18
Q

Tracking on Ground

A

-creates one path for dog to smell

19
Q

Tracking in Air

A
  • creates scent cone

- advanced type of tracking

20
Q

Vomeronasal Organ

A
  • behind front incisors and opens pouch containing neurons
  • similar olfactory receptor neurons
  • specialized to detect pheromones
  • use tonguing, teeth chatter and licking the air
21
Q

Taste Buds

A
  • salt, sugar and sour on 1/3 front of tongue
  • umami: savory, meat, and cheese
  • bitter is back of tongue
  • taste present in neonates
  • best response to sugar/sweet amino acids
22
Q

Dog Barks Affect on Humans

A
  • low pitch and short intervals is aggression
  • high pitch is desperate and fearful
  • long intervals can be many things